Ch3 Verified Test Bank Everything The Ways We Organize and

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Chapter: Chapter 3

Multiple Choice

1. Locard’s principle states that

A) when two things come into contact there is always a transfer of material from one object to another.

B) when an atom is energized it always emits light.

C) dog hair always sticks to corduroy pants.

D) a chemical reaction emits less energy than a nuclear reaction.

E) none of the above.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.1

2. Chromium can be classified as a

A) metal.

B) metalloid.

C) nonmetal.

D) gas.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.1

3. As can be classified as a

A) metal.

B) metalloid.

C) nonmetal.

D) gas.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.1

4. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of metals?

A) malleable

B) brittle

C) ductile

D) good electrical conductors

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.1

5. Soils that are reddish in color tend to be high in what element?

A) calcium

B) sodium

C) chlorine

D) iron

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.1

6. Organic substances will always contain what element?

A) iron

B) carbon

C) tin

D) chlorine

E) lead

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.1

7. Which element is present in the greatest quantity in soil?

A) carbon

B) iron

C) calcium

D) oxygen

E) bromine

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.1

8. Cl can be classified as a

A) metal.

B) metalloid.

C) nonmetal.

D) gas.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

9. On the periodic table, horizontal rows are called

A) families.

B) groups.

C) periods.

D) cousins.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

10. On the periodic table, vertical columns are called

A) periods.

B) groups or families.

C) sets.

D) metals.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

11. Elements with (in) the same ___________ tend to share similar properties.

A) group

B) period

C) row

D) color

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

12. Which one of the following pairs of elements would be most likely to share similar properties?

A) N and F

B) B and Si

C) Cl and Br

D) Br and Kr

E) Li and Be

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

13. Sodium belongs to group number _______ on the periodic table.

A) 1

B) 2

C) 7

D) 8

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

14. Identify which of the following elements is an alkali metal.

A) Cs

B) Zn

C) Sr

D) Mg

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

15. Identify the alkaline earth metal.

A) Na

B) Zn

C) Ca

D) C

E) Cl

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

16. Identify the halogen.

A) K

B) Ni

C) Pb

D) I

E) Ne

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

17. Identify the transition metal.

A) Cs

B) Fe

C) As

D) N

E) H

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.2

18. Based on the definition of a pure substance given in your book, which of the following could be classified as pure substances?

A) the air you breathe

B) the water from a water fountain

C) a milkshake

D) chicken noodle soup

E) a diamond

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.3

19. Which of the following could be classified as a homogeneous mixture?

A) a glass of Coca-Cola (the substance in the glass, not the glass itself)

B) chunky salsa

C) a pat of butter

D) a spoonful of mint chocolate chip ice cream

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.3

20. Choose the heterogeneous mixture from the list below.

A) hot black coffee

B) vanilla ice cream

C) lasagna

D) a brass ring

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.3

21. Gold makes up a very small percentage (0.0000004%) of the Earth’s crust. Why, if gold has been mined for centuries, is 40% of the gold still present in the crust?

A) Only in recent years have humans been able to successfully extract gold from the crust. Previously, only gold blends were removed from the crust.

B) The Earth’s crust has a very large mass. A lot of gold has been removed, but a lot remains.

C) Gold is easily recycled, so very little gold is mined each year.

D) It is too expensive to mine gold.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

22. The main reason that gold mining is one of the dirtiest mining activities is that

A) only a few ounces of gold are recovered for each ton of rock mined.

B) many chemicals must be used to extract gold from the earth.

C) gold is only found deep underground. Digging tunnels creates a lot of dirt.

D) gold is only found in remote areas so mining it contributes significantly to emission of carbon dioxide because of the distances that miners must travel.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

23. What is the best way to reduce the environmental impact of gold mining?

A) Use fewer heavy metals for its extraction.

B) Isolate the mines from fragile ecosystems.

C) Buy and use recycled gold.

D) Raise the price of gold.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

24. Which of the following is classified as a compound?

A) He

B) CO₂

C) Au

D) O₂

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

25. Which of the following is classified as an element?

A) CH₄

B) H₂O

C) F₂

D) NH₃

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

26. The law of constant composition states that

A) the number of atoms in a compound only changes when the compound changes state.

B) a given compound has a fixed and definite number of atoms of each of its constituent elements.

C) compounds react with each other in whole unit ratios.

D) the composition of a compound will be the same before and after a reaction.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

27. According to the following chemical formula, how many atoms of hydrogen does glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, contain?

A) 12

B) 6.02 × 10²³ × 12

C) 6.02 × 10²³

D) 24

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

28. The element symbols in a chemical formula are often arranged in what order?

A) with the most prevalent element first

B) with the heaviest element last

C) alphabetically

D) from left to right, according to the periodic table

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

29. How many atoms of carbon are in the following compound? CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH

A) 12

B) 13

C) 14

D) 16

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

30. How many atoms of oxygen are in the following compound? Ca₃(PO₄)₂

A) 2

B) 4

C) 6

D) 8

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

31. How does gold mining pollute local waterways?

A) The large volume of dirt that is left behind clogs nearby waterways.

B) Mining runoff contains toxic chemicals such as arsenic, which can contaminate nearby lakes and rivers.

C) Heavy metals from the mining process sink to the bottom of streams and rivers, killing off wildlife.

D) Local rivers are dammed to provide water for the mining process. This upsets the local plant and animal life.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

32. The rainforest in Peru is a hotspot for gold mining. What element is having a large and negative impact on local ecosystems?

A) gold

B) chlorine

C) manganese

D) mercury

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

33. Why is gold mining largely unnecessary?

A) Gold prices have been in a steady decline for the last 100 years. It is cheaper to buy used gold.

B) Tons of gold are already in circulation around the world. It is not necessary to mine new gold.

C) Gold is easy to find by panning rivers and other waterways.

D) Gold can be extracted from the top of the earth’s crust with much less environmental impact that traditional mining methods.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

34. The following formula is incorrect: 5N3O12H8C. What is the correct way to write this formula?

A) C₈H₁₂NNNNNOOO

B) N₅O₃C₈H₁₂

C) 8C12H5N3O

D) C₈H₁₂N₅O₃

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

35. Write the formula for a compound that contains four hydrogen atoms, two oxygen atoms, and two carbon atoms.

A) 4H2O2C

B) C₂H₄O₂

C) C₂O₂H₄

D) CHHHCOOH

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

36. Shown here is the structure for Vitamin C. What is its chemical formula?

A) 6C8H6O

B) C-6, H-8, 6-O

C) C₆H₈O₆

D) C₄O₄H₃C₂H₄O₂

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.4

37. When a substance in the solid phase jumps directly to the gas phase, the process is known as

A) sublimation.

B) vaporization.

C) condensation.

D) melting.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

38. In which phase of matter are the atoms or molecules the furthest from each other?

A) the liquid phase

B) the solid phase

C) the gas phase

D) They are equidistant in each phase.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

39. Which of the three phases of matter expand to completely fill its container?

A) the liquid phase

B) the solid phase

C) the gas phase

D) both the liquid and gas phases

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

40. When a substance goes from the gas phase to the liquid phase, this process is known as

A) sublimation.

B) vaporization.

C) condensation.

D) melting.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

41. Mixtures can often be separated into pure substances by taking advantage of differences in the physical properties of the pure substances contained in the mixture. Which one is not a physical property?

A) color

B) boiling point

C) melting point

D) flammability

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

42. Which of the following would be considered a physical change?

A) the metabolism of food

B) an apple turning brown when left on the counter

C) solid dry ice making “smoke”

D) a chain rusting

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questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

43. Would the evaporation of water from a mixture of salt water be considered a chemical change?

A) Yes, since the water is separating chemically from the salt.

B) Perhaps. It would depend if the salt changed color once all the water was gone.

C) No, since the water is just changing phases, this is simply a physical change.

D) Yes, since they would each have different properties once they were separated.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

44. Which one is chemical change?

A) a puddle freezing

B) a marshmallow turning brown when roasted

C) the alcohol in a bottle of rubbing alcohol disappearing when the lid is not put on after use

D) ice on the sidewalk melting after salt has been sprinkled on it

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

45. Why does the U.S. ship its used electronics oversees?

A) Many other countries have more lax environmental regulations, and labor is cheaper.

B) There is nowhere to store them in the U.S.

C) U.S. laws require this.

D) Electronics have to be shipped back to the country in which they were produced. The U.S. produces very few of its own electronics.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

46. Which three toxic elements are part of e-waste?

A) Na, V, Ti

B) Pb, Ag, Au

C) U, Th, Tc

D) Pb, Hg, Cd

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

47. Why is the disposal method used for the plastic components of electronics hazardous?

A) The plastic components are melted, releasing toxic fumes.

B) The plastics melt in the sun and decompose into small pieces that harm birds.

C) The monomers used in plastics manufacturing are retrieved from the plastic, but these are more toxic than the polymers used to create the plastics.

D) The plastic components are added to large holding ponds. Many of the plastics leach out into the local water supply.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

48. Which of the following retains its shape if it is transferred from one container to another?

A) chlorine gas

B) sodium metal

C) neon gas

D) liquid ammonia

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

49. When water transitions from a liquid to a gas, which of the following statements is false?

A) The liquid molecules took on the shape of their container.

B) The gas molecules are further apart than the liquid molecules were.

C) The gas molecules expand to fill their container.

D) The liquid molecules were all at the very top of the container before they transitioned to a gas.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5

50. An aerosol is

A) a pure substance.

B) a compound.

C) a mixture.

D) another state of matter.

chaptername: 3

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 3.5