Chapter 3: Verbal Communication

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Narratives serve a strategic purpose by providing ______.

a. a way to make the conversation more interesting

b. a way to lengthen the conversation

c. a way to summarize the discussion

d. an account, explanation, or conclusion that provides the speaker’s perspective

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Presentational

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The elements of Burke’s dramatic pentad used to analyze stories are ______.

a. scene, agent, method, medium, message

b. scene, agent, act, actuality, event

c. scene, agent, act, agency, plot

d. scene, agent, act, agency, purpose

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The way that a speaker emphasizes certain elements of the pentad in telling a story can reveal the person’s ______.

a. failure to communicate

b. perspective on or view of the world

c. ability to deceive

d. popularity

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The accommodation process includes which two types?

a. Indulgence and divergence

b. Indulgence and convergence

c. Convergence and divergence

d. Maleficence and indulgence

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Which of the following would constitute an account of one’s communication?

a. Lying

b. Crying

c. Excuse

d. Journal

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Giving Accounts

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Burke likened the interconnected relationship of the elements of the pentad to which of the following?

a. The five corners of a home plate in baseball

b. Five points on a star

c. The five fingers on a hand

d. The five players on the court for one side in basketball

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ratios of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The element of act in Burke’s pentad refers to ______.

a. where it happened

b. who was involved

c. what happened

d. why something happened

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The element of agency in Burke’s pentad refers to ______.

a. where something happened

b. who was involved

c. what occurred

d. how the act was accomplished

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The element of agent in Burke’s pentad refers to ______.

a. where something happened

b. who performed the act

c. what happened

d. how the act happened

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The element of purpose in Burke’s pentad refers to ______.

a. why the act took place

b. where the act occurred

c. who was involved

d. what happened

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The element of scene in Burke’s pentad refers to ______.

a. the situation or location of the act

b. who was involved

c. what happened

d. how the act happened

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Convergence in talk refers to people doing what?

a. Speaking in different styles

b. Indicating distance or dislike

c. Speaking in the same style

d. Avoiding closeness or enjoyment

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. According to Duck and McMahan, talk serves these three functions for relationships.

a. Instrumental, polemic, pragmatic

b. Instrumental, expressive, pragmatic

c. Instrumental, indexical, essential

d. Instrumental, essential, minimalist

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the relational context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Relationships and Shared Meanings

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The term facework refers to managing your ______.

a. ability to smile attractively

b. dignity or self-respect

c. complexion

d. relationship

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Facework

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. “High code” in speaking would most likely be ______.

a. casual, welcoming, and friendly

b. relaxed and informal

c. formal and professional

d. informal and less professional

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ways of Speaking

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The term polysemy refers to ______.

a. multiple meanings for the same word

b. limited meanings for the same word

c. multiple meanings for multiple words

d. limited meanings for multiple words

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The term connotation refers to ______.

a. the use of language to identify something in a simple and straightforward way

b. failing to understand the implications and background behind words

c. the use of language to identify something in a specific or literal way

d. understanding the implications and background behind words

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The term denotation refers to ______.

a. understanding the implications and background behind words

b. the use of language to identify something in a specific or literal way, such as by the generally accepted dictionary definition

c. failing to understand the implications and background behind words

d. the use of language to identify something in a complex and subtle way

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Medium

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

19. If you tell your instructor, “I deserved a B on this paper, but you gave me a C,” both you and the instructor recognize that a B is “better than” a C in the framework of values related to grades. This represents how values encoded through words can ______.

a. change over time

b. differ among people

c. be shared by individuals

d. be positive or negative

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. If you say the word ‘liberal’ to a group of people. This represents how values encoded through words can ______.

a. change over time

b. differ among people

c. be shared by individuals

d. be positive or negative

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. The shared context between the sender and the receiver is referred to as ______.

a. conversational hypertext

b. conversational subtext

c. elaborative code

d. restrictive code

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the relational context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Relationships and Shared Meanings

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Which of the following is not a cultural style of talk?

a. Feminine and masculine

b. Convergent and divergent

c. High-context and low-context

d. Collectivist and individualist

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Cultural

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. ______ talk is straightforward and the message itself says everything.

a. Masculine

b. Convergent

c. Low-context

d. Individualist

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Cultural

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. ______ talk stresses group benefit and harmony rather than personal needs.

a. Collectivist

b. High-context

c. Low-context

d. Individualist

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Cultural

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. ______ talk is tough, aggressive, and competitive.

a. Masculine

b. Collectivist

c. Low-context

d. Individualist

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Cultural

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. When words are used sparingly with a great deal left unsaid, this is an example of ______ talk.

a. masculine

b. high-context

c. low-context

d. individualist

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Cultural

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. “I am so hungry, I could eat a horse,” is an example of ______ speaking.

a. low-context

b. high-code

c. low-code

d. collectivist

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Using complex, technical language with a customer is an example of ______.

a. accommodation

b. high-code

c. convergence

d. divergence

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. The formal grammatical structure of language is ______.

a. langue

b. parole

c. narrative

d. accounts

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Presentational

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. How people actually use language is known as ______.

a. langue

b. parole

c. narrative

d. accounts

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Presentational

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Any organized story, report, or talk that has a plot, an argument, or a theme is known as ______.

a. langue

b. parole

c. narrative

d. accounts

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Presentational

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Forms of communication that go beyond the facts and offer justifications, excuses, exonerations, and explanation are known as ______.

a. langue

b. parole

c. narrative

d. accounts

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Presentational

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. A person saying, “It was not my fault,” is using a/an ______.

a. justification

b. exoneration

c. explanation

d. langue

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Presentational

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. The need to be seen and accepted as a worthwhile and reasonable person refers to ______.

a. negative face wants

b. positive face wants

c. convergence

d. divergence

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonverbal Facework

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. The desire not to be imposed on or treated as inferior refers to ______.

a. negative face wants

b. positive face wants

c. convergence

d. divergence

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonverbal Facework

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. ______ is likely used when an imposition is small or appropriate given the relationship between interactants.

a. Bald on record

b. Positive politeness

c. Negative politeness

d. Off record

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politeness Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. ______ is likely used when there is an acknowledgement of the possibility of negative face and a person offers regrets.

a. Bald on record

b. Positive politeness

c. Negative politeness

d. Off record

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politeness Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Flattery or offering something in return is used in which politeness strategy?

a. Bald on record

b. Positive politeness

c. Negative politeness

d. Off record

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politeness Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. When a person hints or presents a request in a vague manner, they are using which politeness strategy?

a. Bald on record

b. Positive politeness

c. Negative politeness

d. Off record

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politeness Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. If someone said the phrase, “Desperate times call for desperate measures,” which ratio of the pentad are they using?

a. SScene: act

b. Agent: act

c. Scene: agent

d. Agent: agency

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Hard

41. If someone said the phrase, “She is the kind of person who does that sort of thing,” which ratio of the pentad are they using?

a. Scene: act

b. Agent: act

c. Scene: agent

d. Agent: agency

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Hard

42. If someone said the phrase, “Miami is a shady place for shady people,” which ratio of the pentad are they using?

a. Scene: act

b. Agent: act

c. Scene: agent

d. Agent: agency

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Hard

Multiple Response

1. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Cultural styles of talk include the categories of ______.

a. feminine and masculine

b. convergent and divergent

c. high-context and low-context

d. collectivist and individualist

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Cultural

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are likely to be considered Devil terms?

a. Lazy

b. Baby

c. Cheater

d. Traitor

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Low code is more likely to be used when talking to ______.

a. a friend

b. a person you grew up with

c. a person you’ve known for a long time

d. someone you just met

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ways of Speaking

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Frames help people understand communication by shedding light on how they ______.

a. should assign meaning to verbal communication

b. may expect others to communicate

c. should be communicating

d. should assign meaning to nonverbal communication

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Verbal Communication and Frames

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. There is a direct connection between symbols and what they represent.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Identify several ways in which communication is “symbolic.”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Is Verbal Communication Symbolic?

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The acceptance and application of the usage of symbols determines how they are represented through ideas.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Identify several ways in which communication is “symbolic.”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Is Verbal Communication Symbolic?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Symbolic activity, along with language usage, assists in the way that personalities, identities, cultures, and realities are transacted.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Identify several ways in which communication is “symbolic.”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Is Verbal Communication Symbolic?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Communication can work only when individuals use similar words to indicate or denote the same items.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Identify several ways in which communication is “symbolic.”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meaning

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. “You think what you can say” is the proposal of the mood-congruent hypothesis.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Media references are common because of the denotative means with which they are associated.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Relationships are developed and maintained through symbolic activity.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the relational context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Relational

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. In the communication field, God terms and Devil terms are absolutes for all people in the same society.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The management of people’s dignity or self-respect is known as face.

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facework

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Word connotations may vary across cultures.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The way in which you say something (nonverbally) to someone indexes the relationship.

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Relationships and Shared Meanings

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The nonessential function of talk happens when talk makes a relationship real or brings it into being.

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Relationships and Shared Meanings

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Relationships are developed and maintained through symbolic activity.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the relational context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Relationships and Shared Meanings

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Values encoded through words can be positive or negative.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The word ‘nice’ is an example of how values encoded through words can change over time.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Culture does not have an influence on the amount of cursing within a particular group.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultures Regulate Verbal Communication

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. When interacting with someone in a close relationship and when feeling relaxed, people are more likely to use high code.

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. When interacting with their professor, students are more likely to use low code.

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. A rocket scientist not breaking down and explaining complex words to her audience is an example of convergence.

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. A person moving toward the style of talk used by the other speaker is an example of convergence.

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. The denotative meaning includes the implications, overtones, and additional meanings associated with a word.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The connotative meaning is the idea that the names of objects and ideas make verbal distinctions.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. The elements of Burke’s dramatic pentad used to analyze stories are scene, agent, act, agency, purpose.

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The element of the pentad that focuses on how the act was accomplished is known as agent.

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Narratives and accounts may use more than one element of the pentad when framing outcomes or situations as inevitable.

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. When are words given meaning?

Learning Objective: 3.1: Identify several ways in which communication is “symbolic.”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Verbal Communication

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Why do people communicate differently depending upon the group they find themselves in?

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What was Kenneth Burke’s motivation for creating the pentad?

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Presentational

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Why would a person converge by using “company lingo” when speaking with a coworker?

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Verbal Communication and Frames

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Provide an example of a term or phrase that represents how a value encoded through words can change over time. Explain how that value has changed.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Provide an example of a term or phrase that represents how a value encoded through words can differ among people. Explain how that value is different among people.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Provide an example of feminine versus masculine talk.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Cultural

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Provide an example of high-context versus low-context talk.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Cultural

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Provide an example of conversational hypertext, as detailed by the text’s authors.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Relationships and Shared Meanings

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. How might Kenneth Burke’s concept of God and Devil terms not be viewed as absolute in communication?

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Explain how relationships regulate verbal communication.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the relational context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Relational

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Explain the difference between positive and negative face wants.

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Functions of Verbal Communication

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Why is it essential in conversation that people using the same words share the same world?

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Explain the politeness theory.

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Functions of Verbal Communication

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Why do people wish others to view them in a positive light?

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Functions of Verbal Communication

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Explain the instrumental function of talk.

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Relationships and Shared Meanings

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Explain the four aspects of how values are encoded through words.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Words and Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Explain how collectivist talk will differ from individualist talk in regard to a class group project.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the cultural context that clarifies verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Verbal Communication Is Cultural

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Explain the difference between high code and low code.

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Explain the difference between divergence and convergence.

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Analyze why it is important to use convergence with others.

Learning Objective: 3.5: Define the concept of “frames” for verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Analyze

Answer Location: Accommodation: Adjusting Relational Frames

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Explain the difference between the politeness strategies.

Learning Objective: 3.7: Define and be able to list several functions of verbal communication.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politeness Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. Explain the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Explain the term polysemy and give an example.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Explain the difference between approved terms and disapproved terms.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Demonstrate different ways in which verbal communication is given meaning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Explain the Burke’s elements of the Pentad.

Learning Objective: 3.6: Demonstrate more fully (than from Chapter 1) how verbal communication can be presentational and representational.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elements of the Pentad

Difficulty Level: Medium