Chapter 03
Cells
True / False Questions
1. | The basic framework of a cell membrane is a triple layer of lipid molecules.
True False |
2. | The genetic material (DNA) is the component of the cell that carries hereditary information.
True False |
3. | A lysosome is an example of a cellular organelle.
True False |
4. | Mitochondria manufacture proteins.
True False |
5. | In anaphase of mitosis, centromeres and duplicated parts of chromosomes separate.
True False |
6. | A cell that secretes abundant proteins, such as a cell in the pancreas secreting insulin, would have extra nuclei.
True False |
7. | A structure that transports secretions from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus is a vesicle.
True False |
8. | The Golgi apparatus contains DNA.
True False |
9. | An organelle that is a fluid-filled sac with inner partitions studded with enzymes is a mitochondrion.
True False |
10. | Interphase is a "time out" in the cell cycle, when the cell rests its synthetic activities.
True False |
11. | In osmosis, water diffuses down its concentration gradient.
True False |
12. | A 5 percent solution of glucose is isotonic to human cells.
True False |
13. | The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is called diffusion.
True False |
14. | A microfilament is made of tiny rods of actin protein.
True False |
15. | Too infrequent cell division can lead to cancer, whereas too frequent cell division can delay wound healing.
True False |
16. | During the metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up between the two centrioles.
True False |
17. | Specialized structures within cells are called organelles.
True False |
18. | A neuron and an astrocyte can descend from the same progenitor cell.
True False |
19. | In terms of cell lineages, a blood cell is more closely related to a bone cell than to a skin cell.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
20. | Cells in different tissues vary considerably. Which of the following determines a cell's specialized function?
A. | the number of cells of that type |
E. | the requirements of the body in a particular situation |
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21. | An adult human body has about
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22. | Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a
C. | network of interconnected membranes. |
D. | thread that sticks out from the cell membrane. |
E. | the genetic headquarters of the cell. |
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23. | Ribosomes are composed largely of protein and
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24. | A nucleolus is composed largely of
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25. | Vesicles are formed mainly by folding of the
D. | endoplasmic reticulum. |
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26. | A composite cell has three basic parts. They are the
A. | nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria. |
B. | cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm. |
C. | cell membrane, ion channels and cytoplasm. |
D. | nucleus, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. |
E. | centrioles, mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
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27. | Clusters of ribosomes in the cytoplasm are called
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28. | Two functions of the cell membrane are
A. | housing the DNA and accessing the DNA. |
B. | enabling the cell to communicate with and attach to other cells. |
C. | to produce and break down secretions. |
D. | to provide cellular energy and to produce mitochondria. |
E. | to move the cell and help it to divide. |
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29. | Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
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30. | The interior of a cell membrane is oily because
A. | the membrane drinks in oils. |
B. | the phospholipid tails are made of fatty acids. |
C. | the phospholipid heads are made of fatty acids. |
D. | the secretory network passes oils to the outside of the cell. |
E. | the secretory network captures oils from outside the cell. |
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31. | Membrane proteins are classified by their
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32. | A glycoprotein that extends from the surface of a cell may
A. | indicate whether protein synthesis is taking place in the cell. |
B. | combine with other glycoproteins to form cilia. |
C. | mark the cell as belonging to a particular type of tissue or organ in a particular person. |
D. | dip back inside the cell if a person contracts an infection. |
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33. | The rods and tubules of the cytoskeleton are built of
E. | endoplasmic reticulum. |
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34. | Which type of cell has many mitochondria?
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35. | The activity that takes place on ribosomes is
C. | carbohydrate synthesis. |
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36. | The organelle that houses enzymes that degrade cellular debris is the
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37. | A type of cell that has a flagellum is a(n)
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38. | A cell membrane is composed mostly of
B. | carbohydrates and lipids. |
C. | proteins and nucleic acids. |
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39. | Attached to the surfaces of rough endoplasmic reticulum are
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40. | The process that kidneys use to cleanse blood is
D. | facilitated diffusion. |
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41. | A ligand is a molecule that enters a cell using
C. | receptor-mediated endocytosis. |
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42. | A centrosome consists of two structures called
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43. | If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside
A. | water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis. |
B. | water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis. |
C. | glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis. |
D. | glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis. |
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44. | Movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon
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45. | If a solution outside of a cell contains a greater concentration of dissolved particles than the contents of the cell, the solution is said to be
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46. | Which of the following cellular transport processes requires the greatest expenditure of cellular energy?
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47. | Which of the following processes uses specific carrier molecules?
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48. | Mitochondria
B. | release energy from glucose molecules. |
C. | digest lipid molecules. |
E. | can substitute for nuclei. |
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49. | Which of the following is isotonic to red blood cells?
A. | 0.9 percent NaCl solution |
C. | 0.9 percent glucose solution |
D. | 0.5 percent glucose solution |
E. | 1.4 percent galactose solution |
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50. | The process by which glucose can pass through a membrane using special carrier proteins is called
A. | facilitated transport. |
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51. | The mechanism of membrane transport that requires an input of energy is
C. | facilitated diffusion. |
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52. | The process that moves sodium ions from an area of relatively low concentration inside a cell to an area of higher concentration outside the cell is called
B. | facilitated diffusion. |
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53. | Tiny droplets of fluid can enter and cross a cell membrane from the outside in a process called
E. | receptor-mediated endocytosis. |
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54. | The series of changes that a cell undergoes from when it forms to when it divides is called
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55. | Nerve cells release neurotransmitters using
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56. | An organelle type that is built of microtubules and fringes the free surfaces of certain cell types is a
D. | endoplasmic reticulum. |
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57. | White blood cells that take in particles and cellular debris are termed
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58. | Adrenoleukodystrophy is an inborn error of metabolism that causes brain degeneration starting at age 5 or 6. The defect is in peroxisomes, organelles that
B. | enable a cell to extract energy from nutrient molecules. |
C. | enable a cell to move. |
D. | house several types of enzymes. |
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59. | Centromeres pull apart during
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60. | A typical cell has ion channels that number in the
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61. | Which of the following lists includes the phases of mitosis in the correct sequence?
A. | Prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase |
B. | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
C. | Telophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase |
D. | Anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase |
E. | Meiosis, mitosis, apoptosis |
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62. | Because of mitosis and cytoplasmic division, the resulting cells have
A. | identical chromosomes but different DNA information. |
B. | identical DNA information but different chromosomes. |
C. | identical chromosomes and identical DNA information. |
D. | different chromosomes and different DNA information. |
E. | random numbers of chromosomes. |
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63. | Cells that retain the ability to divide without specializing are called
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64. | During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes
A. | line up between the centrioles. |
B. | unwind to form chromatin. |
C. | migrate to opposite poles of the cell. |
D. | are surrounded by a nuclear membrane. |
E. | are selectively released from the cell. |
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65. | Apoptosis is
B. | a form of cell division. |
C. | an abnormal form of development. |
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66. | Which of the following is NOT a characteristic step in a cell undergoing apoptosis?
A. | The cell rounds up and bulges. |
B. | The cell retains the ability to divide continuously. |
C. | Chromatin condenses and enzymes cut the chromosomes into equal-sized pieces. |
D. | The cell shatters into membrane enclosed fragments. |
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67. | Which of the following describes a cleavage furrow?
A. | Cellular constriction that occurs during interphase |
B. | Cellular constriction that occurs towards the end of mitosis |
C. | Cellular constriction that forms four cells from one |
D. | A partitioning of the nucleus |
E. | Cellular constriction that forms as mitosis begins |
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68. | In Krabbe disease, an enzyme is abnormal or absent in the
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69. | The phases of the cell cycle are
A. | interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis. |
B. | interphase, mitosis and meiosis. |
C. | prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. |
D. | intraphase, meiosis and telophase. |
E. | different in different cell types. |
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70. | The spread of cancer cells beyond the tissue where they originated is called
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71. | Tina has a sunburn. A week later, the skin on her burnt shoulder peels away. The cells are undergoing
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72. | Cells that are long and have threadlike extensions that conduct electrical impulses from one part of the body to another are most likely to be ________.
D. | connective tissue cells. |
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True / False Questions
73. | The three-dimensional form of a cell affects its ability to perform its function.
True False |
74. | Most cells contain only the parts of DNA necessary to perform the cell's specific functions.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
75. | Which is NOT one of the three main parts of a cell?
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76. | The inner liquid portion of a cell's contents is called ________.
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True / False Questions
77. | All integral proteins extend through the plasma membrane and protrude on both sides.
True False |
Fill in the Blank Questions
78. | Vesicles that deliver proteins and lipids to other cells are called _______.
________________________________________ |
True / False Questions
79. | Nuclear pores are channels composed of tubulin, a single protein that also forms microfilaments.
True False |
Fill in the Blank Questions
80. | Within the nucleoplasm, ribosomes are formed in a small dense body called the _________.
________________________________________ |
True / False Questions
81. | Diffusion may take place even when a concentration gradient is absent.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
82. | The level of carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, is higher ________ the cell.
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83. | Glucose is a polar molecule that requires a carrier protein in order to diffuse through the plasma membrane's non-polar barrier. Diffusion of substances that require carrier proteins is known as ____________.
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Fill in the Blank Questions
84. | If an isotonic saline solution is 0.9% NaCl, a 0.25% NaCl solution would be __________.
________________________________________ |
85. | If a 5% dextrose solution is isotonic to blood, a 2% dextrose solution would be __________.
________________________________________ |
86. | Ringer's solution is isotonic to blood; it contains different concentrations of various solutes whose concentrations are often expressed in mEq/L, or milliEquivalents per Liter. If ringer's has a total solute concentration of approximately 300 mEq/L, then a solution of 500 mEq/L would be _______ to the blood.
________________________________________ |
Multiple Choice Questions
87. | Which organelle in the list is a membranous sac formed by budding off sections of the Golgi membrane?
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True / False Questions
88. | Among other functions, lysosomes detoxify alcohol and break down hydrogen peroxide.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
89. | If impermeant solutes are present in greater concentration in intracellular fluid, which statement is true?
A. | Water will move into the cell. |
B. | Water will move out of the cell. |
C. | Impermeant solute will move into the cell. |
D. | Impermeant solute will move out of the cell. |
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True / False Questions
90. | Receptor mediated endocytosis is another name for facilitated diffusion.
True False |
91. | Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is by diffusion.
True False |
92. | The movement of glucose through a cell membrane is by facilitated diffusion.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
93. | Neurotransmitter release is an example of _________.
A. | receptor-mediated transcytosis |
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94. | Which is an example of filtration?
A. | distilled water entering a cell |
B. | cell removing cholesterol from its surrounding |
C. | uptake of water and solutes by body cells |
D. | molecules leaving blood capillaries |
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95. | Most types of human cells divide how many times?
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96. | Normally, these cells do not divide.
E. | cells of the small intestine |
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97. | When telomeres shorten to a certain length, __________.
A. | the cell stops dividing |
B. | centrioles are duplicated |
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True / False Questions
98. | Studies show that chronic psychological or emotional stress as well as clinical depression or obesity can stimulate telomere lengthening.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
99. | In this phase of the cell cycle, DNA is replicated as the cell grows and protein synthesis occurs.
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100. | In this type of cell division, chromosome number is reduced by half.
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True / False Questions
101. | In prophase, DNA is tightly coiled into darkly staining structures called chromatin.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
102. | G1, S, and G2 are all parts of ____________.
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Fill in the Blank Questions
103. | During _______, chromatids separate and become chromosomes that are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell.
________________________________________ |
104. | The final stage of mitosis is _______.
________________________________________ |
105. | Cells that retain the ability to divide repeatedly without specializing are called ________ cells.
________________________________________ |
True / False Questions
106. | All differentiated cell types in a human body arise through lineages of stem and progenitor cells.
True False |