Chapter 3

Learning Gender

1. True/False Gender can be defined as the biological organization of sexual difference.
2. True/False Medical practitioners try to “fix” intersex children by surgically altering them to fit into binary categories.
3. True/False Mars is associated with femininity and Venus with masculinity.
4. True/False Transgender people are individuals who identify as gay or lesbian.
5. True/False A key aspect of femininity is its division into two aspects: mother and housewife.
6. True/False Femininity has been transformed more than masculinity in contemporary US society.
7. True/False Genderqueer refers to people who are born with both female and male genitalia.
8. True/False David and Brannon’s “sturdy oak” is an example of the masculine provider role.
9. True/False Cisgender is another term for androgyny.
10. True/False Pink as a color has always been associated with femininity.
11. Female relates to the concept of sex as what term relates to the concept of gender?

a. Male

b. Masculine

c. Feminine

d. Androgyny

13. The sissy/tomboy exercise illustrates

a. Gender ambiguity

b. Misogyny

c. Horizontal hostility

d. Gender ranking

14. The process by which we learn gender is known as

a. Gender socialization

b. Gender proficiency

c. Gender ambiguity

d. Gender condonement

15. Fill in the blank from the concepts below, indicating your answer on this list of concepts. __________________is usually given to us at birth and determined by our physical body type to be male or female. It is decided by doctors and parents as the first classification an individual receives.

a. Gender performance

b. Gender expression

c. Gender assignment

d. Gender identity

16. To be transgender is to

a. Push against gender boundaries

b. Be homosexual

c. Be androgynous

d. Both (a) and (d)

e. Both (b) and (c)

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

17. A person who displays a lack of gender differentiation or a blending of gender is known as

a. Transsexual

b. Androgynous

c. Androcentric

d. Transvestite

18. The dimension of masculinity associated with machismo relates to which of David and Brannon’s dictates of masculinity?

a. Big wheel

b. The sturdy oak

c. Give ‘em hell

d. Both (a) and (b)

e. Both (b) and (c)

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

19. A discussion of the ways gender interacts with other aspects of difference illustrates

a. Biological determinism

b. Intersexuality

c. Intersectionality

d. Both (a) and (b)

e. Both (b) and (c)

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

20. Gender is best understood as

a. Innate

b. Genetic

c. Heteronormative

d. Performative

21. The fact that there are many communities across history and culture that have recognized more than two genders means

a. The binary gender system is socially constructed

b. Cultural models exist for accepting and celebrating multiple genders

c. Cisgender people aren’t inherently normal

d. Transgender people aren’t inherently abnormal

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

22. The practice of asking for a person’s pronouns indicates which of the following?

a. An unforgivable nosiness

b. An increasing number of people who refuse to take the gender binary for granted

c. A lack of understanding about how language works

d. Both (a) and (b)

e. Both (b) and (c)

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

23. An analysis of gender norms benefits women and men because such analysis shows which of the following?

a. Gender norms for men and women differ across race and class

b. Gender norms for men and women are defined in opposition to one another

c. Gender norms for men and women differ across time and culture

d. Gender norms for men and women are socially constructed

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

Reading 17 “The Five Sexes, Revisited” Anne Fausto-Sterling

1. True/False “The Five Sexes, Revisited” by Anne Fausto-Sterling makes the case for gay liberation in the U.S.
2. True/False The speaker featured in Anne Fausto-Sterling’s article “The Five Sexes, Revisited” received a relatively positive reception at the Pediatric Endocrine Society conference as a result of her talk about the need to change current medical practice of intersexual gender assignment.
3. According to “The Five Sexes, Revisited” by Anne Fausto-Sterling, approximately what percentage of intersex children are born annually?

a. 0.7

b. 1.7

c. 2.7

d. 3.7%

4. The physician featured in Anne Fausto-Sterling’s article “The Five Sexes, Revisited” who encouraged early gender reassignment was named

a. Cheryl Chase

b. John Colapinto

c. Lawrence McCullough

d. John Money

1. The article “The Five Sexes, Revisited” by Anne Fausto-Sterling focuses on
2. Androgyny
3. Bisexuality
4. Intersexuality
5. All of the above
6. None of the above
7. In “The Five Sexes, Revisited” by Anne Fausto-Sterling argues that the best way to describing the relationship between sex and gender is
   1. Binary
   2. Continuum
   3. Points on a multidimensional space
   4. Perimeter
8. Proposed “gender rights” include which of the following?
   1. Right to define one’s own gender
   2. Right to change one’s physical gender
   3. Right to marry whomever one wishes
   4. Both (a) and (b)
   5. Both (b) and (c)
   6. All of the above
   7. None of the above
9. Anne Fausto-Sterling’s discussion of the ways that our understanding of intersexuality has changed in recent years demonstrates that
   1. Gender norms are unchanging
   2. Gender norms are socially constructed
   3. Bisexuality is a relatively new phenomenon
   4. Both (a) and (b)
   5. Both (b) and (c)
   6. All of the above
   7. None of the above

Reading 18 “The Social Construction of Gender” Judith Lorber

1. True/False Gender stratification implies the same as gender ranking (Judith Lorber/“The Social Construction of Gender”).
2. True/False In “The Social Construction of Gender,” Judith Lorber writes that the continuing purpose of contemporary gender is to organize human society.
3. According to Judith Lorber in “The Social Construction of Gender,” the “paradox of human nature” implies

a. Biology shapes destiny

b. Humans shape our own destiny

c. Culture shapes destiny

d. All of the above

4. According to Judith Lorber in “The Social Construction of Gender,”

a. “The social is the unnatural”

b. “The social is the natural”

c. “The social is the heteronormative”

d. Both (a) and (b)

e. Both (b) and (c)

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

5. According to Judith Lorber in “The Social Construction of Gender,” the categories of sex, gender, and sexuality are powerful because they

a. Are socially constructed

b. Form the core or bedrock of human nature

c. Must be guarded

d. Govern our lives

Reading 19 “Native American Men-Women, Lesbians, Two-Spirits: Contemporary and Historical Perspectives” Sabine Lang

1. True/False In her article “Native American Men-Women, Lesbians, Two-Spirits” Sabine Lang defines two-spirit as both an important part of the history of Native peoples and a radical vision for a decolonized future.
2. True/False Sabine Lang (“Native American Men-Women, Lesbians, Two-Spirits”) argues that historically, Native American cultures had systems of multiple genders.
3. True/False According to Sabine Lang (“Native American Men-Women, Lesbians, Two-Spirits”), an important aspect of two-spirit identity is that two-spirit people identify first as “gay” and then as “Native.”
4. Sabine Long’s discussion presence of men-women and women-men in Native cultures in her article “Native American Men-Women, Lesbians, Two-Spirits” shows that Western concepts of sexual relationships and gender are
5. Universal
6. Not universal
7. Existential
8. Not existential
9. Sabine Lang (“Native American Men-Women, Lesbians, Two-Spirits”) argues that two-spirit identities existed within many different
   1. Tribes
   2. Urban areas
   3. Christian teachings
   4. Both (a) and (b)
   5. Both (b) and (c)
   6. None of the above
   7. All of the above
10. In her article “Native American Men-Women, Lesbians, Two-Spirits,” Sabine Lang maintains that the presence of two-spirit peoples in Native Tribes was historically used to justify colonizing practices such as
    1. Legitimization of conquest
    2. Legitimization of colonialism
    3. Forced conversion to Christianity
    4. Both (a) and (b)
    5. Both (b) and (c)
    6. All of the above
    7. None of the above

Reading 20 “The Connection Between White Men, Aggrievement, and Mass Shootings” Arvind Dilawar

1. True/False At least 57% of mass shootings are committed by white men (Arvind Dilawar/“The Connection Between White Men, Aggrievement, and Mass Shootings”).
2. True/False Michael Kimmel defines “aggrieved entitlement” as the anger that white women feel when they “follow the rules” of capitalist patriarchy but don’t receive the expected rewards (Arvind Dilawar/“The Connection Between White Men, Aggrievement, and Mass Shootings”).
3. True/False In “The Connection Between White Men, Aggrievement, and Mass Shootings,” Arvind Dilawar argues that “aggrieved whiteness” has its roots in white supremacy.
4. In “The Connection Between White Men, Aggrievement, and Mass Shootings,” Arvind Dilawar notes that men who feel a sense of “aggrieved entitlement” blame the members of which group(s) for their problems?

a. Feminists

b. Immigrants

c. Members of the LGBTQ community

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

1. According to Arvind Dilawar (“The Connection Between White Men, Aggrievement, and Mass Shootings”), many perpetrators of recent mass shootings want to

a. Commit “suicide by mass murder”

b. Ignite a civil war

c. Show their hidden femininity

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

Reading 21 “When I Was Growing Up” Nellie Wong

1. True/False In the poem “When I Was Growing Up” by Nellie Wong, the protagonist hated thinking of herself as an exotic flower.
2. The protagonists in Nellie Wong’s poem “When I Was Growing Up” longed to be

a. An American

b. Thin

c. White

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

3. The protagonist of Nellie Wong’s poem “When I Was Growing Up” was ashamed of

a. Chinese men

b. Chinese women

c. Her mixed race family

d. The rich white girls

4. The protagonist of Nellie Wong’s poem “When I Was Growing Up” was taught that performing gender appropriately as an American meant

a. Having pale skin

b. Owning particular clothes

c. Fitting in

d. Leaving Chinatown

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

e. None of the above

1. In “When I Was Growing Up” by Nellie Wong, the protagonist’s aspiration to “fit the stereotype of the Asian chick” is an example of

a. Gender ranking across gender categories

b. Gender ranking within gender categories

c. A nontarget group member being invisible

d. A nontarget group member being visible

Reading 22 “TransForming College Masculinities: Carving Out TransMasculine Pathways Through the Threshold of Dominance” T.J. Jourian

1. True/False Men and masculinities studies is part of the conservative men’s rights backlash against feminism (T.J. Jourian/“Transforming College Masculinities”).
2. True/False Hegemonic masculinity is the pattern of practice that allows men’s domination over women to continue (T.J. Jourian/“Transforming College Masculinities”).

1. True/False Genderism is a cultural and systemic ideology that regulates gender as an essentialized binary based on sex assignment at birth (T.J. Jourian/“Transforming College Masculinities”).
2. True/False T.J. Jourian does not self-identify as transmasculine in “Transforming College Masculinities.”
3. The table of study participants on p. 141 of T.J. Jourian’s article “Transforming College Masculinities” shows which the following?

a. Participants use a wide variety of pronouns

b. Participants label their sexualities in various ways

c. Participants all come from similar SES backgrounds

d. Participants all noted that they have some type of disability

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

1. In the article “Transforming College Masculinities,” T.J. Jourian reports that many participants learned dominant masculinities from their
   1. Teachers
   2. Coaches
   3. Fathers
   4. Both (a) and (b)
   5. Both (b) and (c)
   6. All of the above
   7. None of the above
2. T.J. Jourian’s study, described in the article “Transforming College Masculinities,” reveals the which of the following about negotiating masculinity?
   1. Transmasculine students of color revealed that they explicitly thought about the ways that race shaped their masculinity
   2. Transmasculine students noted that they carefully considered different aspects of hegemonic masculinity as they searched for their own expression of masculinity
   3. Transmasculine students found pathways that that allowed them to create their own understanding of masculinity
   4. Transmasculine students found that having mentors on campus helped them to create their own understanding of masculinity
   5. Both (a) and (b)
   6. Both (c) and (d)
   7. All of the above
   8. None of the above