Ch3 Full Test Bank Understanding The Role Of Culture - International Management 10e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Helen Deresky by Helen Deresky. DOCX document preview.
International Management, 10e, (Deresky/Miller)
Chapter 3 Understanding the Role of Culture
1) Which term refers to the collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another?
A) history
B) culture
C) politics
D) norms
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
2) ________ is an outsider's capability to relate and work effectively across cultures.
A) Multicultural sensitivity
B) Cultural accommodation
C) Multicultural transfer
D) Cultural intelligence
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
3) ________ is the awareness of and an honest caring about another individual's culture.
A) Cultural accommodation
B) Cultural sensitivity
C) Cultural sympathy
D) Cultural quotient
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
4) When immigrants adopt some aspects of the local culture while keeping aspects of their culture of origin, this process is called ________.
A) stereotyping
B) particularism
C) creolization
D) ethnocentrism
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
5) According to contingency management, international managers need to ________.
A) transfer home-country business practices to the local environment
B) adapt their management styles to the local setting and people
C) determine the extent to which locals will accept unequal power
D) provide training to locals before transferring new technology
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
6) Cultural sensitivity is also known as ________.
A) cultural empathy
B) cultural intelligence
C) cultural quotient
D) cultural diffusion
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
7) Global managers who exhibit cultural intelligence and cultural sensitivity will most likely be able to ________.
A) negotiate effectively in expatriate assignments
B) request bonuses for overseas job assignments
C) implement technological changes quickly
D) conduct efficient performance appraisals
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
8) Which of the following is a primary reason for failed expatriate assignments?
A) universalism
B) cross-cultural differences
C) particularism
D) economic barriers
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
9) ________ refers to the values, beliefs, customs, arts, and other products of human thought and work that characterize the people of a given society.
A) Ethnicity
B) Heritage
C) Culture
D) Race
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
10) Globalization, in all its forms of personal and business contacts and information crossing borders, brings about changes that result in ________.
A) individualism
B) enculturation
C) acculturation
D) cultural diffusion
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
11) Which of the following is NOT categorized as a sociocultural variable of culture?
A) religion
B) language
C) education
D) economic system
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
12) Which of the following represents the expectations, norms, and goals held within a region or nation?
A) cultural variable
B) societal culture
C) organizational culture
D) organizational system
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
13) An organization where employees typically wear casual clothes and interact casually is most likely to have a(n) ________ organizational culture.
A) hierarchical
B) formal
C) rules-bound
D) informal
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
14) Which of the following is a drawback of organizational culture?
A) dishonesty toward organization
B) reduced cooperation
C) lack of commitment
D) overly domestic focus
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
15) Which of the following is an advantage of organizational culture?
A) loyalty
B) tendency to adopt changes quickly
C) excessive domestic focus
D) individuality
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
16) ________ is the phenomenon of the shifting of individual management styles to become more similar to one another.
A) Parochialism
B) Particularism
C) Stereotyping
D) Convergence
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
17) The unconscious reference point of one's own cultural values is called a ________.
A) self-reference criterion
B) cultural distance criterion
C) cross cultural literacy
D) cultural conversion
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
18) The first step for an international manager toward cultural sensitivity should be to understand his or her own culture. This awareness helps protect from adopting a(n) ________ attitude.
A) polycentric
B) stereotypical
C) ethnocentric
D) convergence
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
19) Canada consists of distinct groups such as Anglophones, Francophones, and indigenous Canadians. This is an example of ________.
A) subculture
B) stereotyping
C) cultural diffusion
D) convergence
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
20) Which of the following terms refers to the expectation that foreigners should automatically fall into host-country patterns of behavior?
A) geocentrism
B) nationalism
C) parochialism
D) ethnocentrism
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
21) ________ refers to the belief that the practices of one's own country are best no matter where or under what conditions they are applied.
A) Geocentrism
B) Nationalism
C) Parochialism
D) Ethnocentrism
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
22) Stereotyping should most likely be avoided by international managers because ________.
A) current variables of culture are grossly inaccurate
B) many cultures have diverse subcultures
C) many countries outlaw the practice
D) national culture is nonexistent
Difficulty: 3: Challenging
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
23) ________ refers to the assumption that every member of a society or subculture has the same characteristics or traits without regard to individual differences.
A) Diversification
B) Posturing
C) Stereotyping
D) Parochialism
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
24) According to Harris and Moran, which of the following is NOT a category that forms the subsystems in any society?
A) societal system
B) health system
C) education system
D) political system
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
25) The main purpose of Harris and Moran's eight categories is ________.
A) to show how subsystems in a society affect an individual's behavior
B) to emphasize how stereotyping can be used for learning about different cultures
C) to show how subcultures are beginning to converge with broader cultures
D) to indicate that global managers should adapt to subordinates from other cultures
Difficulty: 3: Challenging
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
26) According to Harris and Moran's eight categories, a kinship system refers to the influence of ________.
A) workplace relations
B) religious activities
C) family relationships
D) formal groups
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
27) Which of the following subsystems is most likely to underlie both moral and economic norms, and influences everyday business transactions and on the job behaviors?
A) kinship system
B) political system
C) religious system
D) education system
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
28) Which of the following terms refers to a society's ideas and convictions about what is good or bad and right or wrong?
A) regulations
B) values
C) rules
D) procedures
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
29) Which of the following is a cultural dimension identified by the GLOBE Project team?
A) assertiveness
B) collectivism
C) individualism
D) fatalism
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
30) Sweden and Japan tend to prefer warm and cooperative relations and harmony. Therefore, according to the GLOBE project, Austria and Germany are most likely to be a(n) ________ societies.
A) accommodative
B) cooperative
C) humane-oriented
D) less assertive
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
31) Which of the following is true of a future-oriented country?
A) It focuses on short-term planning.
B) It emphasizes solidarity.
C) focuses on planning and investing in the future.
D) It emphasizes instant gratification.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
32) According to the GLOBE project, which of the following cultural dimensions measures the extent to which a society encourages and rewards people for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind?
A) humane orientation
B) assertiveness
C) future orientation
D) performance orientation
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
33) People in Singapore and Switzerland are inclined toward long-term planning. According to the GLOBE project, such societies score high on ________.
A) performance orientation
B) assertiveness
C) humane orientation
D) future orientation
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
34) Managers from Singapore, Hong Kong, and the United States tend to take initiative and have a sense of urgency, and the confidence to get things done. According to the GLOBE project, such managers score high on the cultural dimension of ________.
A) humane orientation
B) future orientation
C) performance orientation
D) assertiveness
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
35) Celgene Corporation, a large pharmaceutical firm based in Texas, wants to establish its presence by expanding overseas. The company's executives evaluate locations across the world for the most suitable place to build the latest Celgene manufacturing facility. Which of the following, if true, best supports the argument that Celgene should build its new facility in Ireland?
A) Expanding into a similar culture reduces risks associated with different attitudes, values, and communication styles.
B) Celgene's main competitor received government incentives for building a new manufacturing facility in the United Kingdom.
C) Collectivist societies like Ireland encourage the individual achievement necessary for scientific advancements in pharmaceuticals.
D) Particularistic cultures apply rules and systems objectively, which is important within the Celgene organizational culture.
Difficulty: 3: Challenging
Chapter: 3
Skill: Application
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Analytical thinking
36) All of the following are value dimensions proposed by Hofstede EXCEPT ________.
A) uncertainty avoidance
B) assertiveness
C) power distance
D) individualism
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
37) Workplaces in high power distance cultures will most likely be characterized by ________.
A) flexible schedules
B) autocratic leadership
C) loosely defined chains of command
D) open communication of ideas
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
38) According to Hofstede's framework, organizations which have cultures that score high on ________ tend to be more hierarchical, with power deriving from prestige, force, and inheritance.
A) uncertainty avoidance
B) power distance
C) short-term orientation
D) femininity
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
39) According to Hofstede's framework, a culture with large power distance tends to be characterized by ________.
A) inequality between superiors and subordinates
B) the absence of any form of hierarchy
C) power derived from hard work and entrepreneurial drive
D) a preference for individualism over collectivism
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
40) According to Hofstede, societies that accept strong hierarchical boss-subordinate relationships are high on ________.
A) uncertainty avoidance
B) collectivism
C) individualism
D) power distance
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
41) Firms with high power distance are most likely to be characterized by ________.
A) concentrated power among executives and little autonomy for subordinates
B) an equal distribution of power among executives, managers, and lower-level employees
C) a minimal gap between the powerful and the weak
D) a highly flexible work environment
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
42) Kathleen, a social worker from the United States, has been stationed in Mexico for a year. She notices several things about the Mexican society; the people who report to her, for example, do so with an excessive amount of submissiveness, and her superior seems to expect the same of her. Which of the following statements about Mexico would be consistent with Hofstede's framework?
A) Mexican's work best in an informal environment.
B) Mexico has a large power distance culture.
C) Mexican society is primarily individualistic.
D) Mexican's derive power from their entrepreneurial drive.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
43) John notices that organizations in China tend to be hierarchical with power derived from prestige and force. Which of the following statements is consistent with her observation?
A) Chinese society considers caste system and class system a myth.
B) Chinese men are subordinate to Chinese women.
C) China scores high on the power distance dimension.
D) China owes its success to its individualistic society.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
44) According to Hofstede's framework, a culture with ________ values security and places its faith in strong systems of rules and procedures in society.
A) large uncertainty avoidance
B) low power distance
C) short-term orientation
D) high individualism
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
45) John learned that organizations in Saudi Arabia emphasizes loyalty to the family and tribe and that ties among individuals are highly valued. Based on Harold's observation, Saudi Arabia is ________.
A) a collectivist culture
B) an individualistic culture
C) characterized by low power distance
D) a feminine culture
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
46) According to Hofstede, the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family and to place less emphasis on the needs of the society is known as ________.
A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) individualism
D) masculinity
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
47) Based on Hofstede's value dimensions, countries that have strict laws and procedures to which their people adhere closely most likely have ________.
A) high power distance
B) high masculinity
C) high uncertainty avoidance
D) high individualism
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
48) Based on Hofstede's value dimensions, countries in which nationalism is less pronounced, protests are tolerated, and job mobility is common are high on ________.
A) power distance
B) collectivism
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) masculinity
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
49) Which of the following is characteristic of collectivist societies?
A) In collectivist societies, each person tends to focus on his or her own self-interest.
B) In collectivist societies, compromise and conformity help maintain group harmony.
C) In collectivist societies, ties among people are relatively loose.
D) In collectivist societies, those who compete best are rewarded financially.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
50) Which of the following is a primary characteristic of masculine societies?
A) individualistic
B) emphasis on group achievements
C) tight social frameworks
D) lack of gender bias
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
51) Which of the following is true of countries with low masculinity?
A) more job conflicts
B) increase in work-related stress
C) tend to exhibit high power distance
D) lack of concern for others
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
52) Which of the following is NOT one of Trompenaars's value dimensions?
A) universalism versus particularism
B) neutral versus affective
C) specific versus diffuse
D) intrinsic versus extrinsic
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
53) According to Trompenaars's value dimensions, which of the following is true of the universalistic approach?
A) It emphasizes applying rules and systems objectively.
B) It focuses on expressing emotions openly.
C) It emphasizes relationships.
D) It focuses on separating work and private life.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
54) Based on Trompenaars's value dimensions, which of the following is a characteristic of the particularistic approach?
A) application of rules and systems
B) open expression of emotions
C) more likely to pass on insider information
D) opportunity to achieve status
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
55) In which of the following societies are people more likely to apply rules and systems objectively without consideration for individual circumstances?
A) particularistic
B) universalistic
C) neutral
D) affective
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
56) According to Trompenaars's value dimensions, which of the following focuses on the emotional orientation of relationships?
A) universalism versus particularism
B) neutral versus affective
C) specific versus diffuse
D) achievement versus ascription
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
57) Managers from Italy, Greece, China and Mexico would most likely express their emotions openly during a business situation, while managers from England, Germany and Japan would most likely consider such behavior unprofessional. Which of the following Trompenaars's value dimensions explains this difference in behavior and attitude?
A) universalism versus particularism
B) neutral versus affective
C) specific versus diffuse
D) achievement versus ascription
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
58) Based on Trompenaars's value dimensions, in which of the following cultures do managers separate their work and private lives, and tend to be open and direct when communicating with coworkers?
A) diffuse-oriented
B) specific-oriented
C) universalistic
D) particularistic
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
59) Which of the following Trompenaars's value dimensions explains the source of power and status in society?
A) universalism versus particularism
B) neutral versus affective
C) specific versus diffuse
D) achievement versus ascription
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
60) According to Trompenaars's value dimensions, if you are born and raised in an achievement society, your source of status will most likely be based upon your ________.
A) father's occupation
B) age
C) how well you perform on the job
D) gender
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Application
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Analytical thinking
61) Which of the following is true of the way Arabs view time?
A) Deadlines and firm commitments are crucial to Arabs.
B) Arabs view time as a valuable and limited resource.
C) Arabs believe important decisions cannot be rushed.
D) Arabs honor deadlines by all means.
Difficulty: 3: Challenging
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
62) Which of the following is true of the attitude toward work in Mexican culture?
A) Work is a sacred duty.
B) Group harmony at work is essential to success.
C) Workers are primarily focused on the future.
D) Leisure time is more important than work.
Difficulty: 3: Challenging
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
63) Which of the following factors can cause changes in traditional, non-Western societies?
A) media exposure
B) religious activities
C) stereotyping
D) self-reference criterion
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
64) Which of the following factors primarily determines how the Internet is used in different countries?
A) local connection speeds
B) availability of personal computer parlors
C) local attitude to information privacy
D) extent of intercultural communication systems
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-3: To understand the interaction between culture and the use of the Internet
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
65) The German preference for closed doors and private space as evidence of the affinity for compartmentalization in organizations and in their own lives most likely stems from its ________.
A) foreign business practices
B) global nature of information technology
C) culture and history
D) competitive origins
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-4: To be able to develop a working cultural profile typical of many people within a certain society as an aid to anticipating attitudes toward work, negotiations and so on
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
66) Based on the study conducted by Harris and Moran, which of the following is NOT a workplace behavior of most Americans?
A) following a formal culture
B) being highly organized and institutionally minded
C) having a strong work ethic
D) being competitive and aggressive
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-4: To be able to develop a working cultural profile typical of many people within a certain society as an aid to anticipating attitudes toward work, negotiations and so on
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
67) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Arab culture?
A) emphasis on hospitality
B) imposition of deadlines
C) five times a day prayer pattern
D) indirect communication style
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-4: To be able to develop a working cultural profile typical of many people within a certain society as an aid to anticipating attitudes toward work, negotiations and so on
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
68) With regard to small family businesses in China, a "guanxi" can be described as a ________.
A) family hierarchy that determines who receives profits
B) competitive management style based on Confucian values
C) network of relationships centered on mutual obligations and favors
D) combination of modern and traditional methods for managing employees
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-4: To be able to develop a working cultural profile typical of many people within a certain society as an aid to anticipating attitudes toward work, negotiations and so on
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
69) Cultural intelligence is also known as cultural quotient.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
70) Ethnocentricity facilitates the establishment of new businesses abroad.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
71) An ethnocentric attitude requires the willingness to put oneself in another's shoes.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
72) Creolization is the process where immigrants completely disregard all aspects of the local culture.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
73) Organizational culture represents the expectations, norms, and goals held in common by members of a specific group.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
74) Societal culture tends to be stronger than organizational culture.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
75) An organization where employees typically wear casual clothes and interact casually is most likely to have an informal organizational culture.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
76) Parochialism describes the attitude of those who operate from the assumption that their ways of doing things are best.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
77) Contingency management requires managers to adapt to the local environment and people, and to manage accordingly.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
78) Values are a society's ideas about what is good or bad.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
79) Values determine how individuals will probably respond in any given circumstance.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Application of knowledge
80) According to the GLOBE project team, highly assertive societies emphasize loyalty and solidarity.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
81) Future-oriented societies tend to place more emphasis on instant gratification.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
82) According to the GLOBE project team, Russia and Argentina, that tend to plan more in the shorter term and place more emphasis on instant gratification.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
83) According to the GLOBE project team, the Philippines, Ireland, Malaysia, and Egypt, indicate a focus on sympathy and support for vulnerable members of society, so they rank low on the humane orientation cultural dimension.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
84) Multinational corporations may find it less risky and more profitable to expand into more similar cultures rather than those which are drastically different.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
85) Most researchers feel that there is not a relationship between geographic cultural clusters and their similar economic systems, histories, or environmental characteristics.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
86) In countries that display low power distance employees acknowledge the boss's authority simply by respecting that individual's formal position in the hierarchy, and they seldom bypass the chain of command.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
87) Countries with a high level of uncertainty avoidance (such as Japan, Portugal, and Greece) tend to have strict laws and procedures to which their people adhere closely, and a strong sense of nationalism prevails.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
88) Cultures that score low on uncertainty avoidance tend to be less open to change and new ideas.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
89) Achievement and personal capabilities are valued in individualistic societies.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
90) In collectivist societies, competition for resources is the norm, and those who compete best are rewarded financially.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
91) In highly masculine societies, social gender roles are distinct such that women are expected to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success; men are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
92) Assertiveness and materialism are values of a feminine society.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
93) In specific-oriented cultures, work spills over into personal relationships and vice versa.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
94) In an ascription-oriented society, people ascribe status based on class, age, gender, and so on; one is more likely to be born into a position of influence.
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
95) In an achievement society, the source of status and influence is based on individual achievement—how well one performs the job and what level of education and experience one has to offer.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
96) Cultural values and attitudes can be transmitted through a variety of sources including parents, teachers, friends, government leaders, movies, television, and the Internet.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-3: To understand the interaction between culture and the use of the Internet
AACSB: Information technology
97) The Internet and other communications technologies imply greater likelihood of cross-cultural miscommunications and blunder.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-3: To understand the interaction between culture and the use of the Internet
AACSB: Information technology
98) For Germans, work lives and private lives are much more closely integrated than those of Westerners, so they emphasize enjoying life and have a more relaxed attitude toward work.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-4: To be able to develop a working cultural profile typical of many people within a certain society as an aid to anticipating attitudes toward work, negotiations and so on
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
99) Language is one of the strongest elements of Brazil's national unity. Nearly 100 percent of the population speaks Spanish.
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Application
LO: 3-5: To gain some insight into different management styles around the world
AACSB: Written and oral communication
100) What is convergence?
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
101) What is the difference between parochialism and ethnocentrism?
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
102) What is contingency management, and why is it important?
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
103) In reference to the GLOBE cultural dimensions, what does the performance orientation dimension measure? Which countries score high and low in performance orientation?
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
104) According to Hofstede, what is the relationship between individualism and national economic performance?
Difficulty: 3: Challenging
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
105) What are the four culturally based variables that may cause frequent problems for Americans in international management?
Difficulty: 1: Easy
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
106) Differentiate between the characteristics of a universalist culture and a particularist culture?
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions that define cultural differences among societies or groups
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
107) Discuss the impact of the Internet on various cultures. How do cultural differences complicate international management in regard to the use of technology? Provide specific examples in your answer.
Difficulty: 3: Challenging
Chapter: 3
Skill: Synthesis
LO: 3-3: To understand the interaction between culture and the use of the Internet
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
108) What types of behavior by international managers would most likely be offensive in Saudi Arabia?
Difficulty: 2: Moderate
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-4: To be able to develop a working cultural profile typical of many people within a certain society as an aid to anticipating attitudes toward work, negotiations and so on
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
109) An international manager can best develop an understanding of a particular culture by ________.
A) creating a cultural profile for that country or region in which the firm does business
B) assuming that his or her own cultural styles and practices can be successfully followed in the host country
C) using stereotypes to develop cross-cultural understanding in a business setting
D) hiring locals rather than expatriates for management positions in overseas subsidiaries
Difficulty: 3: Challenging
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-5: To gain some insight into different management styles around the world
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
110) Discuss some of the business and economic implications of the religion of Islam.
Difficulty: 3: Challenging
Chapter: 3
Skill: Concept
LO: 3-5: To gain some insight into different management styles around the world
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
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International Management 10e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Helen Deresky
By Helen Deresky