Ch3 Exercise Science A Systems Approach Test Bank

Chapter 3: Exercise Science: A Systems Approach

1. True or False? The integration of human systems provides for the coordinated control of the body environment and allows the body to respond to the various challenges encountered every day during physical activity and exercise.

A) True

B) False

2. True or False? The nervous system and the endocrine system serve as the two primary control systems of the body.

A) True

B) False

3. True or False? The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two divisions: parasympathetic and somatic.

A) True

B) False

4. True or False? Endurance training results in an increase in parasympathetic nervous activity and this allows for a reduced resting heart rate.

A) True

B) False

5. Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction.

A) True

B) False

6. True or False? Skeletal muscle can only contract in response to a stimulus from the nervous system.

A) True

B) False

7. True or False? Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles are all under the direct control of the parasympathetic nervous system.

A) True

B) False

8. True or False? Muscle fiber hypertrophy results in an increase in the total number of fibers within a muscle.

A) True

B) False

9. True or False? Muscle fiber hyperplasia results in an increase in the size of fibers within a muscle.

A) True

B) False

10. True or False? The primary minerals of the skeletal system are calcium and phosphorus.

A) True

B) False

11. True or False? The bone marrow contained within the skeletal system is responsible for the formation of a number of blood cells.

A) True

B) False

12. True or False? Osteoporosis is a disease condition characterized by high bone mineral density.

A) True

B) False

13. True or False? Recombinant human erythropoietin increases red blood cell numbers in humans and this can lead to an improvement in aerobic endurance performance.

A) True

B) False

14. True or False? Both cardiac muscle and smooth muscles respond to the input from the nervous and endocrine systems.

A) True

B) False

15. True or False? Atherosclerosis is a disease process that results in an increase in blood flow to cardiac muscle.

A) True

B) False

16. True or False? The pulmonary system is responsible for regulating oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood and maintaining a normal acid–base balance in the body.

A) True

B) False

17. True or False? The kidneys have little control over the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body.

A) True

B) False

18. True or False? The rate of absorption of carbohydrates from the digestive system can play an important role in performance during long-duration exercise such as a marathon race.

A) True

B) False

19. True or False? Insulin resistance describes the condition of the body when elevated levels of blood insulin are required in order to help control blood glucose levels.

A) True

B) False

20. True or False? The immune system does not improve its ability to protect the body from certain disease conditions in response to improvements in the level of physical fitness.

A) True

B) False

21. True or False? Humans can only get energy from the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

A) True

B) False

22. Which of the following components of the nervous system experiences a decrease in the level of activity during exercise?

A) Parasympathetic component

B) Sympathetic component

C) Somatic component

D) Autonomic component

23. Which of the following muscle fiber types are under direct conscious control during exercise?

A) Cardiac muscle

B) Smooth muscle

C) Skeletal muscle

24. Low levels of physical activity and dietary calcium intake result in an increased risk of developing:

A) osteoporosis.

B) hematopoiesis.

C) high levels of bone mineral density.

D) muscular hyperplasia.

25. The cardiovascular system plays the most important role in sporting events that require an individual to exercise for:

A) less than 10 seconds.

B) 10–30 seconds.

C) 30–60 seconds.

D) more than 60 seconds.

26. Exercise-induced asthma results in:

A) an increased airflow into the lungs.

B) airway constriction.

C) an improved quality of life.

D) a decreased blood flow through the lungs.

27. During exercise in hot and humid environmental conditions, the urinary system:

A) increases the excretion of waste products from the body.

B) decreases the reabsorption of electrolytes from the urine.

C) increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.

D) increases the blood flow through the kidneys.

28. One of the most significant contributors to increasing the risk for colorectal cancer is a diet high in:

A) carbohydrates.

B) fat.

C) protein.

D) vitamins and minerals.

29. Metabolic syndrome describes the clustering of several conditions of the body including:

A) excess lean body mass.

B) low levels of insulin.

C) elevated levels of triglycerides.

D) elevated levels of HDL cholesterol.

30. A decrease in athletic performance due to excessive amounts of training is called overtraining syndrome and is characterized by:

A) a reduced resting heart rate.

B) an increased level of psychological readiness.

C) an increased susceptibility to illness.

D) a reduced level of the hormones epinephrine and cortisol.

31. Very high intensity and very short-duration exercise relies most on which of the following energy systems?

A) Immediate energy system (ATP–CP energy system)

B) Anaerobic energy system (glycolysis–glycogenolysis)

C) Aerobic energy system (oxidative metabolism)

D) Anaerobic–aerobic system (glycolysis–glycogenolysis and oxidative metabolism)

32. The best predictor of success in aerobic endurance sports is likely the:

A) ability to use protein as an energy source.

B) absolute muscular force production in the legs.

C) maximal lactate steady state.

D) range of motion in the muscles used in competition.

33. During physical activity or exercise, there is a decrease in the activity of:

A) sympathetic nervous system.

B) autonomic nervous system.

C) parasympathetic nervous system.

D) sensory nervous system.

34. Which of the following controls voluntary movement?

A) Somatic nervous system

B) Autonomic nervous system

C) Sympathetic nervous system

D) Parasympathetic nervous system

35. __________________ occurs most frequently after unaccustomed exercise or activity that results in damage to cellular membranes and proteins in skeletal muscle.

A) Muscle fiber hypertrophy

B) Muscle fiber hyperplasia

C) Undifferentiated satellite cells

D) Delayed onset muscle soreness

36. The formation and development of red blood cells is called:

A) satellite cell formation.

B) hematopoiesis.

C) cellular hypertrophy.

D) osteoporosis.

37. The hormone responsible for initiating red blood cell formation is:

A) erythropoietin.

B) growth hormone.

C) thyroid hormone.

D) calcitonin.

38. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the pulmonary system?

A) Brings oxygen into the body

B) Helps control the acid–base balance of the body

C) Eliminates carbon dioxide from the body

D) Assists with the formation of red blood cells

39. Which of the following functions of the intestinal system would most likely play a positive role in long-duration exercise?

A) Increase in the gastric emptying rate

B) Decrease in food digestions

C) Reduced blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract

D) Increase in carcinogen removal

40. The development and maintenance of tissue, particularly skeletal muscle, is best described as:

A) an androgenic effect.

B) an anabolic effect.

C) an ergogenic effect.

D) an exogenous effect.

41. Low-intensity and long-duration exercise relies most on which of the following energy systems?

A) Immediate energy system (ATP–CP energy system)

B) Anaerobic energy system (glycolysis–glycogenolysis)

C) Aerobic energy system (oxidative metabolism)

D) Anaerobic–aerobic system (glycolysis–glycogenolysis and oxidative metabolism)