Ch.18 Exam Prep Selling And Buying Sex

Chapter 18 : Selling and Buying Sex

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 01

1. Which of the following is technically not illegal in Canada?

a) human trafficking

b) operating or visiting an establishment where sex trade work takes place

c) selling sexual services

d) offering or seeking out sex in exchange for money

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 02

2. Approximately what percentage of American men admitted to paying for sex in a survey conducted in 2000?

a) 1.8 per cent

b) 4.2 per cent

c) 6.2 per cent

d) 10.8 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 03

3. Which of the following provides some Asian countries with nearly 14 per cent of their gross national product?

a) Condom manufacturing

b) Sex work

c) Surrogate parenting

d) Sex reassignment surgeries

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 04

4. Which term is used to describe the commercial enterprises that deal with buying and selling sex-related services?

a) sex industry

b) escort agency

c) pornification

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 05

5. Which term is used to describe a company that sends out sex trade workers to off-site locations such as homes, hotels, and motels?

a) escort agency

b) sex industry

c) pornification

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 06

6. Which term is used to describe the process of making or becoming more visibly or explicitly sexual?

a) pornification

b) sex industry

c) escort agency

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 07

7. What form of sex trade work has been deemed the "new slave trade"?

a) human trafficking

b) pornification

c) sex tourism

d) escort agencies

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 08

8. A term for people who work in the sex trade that is neither demoralizing nor glamorizing is __________.

a) sex workers

b) prostitutes

c) call boys

d) call girls

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 09

9. You're at a pub with some friends. The conversation veers from Canada's new prostitution laws to what counts as prostitution in the first place. You suggest that sex work is a much broader concept than a person accosting someone for sex on the street. You friend says, "Yeah, but technically __________ is not sex work."

a) sleeping with your boss to get a promotion

b) giving someone a blowjob so that they take you shopping

c) sleeping with someone who took you out to a $200 dinner because you feel like you owe them

d) All of the above situations are examples of sex work.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 10

10. Melissa exchanges sex for money through an escort agency. The most appropriate term for her is __________.

a) a prostitute

b) a sexist worker

c) a sex worker

d) a whore

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 11

11. Which term refers to making sex work and activities related to it illegal?

a) criminalization

b) legalization

c) abolition

d) decriminalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 12

12. Which term refers to dealing with sex work by making it legal but subject to regulations?

a) legalization

b) criminalization

c) abolition

d) decriminalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 13

13. Which term refers to a legal option for dealing with sex work by allowing it and punishing those who exploit or coerce sex trade workers?

a) abolition

b) criminalization

c) legalization

d) decriminalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 14

14. Which term refers to a legal option for dealing with sex work by repealing all laws governing it?

a) decriminalization

b) criminalization

c) abolition

d) legalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 15

15. According to a 2008 report, approximately what percentage of Canadians believes that the sex trade is immoral?

a) 10 per cent

b) 32 per cent

c) 68 per cent

d) 90 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 16

16. During what time period was the number of sex workers (SWs) decreased compared to earlier time periods?

a) during World War I

b) during the Victorian era

c) during World War II

d) during the first part of the nineteenth century

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 17

17. You are discussing sex work laws in class. Your classmate says, "Sex work is basically sexual abuse with remuneration. The law should go after the pimps, not sex workers, who are victims." You say, "So you're advocating to __________ sex work." "Yes, exactly!"

a) abolish

b) criminalize

c) decriminalize

d) legalize

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 18

18. You are discussing sex trade work law in class, specifically the difference between legalization and decriminalization. Your classmate says, "There are many countries around the world where SW is theoretically legal, but it's subject to so many restrictions that sex workers are still largely forced to the underground. But in __________, for example, SW has been decriminalized, not legalized, which makes it not a subject of criminal law at all, only of civil law."

a) New Zealand

b) Switzerland

c) Netherlands

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 19

19. You're in class discussing Canada's new prostitution law and alternatives to it. Your classmate brings up the decriminalization of sex work in New Zealand and Australia, citing a study which shows that once SW is decriminalized, __________.

a) customers may become more likely to request more unusual sexual services

b) the number of sex workers increases

c) customers may become more likely to negotiate the price of sexual services

d) the income of sex workers increases

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 20

20. When sex work was decriminalized in Australia, what sexual activities seemed to increase, as noted by researchers?

a) anal intercourse

b) fringe sex (e.g., bondage)

c) oral sex without condoms

d) vaginal sex

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 21

21. Approximately what percentage of sex work takes place indoors (i.e., is not connected to "street walking").

a) 20 per cent

b) 40 per cent

c) 60 per cent

d) 80 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 22

22. Paul is a responsible adult who has sexual needs that are not being met in the traditional fashion of dating and meeting people. He believes that he should be able to purchase sex from another person and that this should be a legal choice between consenting adults. Which legal view of sex work does Paul have?

a) decriminalization

b) criminalization

c) abolition

d) legalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 23

23. Which form of sex work generally has the lowest status, earns the least, and faces the greatest risk of violence and ostracism?

a) street-based sex workers

b) sex workers in escort agencies

c) exotic dancers

d) brothel owners

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 24

24. What form of sex work has the highest status, earns the most, and works under the most secure conditions?

a) sex workers in escort agencies

b) exotic dancers

c) street-based sex workers

d) brothel owners

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 25

25. According to Shaver's 2011 assessment, most sex workers are not which of the following?

a) educated

b) young

c) female

d) addicted

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 26

26. Over drinks with the guys, your friend Jack brags that he's hired an escort and that she was amazing: she had a university degree, was very classy, rich, and self-confident. Jack believes she loves her job and he recommends escorts as high-quality alternative to relationships. Your friends wonder if escorts are indeed such a lucky bunch living the high life. You say, "Many studies will show you that the majority of female sex workers __________."

a) have not completed high school

b) have been physically or sexually abused in childhood, or both

c) started that line of work because they needed money

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 27

27. Which category of sex workers is most likely to report enjoying sex?

a) female SWs who give clients hand jobs

b) transgender SWs who engage in receptive anal intercourse

c) female SWs who provide oral sex

d) female SWs who work with their clients expeditiously

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 28

28. Which type of sex worker is most likely to enjoy their work?

a) a woman working in a licensed brothel in Australia

b) a woman working as a porn actor in Canada

c) a bar-based sex trade worker

d) a man working as a porn actor in Canada

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 29

29. Which of the following groups may be at greater risk for entering the sex trade for "survival"?

a) homeless youth

b) children in Central America, South America, and Asia

c) non-heterosexually identified youth

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 30

30. Your friend Jack is of the opinion that prostitutes like their jobs and they picked them because they enjoy sex more than most women. He says, "I'm telling you, I read about this woman in Australia, who applied for a job in a legal brothel run by women after she was fired from her waitressing job, and she loved it!" You reply, "Funny, I read a study about female sex workers in those same legal brothels in Victoria. The results said that some of them enjoyed that work more than other jobs available to them, which __________."

a) raises the question of what those other jobs available were, and if they had means to get more education and a more stable job than waitressing

b) proves your point

c) raises the question of how many women in unfulfilling dead-end jobs in other countries that don't have legal brothels would be much happier as sex workers

d) none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 31

31. You are the most likely to do "survival" sex work as a teenager if you __________.

a) come out to your family as gay and get rejected

b) are a female from a middle-class family who likes good clothes

c) are into risky sexual behaviour such as wet t-shirt contests or stripteases

d) are into risky sexual behaviour such as BDSM

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 32

32. Why may SGD youth be at greatest risk for joining the sex trade?

a) SGD teens cannot find gratifying sex by partnering with people from their schools.

b) SGD teens are more likely to become homeless as a result of their family rejecting their sexual preference.

c) People pay more for sex with SGD individuals than for heterosexual teens.

d) SGD teens tend to be more open to different lifestyles than heterosexual teens.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 33

33. In Canada, which group has the highest risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS as a sex worker?

a) female SWs

b) male SWs

c) transwomen SWs

d) transmen SWs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 34

34. Approximately what percentage of female sex workers report being raped at least once during their career?

a) 30 per cent

b) 50 per cent

c) 70 per cent

d) 100 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 35

35. You meet your old friend Stacy at a party in your hometown. You used to be quite close until you moved away to go to university. She didn't go to college after high school. She's single and working a retail job for minimum wage with no prospects of promotion. She feels like her life is going nowhere, with no chance of getting married or having a well-paying job. She confesses, "I'm actually thinking of escorting, you know? At least I'll have money, I'll look great, and men will want me." You say, "I guess it's an option, if you're OK with the fact that ________."

a) 70 per cent of sex workers from a few different countries report having been raped since starting in this business

b) the median income for sex workers is $30,000 per year

c) the death rate among female sex workers is two times higher than among the general population

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 36

36. Which of the following is least likely to lead to emotional distress in a sex worker?

a) the sex itself

b) being harassed by police

c) society's negative view of sex workers

d) being harassed by clients

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 37

37. What is the main difference between the life of a male sex worker and the life of a female sex worker?

a) the amount of money they earn

b) the amount of violence they experience while working

c) the sexual acts they perform

d) how long they can remain working

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 38

38. In Canada, sex work is not legalized, and therefore not protected by labour codes. What is the result for sex workers because of this condition?

a) Sex workers are not entitled to parental leave.

b) Sex workers do not receive compensation for workplace injuries.

c) Sex workers do not pay into or receive government pensions.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 39

39. Which of the following problems is less prevalent for male sex workers than for females?

a) violence

b) economic conditions

c) STI risk

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 40

40. What factors motivate men in the sex trade to advertise on the Internet?

a) monetary benefits

b) positive effects on the self

c) sexual pleasure

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 41

41. You meet your old friend Farouk at a party in your hometown. You used to be quite close until you moved away to go to university. He didn't go to college after high school. He's gay, single, and working a retail job for minimum wage with no prospects of promotion. He feels like his life is going nowhere in this small town, and he's seriously considering moving to Toronto and working as an escort. You say, "I guess it's an option, considering that ________."

a) male sex workers very rarely experience violence against them

b) male sex work is now all on the Internet: you don't have to do the street or clubs

c) it easier for males than females to find a different job after you're done with sex trade

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 42

42. What benefits do male sex workers who advertise online experience compared to street-based workers?

a) They can be selective about their clients.

b) They charge higher fees.

c) They have greater control over their work schedules.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 43

43. Which term refers to a male sex worker who looks for customers on the street?

a) street hustler

b) bar hustler

c) call boy

d) kept boy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 44

44. Which term refers to a male sex worker who looks for customers in a bar?

a) bar hustler

b) street hustler

c) call boy

d) kept boy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 45

45. Which term refers to a male sex worker who either works for an escort agency or is self-employed as an escort?

a) call boy

b) street hustler

c) kept boy

d) bar hustler

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 46

46. Sylvio is a 23-year-old sex worker who is financially dependent on an older man, Peter, who receives sexual services from Sylvio in exchange. In the hierarchy of male sex workers, what is Sylvio?

a) a bar hustler

b) a kept boy

c) a street hustler

d) a call boy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 47

47. Which of the following male trade workers have the lowest status and receive the lowest pay?

a) street hustlers

b) call boys

c) kept boys

d) bar hustlers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 48

48. Which of the following sex workers would likely be paid the most?

a) a male escort who advertises as being feminine

b) an escort who advertises as being a male-to-female transgender

c) a male who advertises as being masculine

d) a female-to-male transgender escort

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 49

49. You catch up with your friend Jose, who has been working as an escort for a year. He tells you, "It's been quite all right, honestly. I meet guys online, all the money is handled by credit cards, pretty much like AirBnB, so it's nice and civilized. Though, my ambition is still to move up to a ________, so I sleep with one guy all the time, have a steady paycheque, and don't have to keep looking for clients."

a) street hustler

b) bar hustler

c) call boy

d) kept boy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 50

50. According to Weisburg's study, what is the most common reason that men become sex workers?

a) money

b) sex

c) adventure

d) delinquent lifestyle

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 51

51. What do most men report is their primary reason for visiting a strip club?

a) to touch naked women

b) to drink alcohol

c) to have a sexual encounter

d) to party with friends

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 52

52. An exotic dancer can earn the most money for having physical contact with a customer in which situation?

a) when the club allows physical contact for a set price

b) when the club has strict rules against physical contact

c) when the club has private rooms for physical contact

d) when physical contact must take place as a lap dance in a public area

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 53

53. Which term is used to describe dancing that involves the removal of most or all of one's clothing with the intent of creating erotic arousal in the viewer?

a) exotic dancing

b) pornification

c) ballet

d) sexually explicit material

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 54

54. Jennifer got a part of a stripper in a school theatre production. Even though it's a small part with only a few dance appearances, she wants to analyze a real-life dancer's role to better identify with it. What should she know about an exotic dancer's work?

a) It's about creating an impression of being sexually and emotionally available.

b) It's about mastering original pole-dancing techniques.

c) It's about creating an impression of being rich and sexy.

d) It's about being able to negotiate sex trade work off the club premises.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 55

55. In addition to showing off physical attributes, what else influences exotic dancers financially?

a) originality of their performance

b) making connections with the audience

c) making customers feel sexually desirable or special

d) all of above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 56

56. What do new exotic dancers report as a usually positive aspect of the work?

a) money

b) flexible hours

c) general enjoyment

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 57

57. After playing an exotic dancer in a school theatre production, to a huge applause, Jennifer feels beautiful and sexually empowered because she was attractive and desired on stage. She's considering a job in a strip club for the thrill and extra income for tuition. She puts her idea out on Reddit, and gets a response from a stripper with 10 years' experience: "It is thrilling at the beginning, but be aware that the longer you stay in it, the more you'll struggle with __________."

a) a double life, or society's disapproval if you're open about your job

b) aggressive, abusive patrons

c) too much drinking, plus sleep deprivation

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 58

58. Which of the following techniques are methods exotic dancers use to manage the stress related to their work?

a) setting personal rules

b) distancing themselves by believing they are not like the others

c) creating a "dancer persona"

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 59

59. Which of the following is NOT a negative cost of exotic dancing?

a) the ease of keeping work completely separate from private lives

b) effects of substance use and abuse

c) strain on the body

d) aggressiveness of abusive patrons

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 60

60. What is the best term for textual, visual, and audial material that specifically promotes or creates sexual arousal and shows enjoyment of sexuality in an equal and balanced manner toward people of either sex?

a) Erotica

b) Pornography

c) Sexually explicit material

d) Smut

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 61

61. What is the best term for textual, visual, and audial material that specifically promotes or creates sexual arousal and presents sexuality in an unequal, unbalanced, violent, or degrading manner toward people of either sex?

a) erotica

b) pornography

c) sexually explicit material

d) smut

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 62

62. Research has shown which of the following preference patterns towards viewing sexually explicit material?

a) Both women and men are equally responsive to the sex of the actor but men prefer scenes where the actor can be objectified.

b) Men are more responsive to the sex of the actor but women prefer scenes where the actors can be objectified.

c) Women are more responsive to the sex of the actors and prefer scenes where actors can be objectified.

d) Men are more responsive to the sex of the actors and prefer scenes where actors can be objectified

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 63

63. Globally, which of the following is the third most profitable industry?

a) sex tourism and human trafficking

b) the trade of weapons

c) the industry related to sexually explicit material

d) the trade of illicit drugs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 64

64. To spice up their relationship, Jenny and Tom are watching an erotic video together. In the video, the female and male actors meet by chance on a beach, are instantly mutually attracted, kiss passionately, give each other oral sex, and then the male penetrates the female vaginally. If Jenny and Tommy were a typical woman and man, what would they focus on in the video?

a) Jenny would imagine how it would feel if she met a sexy, willing stranger on a beach. Tom would look at the female's body and focus on the action around genitals.

b) Jenny would look at the male's body and focus on the penis. Tom would look at the female's body and focus on the vagina.

c) Jenny would be aroused by the female but would try not to look at her. Tom would imagine how it would feel to meet a sexy, willing stranger on a beach.

d) none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 65

65. The effect of viewing sexually explicit material (SEM) on a person's behaviour seems to be related to which of the following?

a) whether the SEM portrays realistic or unrealistic events

b) whether the viewer is male or female

c) the interpretation of the viewer

d) whether the material is consistent or inconsistent with the viewer's morality

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 66

66. According to Seto, Maric, and Barbaree, what do the results from studies examining the relationship between sexually explicit material and sexual assault indicate?

a) Viewing sexually explicit material leads to an increase in the likelihood that someone will commit a sexual assault.

b) Sexually explicit material involving children (child porn) is used by most people who commit sexual offenses against children.

c) Sexually explicit material increases sexual aggression in men predisposed to sexual assault but not in other men.

d) Sexually explicit material has no statistically significant positive or negative effects on people of any age.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 67

67. Your friend Leigh needs your advice. She discovered in her boyfriend's browser history that he was watching porn. Although her boyfriend has been delicate and respectful in their sexual encounters so far, Leigh is now worried that he might show his true colours, becoming aggressive and demanding that they do what he watches in those videos. With your knowledge of the studies of sexually explicit material and adults, what can you tell her?

a) Men who are not predisposed to sexual violence are unlikely to show any effects of pornography other than sexual permissiveness.

b) Men who watch erotica don't show negative behaviours, but men who watch pornography gradually turn from respectful to sexually aggressive.

c) Statistical studies demonstrate that consumption of sexually explicit materials causes sexual and moral harm to women.

d) Consumption of sexually explicit material indicates inadequacies in the individual's sexual activity that he or she is trying to compensate for.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 68

68. A 2004 research study by Senn and Desmarais showed that women's moods were most positively affected by which of the following?

a) viewing erotica with a friend or partner

b) viewing non-violent pornography

c) viewing violent pornography

d) viewing erotica by themselves

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 69

69. Which of the following is a positive outcome associated with sexually explicit materials (SEM)?

a) Viewing pornography tends to cause males to view women as equals.

b) In the gay community, pornography helps promote safer sex practices.

c) In countries where SEM is more readily available, there are lower sex crime rates.

d) Viewing pornography increases the mood of severely depressed women.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 70

70. According to research, at what age is it developmentally appropriate for adolescents to view sexually explicit material?

a) 12

b) 14

c) 16

d) 18

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 71

71. Consuming pornography at a young age __________ the likelihood of perpetrating sexual assault.

a) increases

b) decreases

c) doesn't affect

d) has no proven effect on

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 72

72. Which of the following is true regarding sexually explicit material and sexual assault of children?

a) Men who have a history of sexual assault against children who view SEM of children are more likely to reoffend.

b) Men who have a history of sexual assault against children are less likely to have viewed sexually explicit material involving children than a random control group who have never committed an offence against children.

c) Men who express an attraction towards sexual experiences with children are more likely to engage in sex with a child if they have seen sexually explicit material involving children than if they have not.

d) Men who have a history of sexual assault against children view sexually explicit material related to children as frequently as men with no history of sexual assault against children.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 73

73. When staying at your relatives' house for the Thanksgiving long weekend, you accidentally see your 14-year-old cousin Troy watch a video in which three men aggressively penetrate a woman. Given your knowledge of the research on the effects of SEM on youth, how could you best react?

a) In a way that wouldn't embarrass Troy, try suggesting erotica instead. Tell him it's proven that watching violent pornography at a young age often results in sexually aggressive behaviour.

b) Do nothing. Fourteen is the developmentally appropriate age for viewing SEM, and the only proven effect of pornography on youth is becoming more permissive.

c) In a way that wouldn't embarrass Troy, talk to him about safe sex. Exposure to violent pornography at a young age often makes boys more permissive but not aggressive in sexual behaviours.

d) Do nothing this time, but observe Troy over the weekend to see if he does it again. Only a fraction of youth aged 10 to 14 watch SEM intentionally, so he most likely just stumbled upon it by accident.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 74

74. Who is most likely to have seen sexually explicit material (SEM) on the Internet for the first time?

a) David, who is 10

b) Elise, who is 11

c) Tristan, who is 12

d) Marcus, who is 13

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 75

75. What group reported having less real life sex as a result of watching sexually explicit material on the internet?

a) heterosexual men

b) gay men

c) lesbian women

d) heterosexual women

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 76

76. According to experts, the only case where a sex addiction is truly occurring is in which of these situations?

a) where there is a need to increase the amount of SEM viewed in order to feel satisfied

b) where the individual feels a sense of anxiety before viewing SEM and a sense of release and relief after viewing SEM

c) where the person is deteriorating psychologically as a result of viewing SEM

d) where the person has urges to view SEM

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 77

77. Which category of women did Polk and Cowan find is viewed most negatively by the public?

a) sex workers

b) women in general

c) porn stars

d) movie stars

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 78

78. On a night out with friends, the conversation drifts into watching online sexually explicit material. One male friend says watching porn is good for the relationship and encourages his female friends to watch it more to see the benefits for themselves. One of the females asks you for an informed opinion. You reply, "Well, the studies show that women who have watched porn often report ________."

a) increased sexual self-confidence

b) being more critical of their partner's bodies

c) more interest in actual sex

d) none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 79

79. After you moved out of your parents' house, there is no more family surprising you in your room or overhearing you from their bedroom next door. With this new freedom, you've been watching sexually explicit videos every evening after school and on the weekends. When you catch yourself thinking about those videos during a lecture and looking forward to going home and watching more, you start wondering if you're addicted. What should you ask yourself to assess the problem?

a) Do I feel a sense of relief while watching SEM?

b) Does the fact that I'm watching it make me feel stressed out and unhappy?

c) Do I feel like I'm losing control?

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 80

80. You're having dinner with your roommates in your shared kitchen, when another roommate comes to the table, sits down heavily and says, "I just had the biggest shocker of my life: my sister's been in two porn videos! And she's planning to do more..." "You have a porn star sister!" says one friend, earning a look of exasperation. Trying to defuse the situation, you say "Hey, look on the bright side! There is a study that shows that porn stars are viewed more positively than _______."

a) SWs

b) virgins

c) retail clerks

d) gold diggers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 81

81. Your friend's brother, Liam, who's exclusively gay, did a few sexually explicit amateur videos and got an offer of a contract for five longer films. The money isn't bad, and Liam is excited to enter the world he's been watching from the other side of the camera lens. Your friend is aghast at Liam's new idea and organizes an intervention with your roommates to dissuade him from signing the contract. Which of your roommates' arguments below is factual?

a) You'll get an STI! STIs are common among porn actors.

b) You'll have to have sex with women! Even if you sign for gay porn, you'll be contractually obliged to act in any configuration the director wants.

c) You'll get so bored! Porn behind the scenes is shooting the same scene over and over again, sometimes with a guy you don't even like as a person.

d) both A and C

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 82

82. When interviewed, how did more porn actors describe their job?

a) disgusting

b) fun

c) boring

d) satisfying

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 83

83. Positive effects are most likely to result from an individual viewing __________.

a) erotica

b) video pornography

c) a stripper

d) a pornographic magazine

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 84

84. Most street hustlers identify as __________.

a) gay

b) bisexual

c) transsexual

d) heterosexual

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 85

85. When compared to women university students that did not dance, which of the following findings did women exotic dancers NOT exhibit?

a) Women exotic dancers scored higher on measures of sexual permissiveness.

b) Women exotic dancers scored lower on measures of birth control use.

c) Women exotic dancers scored lower on measures of sexual communication.

d) Women exotic dancers scored lower on measures of self-esteem.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 86

86. In a nationally representative American survey of 2,021 adults, the most common social experience relating to sexuality over the lifespan for both men and women was which activity?

a) attending a strip club

b) hiring a SW

c) engaging in public nudity

d) going to a brothel

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 87

87. The current Canadian law around sex work is largely based on which of the following legal options?

a) criminalization

b) abolition

c) legalization

d) decriminalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 88

88. ________ is textual, visual, and audial material that promotes or creates sexual arousal and presents sexuality in an

unequal, unbalanced, violent, or degrading manner toward certain people based on gender/sex.

a) Pornography

b) Erotica

c) Sex work

d) Stripping

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 89

89. Couples who watch SEM together may find it easier to ________.

a) recognize that they have different sexual interests and break up

b) discuss sexual acts, and to break up their "routine" sex lives

c) create arguments in favour of sex work

d) find new positions they like

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 90

90. In what way did SEM affect young boys and young girls differently?

a) Young boys and girls viewed SEM in the exact same way.

b) Young boys were more scared by SEM then did girls were.

c) Adolescent boys perceived SEM as more realistic than teen girls did.

d) Adolescent girls perceived SEM as more realistic than teen boys did.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 01

1. Those who see the buying and selling of sex as a personal choice between consenting adults are in favour of __________ of sex work.

Feedback: decriminalization

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 02

2. Youth of all sexual preferences who are __________ are at the greatest risk of entering the sex trade.

Feedback: homeless

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 03

3. In terms of ethnicity, __________ women are disproportionately found in sex work and also report higher rates of childhood abuse.

Feedback: Indigenous

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 04

4. In terms of gender, __________ sex workers are least likely to experience violence against them.

Feedback: male

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 05

5. Most exotic dancers distance themselves from work by creating a different __________ that they use on stage.

Feedback: persona

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 06

6. Both erotica and pornography are types of __________ __________ __________.

Feedback: sexually explicit material

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 07

7. Viewing sexually explicit material is developmentally appropriate starting at about age __________.

Feedback: 14

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 08

8. Heavier users of __________ have politically liberal views, making them more receptive to feminist thinking.

Feedback: erotica

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 09

9. According to Levine, a diagnosis of sex addiction is limited to those who experience __________ __________ as a result of their behaviour.

Feedback: psychological deterioration

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 10

10. A __________ __________ is supported by his sugar daddy.

Feedback: kept boy

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 11

11. Maggie is concerned about street-based prostitution and underage trade workers in her community. She is most likely to advocate for the __________ of sex work.

Feedback: criminalization

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 12

12. The __________ of sex work would make sex work legal with no regulations.

Feedback: abolition

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 13

13. A(n) __________ sex worker may feel unsafe compared to other SWs because of harassment from police and members of the public.

Feedback: transgender

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 14

14. Among male sex workers, __________ __________ have the lowest social status.

Feedback: street hustlers

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 15

15. Sophie works in the sex trade and finds her work enjoyable and sometimes has spiritual experiences when she is working. Sophie is most like a(n) __________ __________.

Feedback: exotic dancer

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 16

16. Sexual material that shows equal enjoyment of sexuality among men and women is referred to as __________.

Feedback: erotica

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 17

17. Sexual material that is degrading to women or men would be classified as __________.

Feedback: pornography

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 18

18. A Dutch study found that for men, increased consumption of sexually explicit material on the internet was associated with their greater dissatisfaction with the appearance of their __________.

Feedback: stomachs

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 19

19. Being a "porn star" isn't actually that great because most porn actors find the work __________.

Feedback: boring

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 20

20. A company that sends sex workers to clients at off-site locations such as homes, hotels, and motels is call a(n) ________ ________.

Feedback: escort agency

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 01

1. Differentiate between the legalization of sex trade work and decriminalization. What impact might this have on sex trade workers?

Feedback: The legalization of STW is a legal option for dealing with sex trade work by making it legal but subject to regulations. The decriminalization of STW is a legal option for dealing with sex trade work by repealing all laws governing it. Legalizing STW might lead to laws that protect STWs and legitimize the practice. STWs may also then be eligible for benefits such as health care, workers' rights, and pensions. Decriminalizing sex work merely removes laws and provides no guidance on other aspects.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 02

2. Describe the four potential legal options for dealing with sex trade workers in Canada. Outline the arguments in favour of each option.

Feedback: 1. Criminalization: will help eliminate street based prostitution and underage STWs

2. Legalization (regulation): believe that rules about licensing, medical exams, zoning and registering brothels would be a benefit to both STWs and society

3. Abolition: punishes those who exploit, coerce, or harm STWs

4. Decriminalization: preferred by those who see the buying and selling of sex as a personal choice between consenting adults. The intent is to affirm STWs and provide them a legitimate place in society.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 03

3. Explain four reasons why male sex trade workers are less often victims of violence than females sex trade workers.

Feedback: First, customers are more likely to perceive male STWs as better able to defend themselves compared to female STWs.

Second, customers who seek out male STWs—most of whom are gay or bisexual men, but also women and men who do not define as gay or bisexual—may be less likely to engage in violent behaviour. In particular, most gay men are less physically aggressive than are most heterosexual men; perhaps this is the case because when men become comfortable sexualizing other men, as most gay men have, it becomes incompatible for them to aggress against other men.

Third, women have a lower status in society compared to men.

Fourth, because male STWs are generally not stigmatized or marginalized to the degree that female STWs are, and because they are particularly not stigmatized within the gay community, they may be less likely to be targeted for victimization.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 04

4. How do the views of exotic dancers who are new to exotic dancing differ from the views of more experienced exotic dancers?

Feedback: Dancers new to their work talk about the positive aspects, such as the money, flexible hours, and general enjoyment. Some dancers describe their time on stage as spiritual, and Barton and Hardesty (2010) interpret this as a time when dancers are in "flow," a term used to describe something akin to a peak experience.

After a few years, however, many dancers begin to focus on the costs of their work, such as the effects of substance use and abuse, strain on the body, and the aggressiveness of some abusive patrons (Barton, 2007). Some dancers also report that their work interferes with their private lives. Indeed, many young dancers who hide their occupation from family and friends report feeling the strain of leading a "double life."

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 05

5. Differentiate between erotica and pornography. What concern might there be with the proliferation of pornography?

Feedback: Definitions of sexually explicit material (SEM) vary, depending on an individual's or group's views on sex and sexuality. Some feminists distinguish between erotic SEM and SEM that is violent and/or degrading to women (Garos, Beggan, Kluck, & Easton, 2004). The word erotica refers to sexual material that shows equal enjoyment of sexuality in both men and women, and the word pornography refers to sexual material that presents sexuality in a manner that is unequal, unbalanced, violent, or degrading toward men or women. Most sexually explicit videos today would fall more into the category of erotica rather than pornography. Pornography may increase the risk of developing sexually deviant tendencies, committing sexual offences, developing problems in one's intimate relationships, and accepting rape myths.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 06

6. Describe the situations in which sexually explicit material seems to have a positive outcome for adults versus those in which it seems to have a negative outcome for adults.

Feedback: Negative outcomes associated with SEM:

1. Exposure to pornography is associated with an increased risk of developing sexually deviant tendencies, committing sexual offences, developing problems in one's intimate relationships, and accepting rape myths.

2. Some viewers experience distorted perceptions of sexuality, devaluation of marriage and monogamy, and increased aggression.

3. Promotes hyper-masculine views of gay men and promotes unsafe, unrealistic sex practices as "real."

4. Violent pornography may be linked to negative outcomes for people predisposed to aggression.

Positive outcomes

1. Women show elevated moods after viewing erotica.

2. People who view erotica have a more positive view of women in general.

3. Access to SEM is linked to a reduction in sex crime rates.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18 Question 07

7. Should sexually explicit themes be allowed on television? How does this compare to violence on television?

Feedback: Some people advocate that there should be less violence on television and that rules about erotica on television may be too strict. Studies indicate that exposure to erotica on TV has no effect except to create a more open opinion towards sex in an individual, which could be considered healthy. Studies have shown that violence on television is positively correlated with violent action. It seems that research indicates a more positive societal outcome from erotica on television than from violence.