Ch.17 Bacteria, Archaea & Viruses Test Questions & Answers

Stern's Introductory Plant Biology, 14e (Bidlack)

Chapter 17 Domain (Kingdom) Bacteria, Domain (Kingdom) Archaea, and Viruses

1) Small circular DNA molecules present in bacteria are called

A) chromatids.

B) endospores.

C) plasmids.

D) pili.

E) microbiologists.

2) Which of the following features is found only in bacteria?

A) lack of membrane bound compartments within the protoplast

B) cells with a distinct nucleus

C) chloroplasts in a variety of shapes and sizes

D) capacity to reproduce only within other living cells

E) capacity to undergo both mitosis and meiosis

3) Some genetic recombination in bacteria occurs as a result of fragments of DNA being carried from one cell to another by viruses. This process is called

A) conjugation.

B) plasmid synthesis.

C) transformation.

D) viral busing.

E) transduction.

4) An association of two dissimilar organisms that benefits both organisms is called ________.

A) fraternization

B) conjugality

C) heterosexuality

D) parsitism

E) mutualism

5) The bacterial structure formed by a single, very condensed, circular DNA molecule is called a 

A) circuplasm.

B) a 70 S ribosome.

C) Offenhauser body.

D) schizoprotein.

E) a nucleoid.

6) Under ideal conditions of moisture, food supply, and temperature a bacterium may undergo fission every

A) two hours.

B) two minutes.

C) 10 to 20 minutes.

D) two days.

E) 30 to 60 minutes.

7) Which of the following is NOT a form of genetic recombination occurring in bacteria?

A) conjugation

B) oogamy

C) transformation

D) transduction

E) All of these answers are correct.

8) Which of the following possessed by eukaryotic cells is/are NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

A) mitochondria

B) ribosomes

C) membranes

D) pigments

E) DNA

9) An organism that has no nuclear envelope and divides by fission would be a

A) protist.

B) fungus.

C) prokaryote.

D) plant.

E) Both fungus and prokaryote are correct.

10) Approximately ________ of bacteria are useful to humans, or harmless.

A) 10%

B) 20%

C) 50%

D) 70%

E) 90%

11) Bacteria that are more or less spherical in shape are generally called

A) cocci.

B) bacilli.

C) spherilli.

D) spirilli.

E) globilli.

12) Which feature does NOT distinguish archaebacteria from eubacteria?

A) unique base sequences of their RNA molecules

B) lack of muramic acid in their cell walls

C) distinctive lipids

D) presence of ribosomes

E) their metabolism

13) Which disease bacteria usually gain access to their victims through contamination of food and drink?

A) chlamydias

B) cholera bacteria

C) syphilis

D) tetanus bacteria

E) bubonic plague bacteria

14) A bacillus bacterium would be in the shape of a

A) sphere.

B) corkscrew.

C) rod.

D) filamentous chain.

E) letter "J".

15) Bacteria may be classified by

A) Gram staining.

B) shape.

C) colored pigments.

D) size.

E) Both Gram staining and shape are correct

16) Corkscrew-shaped bacteria such as Spirulina are classified as ________.

A) filaments

B) cocci

C) spirilla

D) bacilli

E) mat-forming

17) True bacteria may get their nutrition from ________.

A) nonliving organic matter (saprobes)

B) other living organisms (parasites)

C) from sunlight (autotrophs)

D) from inorganic chemicals (chemoautotrophs)

E) All these modes of nutrition are used by some eubacteria species.

18) Which of the following is NOT a human disease caused by bacteria?

A) anthrax

B) gonorrhea

C) chicken pox

D) botulism

E) bubonic plague

19) Which statement about Koch's postulates is INCORRECT?

A) Koch's postulates are a set of rules to identify the microorganism that causes a particular disease.

B) The microorganism that supposedly causes the disease must be present in all incidences of the disease.

C) If a microorganism is isolated and purified from a diseased individual and subsequently causes disease symptoms when injected into a healthy host,  there is suggestive evidence that the microorganism causes the disease.

D) Isolation of a microorganism from a diseased individual is sufficient evidence for that organism being the causative agent of the disease.

E) The final step of Koch's rules is to compare the original pure culture with the culture isolated from the experimentally injected host..

20) ________, a disease once controlled by antibiotics, is spreading and once again becoming a significant threat worldwide because of the evolution of resistance to multiple antibiotics that once controlled it.

A) Bubonic plague

B) Tuberculosis (TB)

C) Leprosy

D) H1N1 influenza

E) Genital herpes

21) The scientist who became known for his investigations of tuberculosis and anthrax, and who formulated "postulates" for proving that a particular microorganism is the cause of a particular disease was

A) Edward Jenner.

B) Benjamin Jesty.

C) Christian Gram.

D) Robert Koch.

E) Charles Chamberland.

22) Which of the following "useful" bacteria can be used to control Japanese beetles?

A) Bacillus thuringiensis

B) Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis

C) Bacillus popilliae

D) Staphylococcus spp.

E) Clostridium botulinum

23) Which of the following uses is NOT a product of bacterial activity?

A) Limburger and Brie cheese

B) buttermilk

C) acetone

D) tanned leather

E) vanilla flavoring

24) Photosynthetic, algal-like bacteria are

A) archaea.

B) cyanobacteria.

C) methanogens.

D) chlorophytes.

E) rickettsias.

25) All of the following are features of the blue-green bacteria EXCEPT:

A) ability to both fix nitrogen and produce oxygen.

B) are autotrophs that produce both sugars and oxygen using light energy.

C) contain chlorophyll a and the phycobilins (phycocyanin and phycoerythrin).

D) produce a nitrogenous food reserve called cyanophycin.

E) have chloroplasts similar to those of plants for photosynthesis.

26) ________ are special cells that are able to fix nitrogen and serve as fragmentation sites for certain types of bacteria.

A) Filaments

B) Cocci

C) Akinetes

D) Heterocysts

E) Parenchyma

27) Thick-walled cells of Nostoc and Anabaena that can withstand freezing and other adverse conditions are called

A) heterocysts.

B) holdfasts.

C) akinetes.

D) bloom cells.

E) aplanospores.

28) Which of the following is NOT similar to chlorophyll a of higher plants?

A) chlorophyll b

B) bacteriochlorophyll

C) chlorophyll c

D) chlorobium chlorophyll

E) chlorophyll d

29) Which of the following groups is, as a whole, associated with extreme environments, including hot springs, highly salinity, and anaerobic conditions?

A) All of the true bacteria.

B) Cyanobacteria

C) Protochlorobacteria

D) Archaebacteria

E) Protists 

30) Which of the following bacteria are NOT autotrophic?

A) saprobic bacteria

B) prochlorobacteria

C) purple nonsulphur bacteria

D) purple sulphur bacteria

E) green sulphur bacteria

31) Which of the following is NOT involved in the reproduction or survival of blue-green bacteria?

A) fission

B) heterocysts

C) akinetes

D) fusion of gametes

E) DNA

32) The bright green prokaryotic organisms associated with sea squirts are called

A) filterable viruses.

B) prochlorobacteria.

C) green sulphur bacteria.

D) rickettsias.

E) Koch's jewels.

33) Bacteria that are capable of carrying on photosynthesis are

A) autotrophic.

B) heterotrophic.

C) parasitic.

D) saprobic.

E) nitrate synthesizers.

34) Which of the following is NOT associated with blue-green bacteria?

A) nitrogenous food reserve.

B) phycoerythrin

C) Golgi bodies

D) akinetes

E) phycocyanin

35) The microbiologist known for his research with archaebacteria and for proposing two different kingdoms for bacteria is

A) Christian Gram.

B) Robert Koch.

C) Richard A. Lewin.

D) George Papadapoulos.

E) Carl Woese.

36) Which of the following is NOT a group belonging to the archaebacteria?

A) methane bacteria

B) green sulphur bacteria

C) salt bacteria

D) sulpholobus bacteria

E) All of these answers are correct.

37) The methane bacteria derive their energy from the generation of methane gas from hydrogen and

A) carbon dioxide.

B) oxygen.

C) nitrogen.

D) water.

E) sulphur.

38) The red pigment that enables salt bacteria to carry on a simple form of photosynthesis is

A) anthocyanin.

B) carotene.

C) phycocyanin.

D) phycoerythrin.

E) bacterial rhodopsin.

39) "Will-o'-the wisps" (ignis fatuus) are associated with

A) purple sulphur bacteria.

B) green sulphur bacteria.

C) sulpholobus bacteria.

D) methane bacteria.

E) purple nonsulphur bacteria.

40) Which of the following bacteria usually has an exceptionally acidic (often less than pH 2) environment?

A) blue-green bacteria

B) hydrogen bacteria

C) sulpholobus bacteria

D) iron bacteria

E) chlamydias

41) Which of the following is/are possessed by both bacteria and viruses?

A) cellular structure

B) DNA or RNA

C) a nucleus

D) chlorophyll

E) flagella for locomotion

42) Cells of higher animals that are invaded by viruses produce a protein called

A) interferon.

B) cytochrome k.

C) viroamine.

D) phage.

E) fibril.

43) A virus that attacks a bacterium is called a/an

A) vector.

B) interferon.

C) bactovirus.

D) phage.

E) aggressoparticle.

44) In modern classifications of viruses, which of the following is now used initially to separate them into two major groups?

A) size

B) the DNA or RNA in their cores

C) shape

D) the nature of the protein coat

E) the number of identical structural units in their cores

45) Which of the following appears more promising than bacteria for the production of interferon?

A) viruses

B) algal cells

C) yeast cells

D) "sunbean" cells

E) All of these answers are correct.

46) Which of the following is NOT a virus?

A) HIV

B) bacteriophage

C) herpes

D) Epstein-Barr

E) None of these answers are correct

47) The exterior surface of a virus is usually ________.

A) an RNA molecule

B) a protein coat

C) the nucleic acid core

D) the envelope

E) a DNA molecule

48) Diseases such as rabies and polio are caused by ________, and can be prevented through ________.

A) bacteria; use of antibiotics

B) protozoans; use of antibiotics

C) viruses; use of antibiotics

D) viruses; vaccination

E) prions; vaccination

49) Bacteriophages are ________.

A) bacteria that cause Chagas disease

B) viruses that attack human cells

C) protozoans that infect red blood cells

D) harmless bacteria used in the production of vinegar

E) viruses that attach and kill bacteria

50) There are no known useful viruses.

51) Saprobic bacteria are primarily responsible for decay and recycling of organic matter in animal and plant remains and animal wastes. 

52) With the exception of the blue-green bacteria and photochlorobacteria, photosynthetic bacteria use either hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen of organic molecules and carbon dioxide produce carbohydrates without releasing oxygen.

53) Temperatures in a compost pile can become high enough to kill weed seeds.

54) Decomposed organic matter, especially plant matter, improves soil water holding capacity and soil structure but it isn't a very good fertilizer.

55) The toxins of tetanus and botulism bacteria are considerably more powerful than strychnine.

56) Those few blue-green bacteria capable of movement achieve movement by means of amoebalike "crawling."

57) When blue-green bacteria carry on photosynthesis, no carbohydrates are produced.

58) Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control a variety of plant-eating caterpillars (larvae).

59) Chalky, insoluble travertine deposits are precipitated by blue-green bacteria.

60) No blue-green bacteria have flagella and therefore none is capable of movement.

61) Blue-green bacteria, as well as certain other bacteria, can fix nitrogen.

62) All viruses have at their core the nucleic acid DNA.

63) Many bacteria are motile because they possess bacterial flagella.

64) Methane, salt, and sulpholobus bacteria have in common that they are members of the eubacteria.

65) Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain their energy through oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds such as NH3.

66) Blue-green bacteria possess chlorophyll a, but not chlorophyll b.

67) Viruses cannot be used to control other pests.