Chapter 16: The Body, Medicine, Health, and Health Care

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Michael Foucault's best-known book is which of these?

a. The Mind and Body Connection

b. Discipline and Punish

c. The History of the Body

d. The Alteration of the Mind

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Thinking of Michel Foucault

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What is the topic of Michel Foucault's book The Birth of the Clinic?

a. the treatment of criminals and their bodies

b. the historical shift in doctors focus from lists of diseases to human beings

c. the importance of sexuality and the role of the body in obtaining sexual pleasure

d. the development of gender-differentiated medical research

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Thinking of Michel Foucault

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Which of these often leads to dissatisfaction with the body, especially because of influence from peers and media?

a. reflexivity

b. hypersexuality

c. consumptive beauty

d. adolescence

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Healthy Body: Lifestyle, Beauty, and Fitness

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Metabolic Syndrome refers to a combination of conditions including high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and which of these?

a. high mental distress

b. low immune function

c. high body mass

d. low pain tolerance

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Healthy Body: Lifestyle, Beauty, and Fitness

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. According to Ryan Hatch, what must be included to adequately address Metabolic Syndrome?

a. mental health

b. social and environmental factors

c. age

d. media coverage

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Healthy Body: Lifestyle, Beauty, and Fitness

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Young girls are increasingly concerned with their physical appearance, going on diets and turning to extreme forms of exercising. Which society is associated with this phenomenon?

a. hyperflexive society

b. hypoflexive society

c. automative society

d. reflexive society

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Healthy Body: Lifestyle, Beauty, and Fitness

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What is the premise of Naomi Wolf's book The Beauty Myth?

a. Beauty standards are biological.

b. Peers are strong influencers of girl’s body image.

c. The media sets unattainable standards for beauty.

d. Most women are no longer concerned with beauty because of feminism.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Beauty: Cultural Contexts

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of these is a commodity that people may try to buy through great effort, pain, and large sums of money?

a. self-esteem

b. beauty

c. reflexivity

d. happiness

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Quest for the Ideal, the Consumption of Beauty, and the Fit Body

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Looks-related stress and depression can be found globally among men and women; however, ______ are particularly susceptible.

a. young women

b. older women

c. athletic men

d. out-of-shape men

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Quest for the Ideal, the Consumption of Beauty, and the Fit Body

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Exercise-related injuries in sports have been ______ in recent years.

a. stagnant

b. decreasing

c. increasing

d. impossible to document

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fitness and the Healthy Body

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Mitchell is a wrestler who frequently stops eating to make his goal weight for matches. Mitchell may be at risk for which of these?

a. anorexia

b. hyperanorexia

c. hypoanorexia

d. manorexia

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Fitness and the Healthy Body

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. What percentage of the U.S. adult population report having one or more tattoos?

a. 12%

b. 22%

c. 42%

d. 62%

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Body Modifications

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. What does German sociologist Ulrich Beck mean when he says we live in a risk society?

a. People are afraid to take risks.

b. People who are poor tend to take more risks.

c. Many people take risks that endanger their heath, their bodies, and their lives.

d. People from larger cities tend to take more risks than those from rural areas.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Risky Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which of these is an example of a risky behavior?

a. cigarette smoking

b. dancing

c. texting

d. professional skiing

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Risky Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which industry has the highest rate of fatal work injuries?

a. manufacturing

b. construction

c. transportation

d. mining and oil and gas extraction

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location:

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. By 2018 women earned what percentage of medical degrees?

a. 17%

b. 27%

c. 47%

d. 67%

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Medical Profession

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. On average, what percentage of men’s pay do women physicians make?

a. 100%

b. 80%

c. 60%

d. 50%

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Medical Profession

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The process of deprofessionalization refers to the fact that the power of ______ has declined in recent years, whereas the power of ______ has increased.

a. doctors; nurses

b. doctors; patients

c. surgeons; nurses

d. nurses; surgeons

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Medical Profession

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of these is associated with the decreasing power of doctors according to your text?

a. lack of insurance coverage and patient ability to pay

b. increasing feminization of the field

c. patients through the internet can inform themselves about medical problems and options

d. less government regulation

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Medical Profession

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Increasingly the Internet offers more and more health information for consumers. Which of these is a result according to your text?

a. People see doctors more often.

b. Patients are more informed about their health.

c. Patients are more likely to see women doctors.

d. People have increased their insurance coverage.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Medical Profession

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which type of practice allows someone to retain a physician as their private doctor, paying an annual fee as well as an appointment fee?

a. concierge medicine

b. deprofessionalized medicine

c. group medicine

d. telemedicine

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Sociology of Health and Medicine

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Sandy is a nurse who is often asked to engage in helping her patients emotionally cope as well as physically recover. Sandy is experiencing which of these?

a. discrimination

b. occupational segregation

c. emotion work

d. intuitive labor

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Sociology of Health and Medicine

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. In 2017, the U.S. spent ______ of its GDP on health expenditures, ranking ______ in country expenditures as a proportion of GDP.

a. 0.7%; last

b. 7%; twentieth

c. 10.7%, fiftieth

d. 17%; first

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Weaknesses in the U.S. Healthcare System

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Why does medicine cost so much in the U.S.?

a. People in the U.S. don’t engage in preventative health care and are sicker when they go to doctors

b. The U.S. has a young population with many medical needs.

c. The medical industry is driven by a for-profit model.

d. U.S. medicine is actually very cost-effective.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Weaknesses in the U.S. Healthcare System

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Annette has a sore throat and she contacts a service called iPhysician on the Internet to get instant information. Which of these is she enlisting?

a. concierge medicine

b. telemedicine

c. doctor blogging

d. deprofessionalization

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Digital Living: Telemedicine

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which of these is correlated with poorer health?

a. lower social class

b. born before 1970

c. from any social class but engage in bad health habits

d. male

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. People in the lower social classes have a greater likelihood of experiencing which of these?

a. poor health

b. adequate housing

c. live in the suburbs and feel a sense of security

d. are unlikely to take illegal drugs

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Social Class and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. How many years less is Black Americans’ life expectancy than White Americans’?

a. 1.7

b. 3.7

c. 10.7

d. 15.7

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Race and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of these is TRUE for Black Americans?

a. They are overrepresented in high-status health care positions.

b. They are likely to overuse the medical system.

c. The stress they experience from racism contributes to decreased life expectancy.

d. They continue to lack medical representation in research studies.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Race and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Research funded by the National Institutes of Health must now include proportionate numbers of which of these unless researchers receive a special dispensation to bypass this requirement?

a. women

b. children

c. racial minorities

d. disabled individuals

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Race and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Studies show the ratio of men to women who have coronary artery disease is which of these?

a. widening

b. staying the same

c. narrowing

d. not a concern to doctors

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Gender and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Why is there little knowledge regarding women and coronary heart disease?

a. Doctors often refuse to treat women who have this disease.

b. Women were historically not included in clinical trials.

c. This subject is not covered in medical schools.

d. Women are less likely to visit a doctor if they feel unwell.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Gender and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Which of these is the process of labeling as an illness a phenomenon or syndrome that was NOT previously considered such?

a. telemedicine

b. medical tourism

c. medicalization

d. deprofessionalization

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Gender and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Which of these have been medicalized for women?

a. diabetes

b. reproductive health

c. coronary artery disease

d. headaches

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Gender and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Which of these is a key aspect of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)?

a. All people in the U.S. are required to have health insurance.

b. Medicaid coverage is decreased for the poor.

c. Employers with more than 200 employees are required to provide health insurance for them.

d. Health insurance companies most cover 50% of applicants who have pre-existing conditions.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Care Reform in the United States

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Which of these is associated with the rise of Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) premiums?

a. too many young people enrolled

b. doctors began to charge much more for services

c. too many healthy people enrolled

d. too many sick people enrolled

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Care Reform in the United States

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Which of these is the best example of increasing consumerism in contemporary medicine?

a. the decision to market pharmaceutical drugs directly to consumers

b. the use of the Internet to self-diagnose

c. the willingness to travel to other countries to obtain drugs or operations that are illegal in the U.S.

d. the increased use of complementary and alternative medicine around the world

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Consumerism and Health Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Which of these groups is most at risk of developing acute and chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries?

a. children

b. middle-aged men

c. middle-aged women

d. elderly men and women

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disease

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Countries in the ______ suffer disproportionately from hunger and malnutrition.

a. Global West

b. Global North

c. Global East

d. Global South

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Malnutrition

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. The greatest problem in the less-developed world is which of these?

a. undernutrition

b. overnutrition

c. diminishing population

d. unsanitary conditions

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Malnutrition

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. Which of these exists when people do NOT have access to safe and nutritious food?

a. food security

b. food stress

c. food shortages

d. food insecurity

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Malnutrition

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. According to the World Health Organization, how many people die globally each year because of direct tobacco use?

a. 2 million

b. 4 million

c. 6 million

d. 10 million

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Smoking

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Which of these has its greatest impact on the less well-off and most vulnerable populations in the developing world?

a. malaria

b. cholera

c. mononucleosis

d. tuberculosis

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Borderless Diseases

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. The global mobility of borderless diseases can be attributed to which of these?

a. decreases in human migration that keep diseases in one country, making them more virulent

b. restrictions on global travel that don’t allow for doctors to assist in global care

c. increases in human involvement regarding natural habitats previously untouched by human beings

d. failure of pharmaceutical companies to create new medications

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Borderless Diseases

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Which area has been most devastated by AIDS?

a. Middle East and North Africa

b. Eastern and Southern Africa

c. Latin America

d. Asia and the Pacific

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: HIV/AIDS

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Bacteria resistant to all drugs are known as which of these?

A. superbugs

b. Spanish flu bugs

c. post-antibiotic strains

d. flus

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Superbugs

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. Which of these is TRUE of the effect of war on health and well-being?

a. Twice as much money in the developing world is spent on the military than is spent on health and education.

b. Fifty percent of war casualties are civilians.

c. Warfare significantly increases negative mental health outcomes.

d. Warfare unexpectedly has a positive effect on food insecurity.

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Impact of War on Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. Which of these is TRUE of the Ebola vaccine?

a. No vaccine has been developed because no technologies exist to combat Ebola.

b. No vaccine has been developed because too few people have died from Ebola.

c. After people from developed countries were infected drug companies have made significant progress in developing a vaccine.

d. A successful vaccine has been developed and people are now routinely vaccinated.

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Globalization and Improvements in Health and Health Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. Which of these is more likely to be found in the Global North than the Global South?

a. superbugs

b. MRIs

c. flu

d. Ebola

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Globalization and Improvements in Health and Health Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. According to the chapter text, one reason that sociologists see health and the body as a major concern for sociology is because health issues vary by social categories such as race and gender.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Body, Medicine, Health, and Health Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Michel Foucault’s work focused on the relationship between bodies, society, and culture.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Thinking of Michel Foucault

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The culture turn toward reflexivity has had positive and negative effects on people’s bodies.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Healthy Body: Lifestyle, Beauty, and Fitness

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Metabolic syndrome, while based on real physical markers, is also a social construct that fails to consider social and environmental factors.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Healthy Body: Lifestyle, Beauty, and Fitness

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. African American women report more satisfaction with their bodies than biracial women.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Beauty: Cultural Contexts

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Looks-related stress affects primarily men today, a significant shift from the past.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Quest for the Ideal, the Consumption of Beauty, and the Fit Body

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. In consumer culture, beauty has become a commodity that can be bought through great effort, often pain, and almost always expenditures of large sums of money.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Quest for the Ideal, the Consumption of Beauty, and the Fit Body

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Tattoos and piercings continue to be seen as culturally deviant.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Body Modifications

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Sociologist Ulrich Beck argues that we live in a body-oriented society.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Risky Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. It may well be that taking some risks makes some people happier and mentally, and perhaps even physically, healthier.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Risky Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Medical sociology addresses a wide variety of specific issues such as racial-ethnic differences in health care.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Sociology of Health and Medicine

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. One major recent change for the medical profession is the decline of patients as prosumers.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Sociology of Health and Medicine

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The medical profession has gotten more diverse over the last 50 years, but white males still make the highest starting salaries on average.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Medical Profession

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Deprofessionalization is associated with decreased status, decreased autonomy, and decreased wealth.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Medical Profession

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Concierge practice is a new form of affordable medical care.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Medical Profession

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The nursing profession has changed in recent years from female-dominated to male-dominated.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Medical Profession

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. In 2017, the cost of health care spending in the U.S. was about $1,739 per person.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Weaknesses in the U.S. Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The high cost of healthcare in the U.S. produces excellent outcomes such as lowest global rates of infant mortality and highest life expectancy.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Weaknesses in the U.S. Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Telemedicine increases the amount of time that patients must spend on travel and waiting for appointments.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Weaknesses in the U.S. Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The lower one’s social class, the poorer one’s health is likely to be.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Weaknesses in the U.S. Health Care System: Social Class and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Early childhood differences in health by social class tend to have long-lasting effects over the life span.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Social Class and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Blacks tend to underutilize the health care system and be healthier than whites.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Race and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Medicalization is the process of labeling and defining aspects of life as medical problems that were NOT previously so labeled and defined.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Sociology of Health and Medicine: Gender and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Childbirth is treated as a sickness in the U.S.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care: Gender and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. The Internet has enabled the rise of prosumers around health care.

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Internet and The Consumption of Health Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. The Internet’s medical services and information is highly regulated to ensure the quality of products and information.

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Internet and The Consumption of Health Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. One effect of globalization is that all populations are now aware of the health risks associated with smoking.

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Smoking

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Undernutrition is a form of malnutrition that mainly affects people in the most developed countries.

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Malnutrition

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. The population that is most vulnerable to the spread of HIV/AIDS is the least likely to have access to high-quality health care and expensive drugs that can slow the progress of the disease.

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: HIV/AIDS

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Migration has contributed to the increase in “borderless diseases.”

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Borderless Diseases

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Discuss the role the media has played regarding women and beauty. Give two specific examples from your own life experiences.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis and Application

Answer Location: The Healthy Body: Lifestyle, Beauty, and Fitness

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Define the concept of a risk society and discuss two ways that people can take risk that have the potential to jeopardize their health.

Learning Objective: 16.1: Discuss sociological concepts that relate to the body.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Risky Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Define the term deprofessionalization and discuss two ways this phenomenon has occurred in recent years.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Sociology of Health and Medicine

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss two problems found within the U.S. health care system and discuss how the U.S. health care system compares to countries around the world.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Weaknesses in the U.S. Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss three points explaining the relationship between social class, race, and health in the U.S.

Learning Objective: 16.2: Outline medical sociology’s approach to health issues in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inequalities in U.S. Health Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Discuss the AIDS epidemic, including its prevalence, where it is most problematic, and how it is linked to globalization.

Learning Objective: 16.3 Describe the relationship between globalization and current major health problems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: HIV/AIDS

Difficulty Level: Hard