Chapter 15: Positive Schooling and Good Work: The Psychology of Gainful Employment and the Education That Gets Us There

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What is one component of schooling that can most improve the learning of students?

A. high teacher quality

B. scheduled programs

C. more computers

D. critical thinking

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Negative Psychology: “Those Who Can’t, Shouldn’t Be Teaching”
Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The American ideal (as defined within the text) has been that public education should make one’s life outcomes less dependent upon family status and more dependent on which of the following?

A. computers in classrooms

B. after-school activities

C. the quality of public education

D. school uniforms

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: “No Child Left Behind” and Beyond

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What was concluded by the Coleman Report from 1966?

A. Schools do not provide adequate meals for children.

B. Schools do not make much of a difference in the outcomes of students.

C. Schools are more helpful for minority students.

D. Schools are overly dependent on government action.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: “No Child Left Behind” and Beyond

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What would need to be in place for a school to attract and keep higher quality teachers?

A. high achieving students to work with

B. a small number of students

C. greater standards of achievement

D. higher salaries

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: “No Child Left Behind” and Beyond

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What educational act succeeded the No Child Left Behind Act?

A. Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

B. Child Protection Act (CPA)

C. Advancement via Individual Determination (AVID)

D. Educational Improvement Act (EIA)

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: “No Child Left Behind” and Beyond

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Alfred Binet is often seen as the father of ______.

A. class placements

B. mental assessments

C. the mental age notion

D. test design

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Components of Positive Schooling

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Identify the components of positive schooling.

A. establishment, plans and motivation, hope, social contributions

B. foundation, plans and motivation, hope, social contributions

C. establishment, plans and organization, expectations, social contributions

D. foundation, plans and organization, expectations, social contributions

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Components of Positive Schooling

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Why is it crucial to have a supportive atmosphere of care and trust in the classroom environment?

A. for students to feel appreciated

B. students will pay attention

C. to allow students to face their problems

D. so that students flourish

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A local teacher is known for fostering a positive atmosphere in the classroom. She promotes trust, caring, and respect among the students, which in turn has given this teacher a great rapport with her students. This type of environment helps to do which of the following?

A. helps students flourish

B. helps students behave appropriately

C. helps students cooperate

D. helps students focus

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What does trust in the classroom yield?

A. more friendships among students

B. more respect for teachers

C. psychological and performance benefits for students

D. a more developed learning environment

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Developmental discipline theory is derived from attachment theory principles and helps students who have ______.

A. secure attachments with caregivers

B. insecure attachments with caregivers

C. insecure attachments to teachers

D. secure attachments with teachers

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. A new teacher finds that he or she has several “difficult” students in their classroom. This teacher decides to establish trusting relationships with these students operating under the logic that this will have a “ripple effect” on the other students. This method is known as which of the following?

A. poor teacher quality

B. creative teaching

C. discreet discipline

D. developmental discipline

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of the following must teachers avoid, as it undermines the trust that is so crucial for learning?

A. becoming cynical of students

B. being biased toward certain students

C. playfulness toward students

D. unintentionally boring students

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. At times, the very best teaching results when the instructor does which of the following?

A. avoids slipping off into tangents

B. promotes classroom discussion

C. is quiet and listens to the views of the students in a class

D. explains everything and then allows students to work together

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. How can teachers can help students broaden their cultural experiences?

A. allowing them to read world literature

B. encouraging them to be inclusive in their social circles

C. showing them different news channels and sources

D. raising funds for studying abroad

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. What outcome does the jigsaw classroom approach yield?

A. multicultural competency for teachers

B. classroom coherence among students

C. effectiveness in critical thinking situations

D. the students learn the content and to respect each other

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. What method would allow for a more culturally inclusive way of having students work in group?

A. assigning groups by first name

B. allowing students to pick groups

C. grouping students who have similar grades

D. have another teacher pick the groups

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The text outlined several goals of positive psychology schooling. Which of the following illustrates a large part of this method?

A. to make scholastic programs that emphasize diversity

B. to make sure that everyone is learning

C. to make certain that we have programs to stimulate our truly gifted students

D. to employ programs that help students with learning disabilities

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. How does group work facilitate learning?

A. Students must listen to everyone in their group.

B. Grades are determined by group cooperation.

C. Multiple perspectives must be considered.

D. Group work fosters friendships.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Goals (Content)

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Out of the several goals defined by Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, which of the following is considered the most growth inducing on targets aimed at learning efforts?

A. future goals

B. outcome goals

C. self-goals

D. stretch goals

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Goals (Content)

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. How does Cialdini promote content learning in students?

A. mystery stories

B. word problems

C. problem solving

D. jigsaw puzzles

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Plans

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. A teacher instructed their students to do at-home explorations to apply the course materials in a different context. This technique is helpful because it raises student motivation by doing which of the following?

A. allowing the parents of students get involved

B. encouraging the students to work harder

C. making the material relevant

D. increasing student computer skills

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Plans

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. What are motivated teachers sensitive to in their students?

A. dreams and goals

B. needs and reactions

C. economic and health status

D. comments and performance

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Motivation (Plus Enlivening the Course Contents for Students)

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. A teacher is known for taking risks and trying new approaches in classes, as well as showing enthusiasm for lessons. What does this help to do which of the for students?

A. raise involvement

B. raise awareness

C. raise attention

D. raise motivation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Motivation (Plus Enlivening the Course Contents for Students)

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. What kind of student believes that she or he will continue to learn long after stepping out of the classroom?

A. a hopeful student

B. a relaxed student

C. a prepared student

D. a determined student

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hope

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Strengths-based schooling not only allows for the learning of the course content, but also produces one of the following outcomes in learners. Which one?

A. confidence

B. trust

C. hope

D. resilience

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hope

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. What is the “final positive psychology lesson” that is learned at the rooftop in the positive learning school building metaphor?

A. Students go on to partake in higher education and move on to successful careers.

B. Students understand how they are part of the larger scheme and share the information with others.

C. Students become better role models and give useful feedback to teachers.

D. Students learn more on average and stay out of trouble.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Societal Contributions

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. According to Freud, what are the two parts of a healthy lifestyle?

A. friends and family

B. health and wealth

C. love and health

D. love and work

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gainful Employment

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. What is something that an employee needs to have for work to be fulfilling?

A. a variety of duties

B. earn a high wage

C. have paid vacation

D. have plenty of sick days

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gainful Employment

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. A construction worker really enjoys their coworkers and manager. They work as a team and tackle daily challenges. What does this job allow the worker to feel?

A. spirited

B. mastery

C. satisfaction

D. relaxed

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Gainful Employment: Happiness, Satisfaction, and Beyond

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. A lawyer is very involved with their clients and cases and is always well-prepared in court. The lawyer often tackles more than others think possible, only because the lawyer is very confident in their workability. What is this characteristic of?

A. career confidence

B. career self-efficacy

C. gainful employment

D. social capital

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Performing Well and Meeting Goals

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. What is implied by research about achieving high career self-efficacy in Asian or African Americans through constructivist approaches?

A. They could become more effective at their job after constructive criticism.

B. They can create a positive narrative based on what happens at work.

C. They can personalize their work by tailoring it to their strengths.

D. They could make personal meaning out of the factors that affected their career choices.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Performing Well and Meeting Goals

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. If an employer was looking to increase performance or job satisfaction, what kind of goals should they set?

A. clear small goals leading up to the company’s larger goal

B. large, ambitious goals that present a daunting challenge the employees

C. goals that are the same as the company’s competitor

D. goals that only the best and brightest employees can achieve

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Performing Well and Meeting Goals

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. For an employee to find job satisfaction, what do they need to have as a component of their work?

A. social get-togethers with coworkers

B. a raise or promotion early on

C. providing a needed product or service

D. an excellent benefits package

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Deriving Purpose by Providing a Product or Service

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. What is a characteristic of an engaging job?

A. there is ambiguity in what duties one has

B. having chances to develop

C. non-strenuous tasks

D. the tasks deviate from what is expected

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engagement and Involvement

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Which characteristic should be present for someone to remain committed to their job?

A. opportunities for raises

B. frequent coworker gatherings

C. positional security

D. positive affect

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Engagement and Involvement

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. What can the experience of flow in the workplace be described as?

A. becoming so involved into your work that you lose track of time

B. being able to perform a variety of tasks

C. completing activities that bring about a sense of worth

D. not remembering what you just did

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Engagement and Involvement

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Someone feels as though their job tasks have become so routine that the tasks can be completed without even thinking about it. What is this person experiencing?

A. cyclic work

B. lack of engagement

C. presenteeism

D. burnout

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Variety in Job Duties

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. What does the Positive Parenting program provide for a family?

A. helps families budget their income

B. helps parents understand how to balance work and family

C. helps parents find a flexible job

D. helps parents plan activities for their children

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Income for Family and Self

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. What financial circumstances have had an influence on preserving opposite-sex partnerships and family relationships?

A. a stagnation in wages

B. women beginning to outearn men on average

C. a substantial difference in earnings between men and women

D. the increasing number of women in the workforce

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Income for Family and Self

Difficulty Level: Hard

41. Until recently research has shown that it is beneficial, what was discouraged in the workplace?

A. friendships between coworkers and managers

B. lengthy conference calls

C. competitive goals

D. extensive training programs

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Companionship and Loyalty to Coworkers and Bosses: Friends at Work

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. Since most injuries happen at work, what is a benefit of keeping workers physically safe and injury free?

A. workers can be more productive without fear of injury

B. less money needs to be spent on insurance

C. better health in other life areas

D. less reservations about working for a company

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Safe Work Environments

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. What can be the result of having proper diversity management in the workplace?

A. higher salaries

B. better group performance

C. a decrease in conflict

D. greater job security

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Respect and Appreciation for Diversity in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. When a boss is understanding and willing to go the extra step for an employee, what quality does this boss have?

A. a warm heart

B. sympathy

C. respect

D. authenticity

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Having or Being a Good Boss

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Which of the following summarizes the influence of an authentic boss in the workplace?

A. They are influential in positive outcomes and gainful employment.

B. They can terminate employees in a way that does not result in resentment.

C. They are influential in creating profit for the company.

D. They allow all workers to share positive sentiments and transgressions.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Having or Being a Good Boss

Difficulty Level: Hard

46. Employees who find themselves unhappy at work tend to perform with less effort and enthusiasm. Instead of the company trying to fix the deficiencies of their employees, they should be discovering what an employee’s strengths and talents might be. What test should these employees take?

A. the Pennebaker Test

B. the Via Strengths Inventory

C. the Clifton StrengthsFinder

D. the Work–Life Questionnaire

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Does It Work?

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. What assessment method allows a person to increase awareness of their own natural and learned talents?

A. the Work–Life Questionnaire

B. the strengths-based approach to gainful employment

C. the Pennebaker Strengths Test

D. the Meaning of Life Questionnaire

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Stages of This Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. What are the facilities and physical assets of traditional economic capital?

A. people and goods

B. hunt and gather

C. trade and profit

D. equipment and technology

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Traditional Economic Capital

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. The employees at every level of a company are referred to as ______.

A. human capital

B. body capital

C. social capital

D. worker capital

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Capital

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. What are the assets based on “who you know” a result of?

A. human capital

B. traditional capital

C. social capital

D. psychological capital

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Capital

Difficulty Level: Easy

51. What distinguishes social capital from human capital, which refers to all employees?

A. Social capital taps into relationships outside of work.

B. Social capital refers to the relationships within a workplace.

C. Social capital focuses on ratings of sociability.

D. Social capital cannot be observed.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Capital

Difficulty Level: Hard

52. What are the four components that positive psychological capital consists of?

A. values, ideologies, religion, and love

B. trust, hope, respect, and values

C. certainty, assurance, optimism, and desire

D. efficacy, hope, optimism, and resiliency

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Positive Psychological Capital

Difficulty Level: Easy

53. Someone is so engaged and obsessed with their work that it becomes very difficult to disengage from it to attend to other responsibilities. What is this characteristic of?

A. workaholism

B. hard work

C. burnout

D. drive

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Workaholics

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. What areas should be emphasized when training a person who is experiencing burnout?

A. meditation, managing family life, and when to take vacation

B. time management, budgeting, and stress

C. goal setting, problem resolution, and time management

D. challenges, interaction between coworkers, and crisis prevention

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Burnout

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. A local teacher has begun to show a lack of enthusiasm in the classroom, as well as putting a lack of effort into his daily lesson plans. This teacher is showing signs of which of the following?

A. laziness

B. burnout

C. fatigue

D. poor education

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Burnout

Difficulty Level: Medium

56. Gainful employment is not only crucial to a person’s positive outlook on life, but also to a person’s physical health. Those who suffer from a job loss are also more likely to suffer from what?

A. cancer

B. increased risk behavior

C. poor relationships

D. death

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Losing Your Job

Difficulty Level: Easy

57. Which of the following has been shown to be helpful for workers’ mental health and well-being?

A. flexible work schedules

B. increased workload

C. tighter deadlines

D. frequent conferencing

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Making the Job Better

Difficulty Level: Easy

58. Which of the following is suggested for making work better?

A. venting frustrations about work policies to other coworkers

B. perform easy and unchanging tasks that do not rely on much effort

C. form bonds with other employees

D. be persistent in requesting a raise

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Making the Job Better

Difficulty Level: Medium

59. The authors suggest that individuals who face difficulties in finding work can use psychological strategies, such as ______.

A. defense mechanisms

B. learned optimism

C. rumination

D. altruism

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Applying for a New Job

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. A coach highly enjoys the game of basketball and looks forward to work every day. While the coach does not make much money, they enjoy being a positive influence on their players. Which of the following terms best applies to this example?

A. an occupation

B. a mentoring program

C. a career

D. a calling

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: When Work Becomes a Calling: The Tale of a Hospital Orderly

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Teacher achievements and adequate preparation were strong predictors of student success in math.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Negative Psychology: “Those Who Can’t, Shouldn’t Be Teaching”
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The “No Child Left Behind” Act was created as a revision to the “Every Student Succeeds Act.”

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: “No Child Left Behind” and Beyond
Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Positive schooling involves a foundation of care, trust, and respect for diversity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Components of Positive Schooling
Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Developmental discipline involves matching a child’s aggressive temperament, depending on their developmental level.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity
Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Developing classroom demonstrations and at-home exploration are examples of how to increase relevance of material.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Plans
Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Research shows that instructors should refrain from increasing accountability for students.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Motivation (Plus Enlivening the Course Contents for Students)
Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Freud claimed that the key to healthy living is the ability to love and to work.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gainful Employment
Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Happiness at work is related to higher overall life satisfaction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gainful Employment: Happiness, Satisfaction, and Beyond
Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Good performance at work is related to a lack of clarity in goals because employees enjoy working around the ambiguity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Performing Well and Meeting Goals
Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Engagement at work is related to satisfaction of daily needs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engagement and Involvement
Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Financial reasons have been cited as having low importance when making life decisions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Income for Family and Self

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Socialization and friendship at work has traditionally been acceptable.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Companionship and Loyalty to Coworkers and Bosses: Friends at Work
Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Genuineness and authenticity are characteristic of good bosses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Having or Being a Good Boss
Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Traditional economic capital is focused on the employees in the workplace.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Traditional Economic Capital
Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Research shows that women with unemployment history show a greater risk of suicide.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Losing Your Job
Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Describe the “jigsaw classroom” and its benefits.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Care, Trust, and Respect for Diversity
Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Explain presenteeism, its manifestation, and how someone who is struggling with presenteeism can improve their work experiences.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Variety in Job Duties
Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss why a business should be encouraged to move to use psychological capital.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Positive Psychological Capital
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Describe an experience in which you felt burnout at work or school and use the research on the factors that influence burnout to support your description. If you have not experienced burnout, explain the factors that have prevented you from experiencing this.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Burnout
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Identify four of the nine suggested ways to improve one’s job.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Making the Job Better
Difficulty Level: Hard