Ch.12 Test Bank Neurocognitive Disorders

Chapter 12: Neurocognitive Disorders

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Ali has difficulty speaking. He also experiences memory deficits and issues with making plans and thinking abstractly. Ali suffers from behavioral disturbances that result from damage to the brain, which is technically referred to as a(n) ____.

2. In neurocognitive disorders, ____.

3. Sanjay was diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder. Which of the following could be the specific diagnosis?

4. Professor Solomon tells her class, "Neurocognitive disorders are diagnosed through a process of elimination. Neurocognitive disorders may be due to a specific medical condition, a substance-induced condition, or may result from multiple etiologies. The category of neurocognitive disorders is arbitrary because other mental disorders may be associated with neurocognitive disorders and organic involvement. It is always difficult to measure, assess, and determine the causes of neurocognitive disorders." Which part of Professor Solomon's statement is accurate?

5. Which of the following is considered a possible cause of neurocognitive disorders?

6. Which condition involves memory impairment and declining cognitive functioning resulting from degenerative brain conditions?

7. What neuroimaging technique that is used to produce images of metabolic activity in the brain?

8. Tonya is suspected of having a brain tumor. She goes to the hospital, where a detailed image of her brain is produced using a magnetic field and radio frequency pulses. What kind of brain assessment took place?

9. Medical professionals utilize ____, which allow them to noninvasively visualize brain structures and monitor activity within the brain.

10. Dr. Pushkin is seeing a new patient whom she suspects has a neurocognitive disorder. Dr. Pushkin wants to assess quickly the patient's overall cognitive functioning, including the patient's memory, attentional skills, and orientation to time and place. What instrument will Dr. Pushkin most likely use to conduct this assessment?

11. Brenda is undergoing a test that combines X-rays and computer analysis to assess her brain damage. Which test is being used?

12. MRIs and other forms structural and functional neurological tests are most properly used to assess ____.

13. Richardson, et al. (2014) found four times more residue from ____ in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

14. Strokes damaging the left side of the brain typically affect ____, as well as physical movement on the right half of the body; whereas strokes occurring within the right hemisphere can ____ in addition to impairing motor movement on the left side of the body.

15. The leading causes of traumatic brain injuries are ____.

16. The three major categories of neurocognitive disorders listed in the DSM-5 are ____.

17. In order to receive a DSM-5 diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder, individuals must demonstrate significant decline in ____.

18. Late on Saturday night, Dennie is taken to the hospital after drinking twenty beers. His confusion, rambling, and incoherent speech stop as soon as the alcohol is out of his system. This incident illustrates ____.

19. Which elderly person is at highest risk for developing some type of dementia?

20. Forgetting names of significant others and displaying difficulties with impulse control are examples ofsymptoms commonly associated with ____.

21. The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder is ____.

22. Rozee is 91years old. Her doctor suspects that she may have Parkinson's disease because she ____.

23. The estimated number of individuals with AD in the U.S. is ____.

24. Who has the lowest risk for developing dementia in the next year?

25. The primary distinction between major and minor neurocognitive disorder is ____.

26. Which of the following can cause a neurocognitive disorder?

27. A characteristic that distinguishes delirium from mild and major neurocognitive disorder is the ____.

28. When a neurocognitive disorder is characterized by significant memory impairment and cognitive disturbances, or significant disturbances in planning and abstracting in thought processes, it is considered to be ____.

29. Jed, age 80, was hospitalized for a hip surgery. He is now exhibiting confusion about the time of day or day of week. He is unable to focus on anything. These symptoms started after his surgery. What is a likely diagnosis?

30. Marcus is 83 takes a long time to think about and say what he is thinking. Simple thoughts take a lot of effort, and he needs help with his finances. He developed this condition very suddenly and has experienced a steady cognitive decline since it began. Marcus was diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder. What aspect of his case is unusual?

31. Rose, 89 years old, has had a gradual loss of memory affecting skills such as remembering people's names and phone numbers. However, in her Bible study class, she makes insightful comments and understands the topic of discussion. This would suggest that Rose is experiencing ____.

32. Which statement about dementia is accurate?

33. Dr. Berkins told her gerontology students that there are three major neurocognitive disorder categories listed in the DSM-5. These include major neurocognitive disorder, delirium, and ____.

34. Among elderly individuals, episodes of delirium are often associated with ____.

35. Ian suddenly became incoherent at 3 a.m. yesterday. He was agitated and unable to focus his attention and did not know where he was when taken to the hospital. After two days, the cocaine was out of his system and his cognitive functioning returned to normal. What form of neurocognitive disorder did he display?

36. Because of high blood pressure, lack of physical exercise, and heavy smoking, Donald is at risk for having ____.

37. The core feature of Alzheimer’s disease is ____.

38. What is most important to survival and recovery from a traumatic brain injury?

39. Hazel was not wearing her helmet when she had an accident on her bicycle. As she fell, her brain was punctured by a broken spoke from the wheel of her bike, causing a rupture of her brain and hemorrhaging. Hazel experiences which type of head injury?

40. "A physical wound or internal injury to the brain" defines a(n) ____.

41. Harold was involved in a fight and received several kicks to the head. A CT scan revealed bruising of his cortex. Harold's symptoms suggest ____.

42. Sophie is playing volleyball. As she is about to spike the ball over the net, another player on her team accidentally collides with her, and Sophie hits her head against one of the metal poles that holds up the net. Sophie loses consciousness for a few seconds and, in a daze, she walks to the bench to sit down. Although she has a headache for a couple of weeks, she suffers no other effects from the blow. Sophie has experienced what type of brain injury?

43. Priscilla is in an auto accident that causes her head to crash against the windshield. Her brain is pressed against the skull and bruised by the impact. She loses consciousness for three days, but none of the brain tissue is torn. Priscilla experienced a ____.

44. Hilary was involved in a shooting that left her with traumatic brain injury. She spent several weeks in a coma. Afterward, she experienced headaches, disorientation, confusion, and irritability, as well as depression. She was then diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. What, if any, aspect of Hilary's case is unusual?

45. Andre has been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, which is causing problems with voluntary motor movement. What experimental treatment might help his brain resume producing dopamine?

46. Which of the following is a common outcome of severe brain trauma?

47. Vascular neurocognitive disorders can result from ____ and ____.

48. A clogging of the arteries resulting from a build-up of plaque composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances is called ____.

49. Dr. Metzner is the director of a large nursing home. He and his staff are likely treating which of the following among the stroke patients?

50. Which statement about strokes is accurate?

51. Mr. Pappadopolis has a neurocognitive disorder that has caused an interesting symptom: He no longer acknowledges the left side of his body. For example, he does not shave the left side of his face or button his left shirt cuff. This is a sign that he ____.

52. Vascular cognitive impairment, and atherosclerosis are terms associated with ____.

53. Logan has suffered a deterioration of some of his intellectual and physical abilities that has occurred over the course of a long period of time. Logan is experiencing the death of brain cells. Which condition is occurring?

54. Age-related decreases in cognitive function ____.

55. Wilma is 76 years old and has noticed that her memory is not as sharp as it was earlier in her life. This memory loss might be due to which of the following?

56. An individual with age-associated cognitive decline is likely to ____.

57. Research conducted by Hankey (2011) has found that factors such as hypertension, smoking, abdominal obesity, limited physical activity, and stress account for ____ of the risk of stroke.

58. A series of small strokes or a temporary blockage in blood flow leading to the brain is a condition known as ____.

59. The senior center in a large town is interested in the cognitive problems that its clients are likely to have. Research suggests that normally-aging clients are most likely to experience ____.

60. What is the strongest risk factor for dementia?

61. At age 64, Mrs. Willis began a long mental decline. She first showed memory loss and irritability, then delusions, social withdrawal and dementia. She died at age 68 and autopsy showed neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in her brain. Mrs. Willis most likely had ____.

62. A handout on Alzheimer's disease says, "Alzheimer's is the third leading cause of dementia in older persons. It only affects the elderly, it causes marked deterioration in mental functioning without emotional disturbances, and it has no cure." Which portion of this statement is accurate?

63. Neurofibrillary tangles, memory loss, and beta-amyloid plaques are most related to ____.

64. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is ____.

65. Current research suggests that genetic factors ____.

66. Skip undergoes a surgical procedure in which electrodes are implanted in his brain to reduce his tremors and other motor disturbances. Which disorder is most likely being treated?

67. A physician says, "Most people know that AIDS leaves people open to deadly infections, but few are aware that cognitive impairment may be the first sign of HIV infection or AIDS. In serious cases, a diagnosis of AIDS delirium complex (ADC) is made. Prevalence of ADC among persons with HIV infection is between 30 to 40 percent in Western countries. Recently, medications have proven to improve symptoms of ADC once they develop.” What about the physician's comments is correct?

68. Why might having AIDS produce dementia?

69. Dr. Wayne says during a case conference, "We know that the patient's cognitive disorder is caused by an infectious agent. That automatically rules out ____ as a primary cause.”

70. It is a rare, genetically transmitted disorder that involves twitching movements, dementia, and death. Its symptoms begin to appear in childhood to late in life, and onset most typically occurs during midlife. What is it?

71. Which of the following organic brain disorders are incurable and always fatal?

72. Sybil becomes somewhat dazed as she hits her head against an open cabinet door. She has experienced the mildest form of head injury, known as a ____.

73. What is the fourth leading cause of dementia caused by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, and characterized by progressive decline in language and behavior?

74. Which medications are sometimes prescribed to alleviate the depression associated with stroke?

75. According to the Rand Corporation (2010) ____ of veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan report experiencing probable traumatic brain injury (TBI).

76. Which statement about strokes is correct?

77. Approximately 87% of all strokes are the result of ____.

78. Rozee suffered a stroke when blood leaked into the brain after a blood vessel burst. This type of stroke is called a(n) ____ stroke.

79. As we age, neurons are gradually lost, the brain becomes smaller, and information is processed more slowing. For some, this brain atrophy leads to ____.

80. Normal age changes in the brain and occasional lapses in memory ____.

81. Parkinson’s disease is diagnosed ____.

82. Among normally aging adults, infection or reactions to prescription drugs can result in ____.

83. Which cognitive disorder is characterized by atrophy of brain tissue?

84. Dr. Jensen was discussing “good news” with Rita and her daughter after Rita’s most recent neuropsychological testing. Since Rita has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), what Dr. Jensen most probably means by "good news" is that ____.

85. Patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their families most typically consider the most disturbing symptom to be ____.

86. Neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques are predictive of development of which condition?

87. Dobkin and colleagues (2006) found that ____ is a feasible and effective treatment for depressive symptoms among individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

88. Symptoms consistent with mild neurocognitive disorder are common in individuals with ____.

89. Obesity ____ within the brain, resulting in cognitive decline and structural and biochemical changes.

a. decreases neurodegeneration

b. increases glucose

c. accumulates plaques

d. accelerates aging processes

90. Alladi et al. found that can delay the age of onset of dementia by up to four years, because it appears to increase the ability of the brain to continue functioning normally despite neurodegeneration?

a. social support

b. speaking two languages

c. preventive medication

d. a healthy weight

1. Describe the different neurocognitive disorders. Indicate how to differentiate among the different neurocognitive disorders.

2. Describe the characteristics of dementia in general and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in particular. What is known about the cause of Alzheimer's and what appear to be some protective factors that reduce the risk of developing AD?

3. What are some of the treatments for neurocognitive disorders?