Ch.12 Explorations In Deductive Reasoning: + Exam Questions

Test Bank, Chapter 12

Quiz questions set 1. True or False?

1. Aristotle is the founder of categorical logic.
2. Every categorical sentence is either an A, E, I, or O sentence.
3. ^The A sentence is universal and affirmative.
4. The E sentence is universal and affirmative.
5. The I sentence is universal and affirmative.
6. ^The O sentence is universal and affirmative.
7. The A sentence is universal and negative.
8. The E sentence is universal and negative.
9. The I sentence is universal and negative.
10. The O sentence is universal and negative.
11. The A sentence is particular and affirmative.
12. The E sentence is particular and affirmative.
13. The I sentence is particular and affirmative.
14. The O sentence is particular and affirmative.
15. The A sentence is particular and negative.
16. The E sentence is particular and negative.
17. The I sentence is particular and negative.
18. ^The O sentence is particular and negative.
19. A particular statement makes a claim about one or more members of a group.
20. A universal statement makes a claim about all the members of a group.
21. ^According to the text, logic played a role in the invention of the computer.

Quiz questions set 2. Is the sentence an A, E, I, or O sentence?

1. All dogs are mammals.
2. Some dogs are pets.
3. Some dogs are not pets.
4. No dogs are fish.

Answers:

1. A

2. I

3. O

4. E

Quiz questions set 3. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer. (Correct answers are marked with an asterisk.)

1. The A sentence is:
2. universal and affirmative
3. universal and negative
4. particular and affirmative
5. particular and negative
6. ^The E sentence is:
7. universal and affirmative
8. universal and negative
9. particular and affirmative
10. particular and negative
11. The I sentence is:
12. universal and affirmative
13. universal and negative
14. particular and affirmative
15. particular and negative
16. The O sentence is:
17. universal and affirmative
18. universal and negative
19. particular and affirmative
20. particular and negative
21. ^A categorical syllogism has ___ premises.
22. one
23. two
24. three
25. four

Quiz questions set 4. Translate the following into standard form A, E, I, or O sentences:

1. ^Many heavy metal rockers have long hair.

2. Whales are magnificent creatures.

3. ^Whales can grow to be pretty big.

4. Some Indians hunt whales.

5. Some Indians don’t hunt whales.

6. ^No illy pies belong to the class of mammals.

7. Police officers are human beings.

8. ^Prunes are groovy.

9. Some priests like rock ’n’ roll.

10. ^Quite a few hippies attended the concert.

11. There were a lot of Star Trek fans at the convention.

12. There are rich communists.

13. There are no atheists in foxholes.

14. Most theists believe in one God.

15. ^Some rockers do not like the Rolling Stones.

16. Many mammals eat meat.

17. Some mammals do not eat meat.

18. Some people just don’t get it.

19. Most cats are tame.

20. ^Many dogs are mean.

21. Some dogs are not mean.

22. Ostriches cannot fly.

23. Bats aren’t birds.

24. Maple trees are so pretty.

Quiz questions set 5. True or False?

1. ^In a standard categorical syllogism, the minor term appears twice.
2. In a standard categorical syllogism, the major term appears once.
3. ^Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly one middle term, appearing twice.
4. Some properly formed categorical syllogisms have no middle term.
5. Some properly formed categorical syllogisms contain three premises.
6. Some standard categorical syllogisms contain two conclusions.
7. ^No standard categorical syllogism contains three premises.
8. No standard categorical syllogism contains just one premise.
9. Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly two premises.
10. Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly three different terms.
11. ^Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly two different terms.
12. Every standard categorical syllogism contains exactly four different terms.
13. A syllogism is a deductive argument.
14. A term is distributed if it makes a claim about every member of a category.
15. Some terms are not distributed.
16. Every categorical syllogism contains exactly three statements.

Quiz questions set 6. True or False?

1. ^John Venn is the inventor of the method of Venn diagrams.
2. The Boolean interpretation is due to George Boole.
3. The Boolean interpretation differs from the Aristotelian only with respect to universal statements.
4. ^The X in a Venn diagram marks the spot where the treasure is buried, as in, “X marks the spot.”
5. Shading in a region of a Venn diagram means that nothing exists in that area.
6. ^An X in an area of a Venn diagram means that nothing exists in that area.
7. An X straddling a line on a Venn diagram means that for all we know, the object may be on either side of the line.
8. ^Aristotle is the inventor of the method of Venn diagrams.
9. Venn diagrams were discovered in ancient times.
10. ^George Boole was a friend of Aristotle.
11. Boole lived in the nineteenth century.
12. Venn lived in the nineteenth century.
13. ^Aristotle and Venn fought a duel; Aristotle lost.
14. Aristotle did not know about Venn diagrams.
15. The Venn diagrams allow us to visually see whether an argument is valid or invalid.
16. The Venn diagram method differs from Aristotle’s method in that Aristotle’s method did not allow us to visualize, on a diagram, the information content of a syllogism.

Quiz questions set 7. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.

1. A Venn diagram for two sentences contains ___ regions.
2. one
3. two
4. three
5. four

1. A Venn diagram for a categorical syllogism contains ___ regions.
2. three
3. sixteen
4. five
5. seven
6. eight

Quiz questions set 8. Use Venn diagrams to test the following arguments for validity.

1. All truck drivers are rugged individuals. Some farmers are rugged individuals. Therefore, some farmers are truck drivers.

Invalid

2. All truckers are happy persons. No prisoners are happy persons. Thus, no prisoners are truckers.

Valid

3. Some musicians are not skateboarders. All musicians are happy persons. Therefore, some happy persons are not skateboarders.

Valid

4. No snowboarders are rich. No rich persons are MTV fans. So no snowboarders are MTV fans.

Invalid

5. No truck drivers are musicians. All musicians are artistic persons. Consequently, no artistic persons are truck drivers.

Invalid

6. Some actors are romantics. Some pilots are not actors. So some pilots are not romantics.

Invalid

7. All A are B. No B are C. Therefore, some C are A.

Invalid

8. All A are B. All A are C. Thus, all C are B.

Invalid

9. Some A are B. Some A are C. So some B are C.

Invalid

10. All Ms are P. No Ss are Ms. So no S are Ps.

Invalid