Ch.11 Theories Of Covalent Bonding Complete Test Bank

Chapter 11 Test Bank

Theories of Covalent Bonding

1. According to valence bond theory, which orbitals on N and H overlap in the NH₃ molecule?

A. 2p on N overlaps with 2s on H

B. 2p on N overlaps with 1s on H

C. 2s on N overlaps with 1s on H

D. sp³ on N overlaps with sp on H

E. sp³ on N overlaps with 1s on H

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

2. A molecule with the formula AX₂ uses _________ to form its bonds.

A. sp hybrid orbitals

B. sp² hybrid orbitals

C. sp³ hybrid orbitals

D. sp³d hybrid orbitals

E. sp³d² hybrid orbitals

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

3. A molecule with the formula AX₃ uses __________ to form its bonds.

A. sp hybrid orbitals

B. sp² hybrid orbitals

C. sp³ hybrid orbitals

D. sp³d hybrid orbitals

E. sp³d² hybrid orbitals

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

4. A molecule with the formula AX₄ uses _________ to form its bonds.

A. sp hybrid orbitals

B. sp² hybrid orbitals

C. sp³ hybrid orbitals

D. sp³d hybrid orbitals

E. sp³d² hybrid orbitals

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

5. A molecule with the formula AX₃E uses _________ to form its bonds.

A. s and p atomic orbitals

B. sp³ hybrid orbitals

C. sp² hybrid orbitals

D. sp hybrid orbitals

E. sp³d² hybrid orbitals

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

6. A molecule with the formula AX₄E uses _________ to form its bonds.

A. sp² hybrid orbitals

B. sp³ hybrid orbitals

C. sp³d hybrid orbitals

D. sp³d² hybrid orbitals

E. None of these choices are correct.

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

7. A molecule with the formula AX₄E₂ uses _________ to form its bonds.

A. sp hybrid orbitals

B. sp² hybrid orbitals

C. sp³ hybrid orbitals

D. sp³d hybrid orbitals

E. sp³d² hybrid orbitals

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

8. Carbon uses ______ hybrid orbitals in ClCN.

A. sp

B. sp²

C. sp³

D. sp³d

E. sp³d²

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

9. Valence bond theory predicts that carbon will use _____ hybrid orbitals in the carbonate anion,

CO₃^-.

A. sp

B. sp²

C. sp³

D. sp³d

E. sp³d²

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

10. Valence bond theory predicts that sulfur will use _____ hybrid orbitals in sulfur dioxide, SO₂.

A. sp

B. sp²

C. sp³

D. sp³d

E. sp³d²

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

11. When PCl₅ solidifies it forms PCl₄⁺ cations and PCl₆^–anions. According to valence bond theory, what hybrid orbitals are used by phosphorus in the PCl₄⁺ cations?

A. sp

B. sp²

C. sp³

D. sp³d

E. sp³d²

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

12. Valence bond theory predicts that tin will use _____ hybrid orbitals in SnCl₃^–.

A. sp

B. sp²

C. sp³

D. sp³d

E. sp³d²

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

13. Valence bond theory predicts that tin will use _____ hybrid orbitals in SnF₅^–.

A. sp²

B. sp³

C. sp³d

D. sp³d²

E. d²sp³

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

14. Valence bond theory predicts that iodine will use _____ hybrid orbitals in ICl₂^–.

A. sp²

B. sp³

C. sp³d

D. sp³d²

E. None of these choices are correct.

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

15. Valence bond theory predicts that bromine will use _____ hybrid orbitals in BrF₅.

A. sp²

B. sp³

C. sp³d

D. sp³d²

E. None of these choices are correct.

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

16. Valence bond theory predicts that bromine will use _____ hybrid orbitals in BrF₃.

A. sp²

B. sp³

C. sp³d

D. sp⁴

E. sp³d²

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

17. Valence bond theory predicts that xenon will use _____ hybrid orbitals in XeOF₄.

A. sp

B. sp²

C. sp³

D. sp³d

E. sp³d²

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

18. Which one of the following statements about orbital hybridization is incorrect?

A. The carbon atom in CH₄ is sp³ hybridized.

B. The carbon atom in CO₂ is sp hybridized.

C. The nitrogen atom in NH₃ is sp² hybridized.

D. sp² hybrid orbitals are coplanar, and at 120° to each other.

E. sp hybrid orbitals lie at 180° to each other.

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

19. For which one of the following molecules is the indicated type of hybridization not appropriate for the central atom?

A. BeCl₂ sp²

B. SiH₄ sp³

C. BF₃ sp²

D. C₂H₂ sp

E. H₂O sp³

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

20. According to valence bond theory, which of the following molecules involves sp² hybridization of orbitals on the central atom? (central atom is bold)

A. C₂H₂

B. C₂H₄

C. C₂H₆

D. CO₂

E. H₂O

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

21. Determine the shape (geometry) of PCl₃ and then decide on the appropriate hybridization of phosphorus in this molecule. (Phosphorus is the central atom.)

A. sp³

B. sp²

C. sp

D. sp³d

E. sp³d²

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

22. According to valence bond theory, the triple bond in ethyne (acetylene, C₂H₂) consists of

A. three σ bonds and no bonds.

B. two σ bonds and one bond.

C. one σ bond and two bonds.

D. no σ bonds and three bonds.

E. None of these choices are correct.

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

23. How many sigma and pi bonds, respectively, are in the molecule below?

CH₃CH₂CHCHCH₃?

A. 16, 1

B. 16, 0

C. 15, 1

D. 15, 0

E. 14, 1

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

24. Select the correct statement about -bonds in valence bond theory.

A. A bond is stronger than a sigma bond.

B. A bond can hold 4 electrons, two above and two below the σ-bond axis.

C. A carbon-carbon double bond consists of two bonds.

D. A bond is the same strength as a σ bond.

E. A bond between two carbon atoms restricts rotation about the C–C axis.

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

25. According to molecular orbital (MO) theory, the twelve outermost electrons in the O₂ molecule are distributed as follows:

A. 12 in bonding MOs, 0 in antibonding MOs.

B. 10 in bonding MOs, 2 in antibonding MOs.

C. 9 in bonding MOs, 3 in antibonding MOs.

D. 8 in bonding MOs, 4 in antibonding MOs.

E. 7 in bonding MOs, 5 in antibonding MOs.

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

26. According to molecular orbital theory, what is the bond order in the O₂⁺ ion?

A. 5.5

B. 5

C. 4

D. 2.5

E. 1.5

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

27. According to the molecular orbital (MO) treatment of the NO molecule, what are the bond order and the number of unpaired electrons, respectively?

A. 2, 2

B. 3, 3

C. 1, 1

D. 1.5, 2

E. 2.5, 1

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

28. Which of the following statements relating to molecular orbital (MO) theory is incorrect?

A. Combination of two atomic orbitals produces one bonding and one antibonding MO.

B. A bonding MO is lower in energy than the two atomic orbitals from which it is formed.

C. Combination of two 2p orbitals may result in either σ or MOs.

D. A species with a bond order of zero will not be stable.

E. In a stable molecule having an even number of electrons, all electrons must be paired.

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

29. One can safely assume that the 3s- and 3p-orbitals will form molecular orbitals similar to those formed when 2s- and 2p-orbitals interact. According to molecular orbital theory, what will be the bond order for the Cl₂⁺ ion?

A. 0.5

B. 1

C. 1.5

D. 2

E. None of these choices are correct.

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

30. The nitrosonium ion, NO⁺, forms a number of interesting complexes with nickel, cobalt, and iron. According to molecular orbital theory, which of the following statements about NO⁺ is correct?

A. NO⁺ has a bond order of 2 and is paramagnetic.

B. NO⁺ has a bond order of 2 and is diamagnetic.

C. NO⁺ has a bond order of 3 and is paramagnetic.

D. NO⁺ has a bond order of 3 and is diamagnetic.

E. None of these choices are correct.

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Bloom's: 3. Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

31. Which one, if any, of the following statements about the MO treatment of the bonding in benzene is correct?

A. MO theory uses resonance to describe the delocalized nature of the bonding in benzene.

B. The lowest energy pi-bonding orbital in benzene can hold up to 6 electrons.

C. MO theory predicts that benzene should be paramagnetic.

D. The lowest energy pi-bonding MO in benzene has two hexagonal lobes, above and below the plane of the carbon atoms.

E. None of these choices are correct.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

32. According to valence bond theory, overlap of bonding orbitals of atoms will weaken a bond, due to electron-electron repulsion.

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

33. Valence bond theory explains the bonding in diatomic molecules such as HCl without resorting to the use of hybrid orbitals.

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

34. Hybrid orbitals of the sp³d type occur in sets of four.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

35. The angles between sp² hybrid orbitals are 109.5°.

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

36. Atoms of period 3 and beyond can undergo sp³d² hybridization, but atoms of period 2 cannot.

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

37. In the valence bond treatment, overlap of an s orbital on one atom with an sp³ orbital on another atom can give rise to a σ bond.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

38. Overlap of two sp² hybrid orbitals produces a bond.

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

39. In the valence bond treatment, a bond is formed when two 2p orbitals overlap side to side.

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

40. A carbon-carbon double bond in a molecule may give rise to the existence of cis and trans isomers.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

41. A carbon-carbon triple bond in a molecule may give rise to the existence of cis and trans isomers.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds))

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

42. Valence bond theory is able to explain why molecular oxygen is paramagnetic.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

43. In molecular orbital theory, combination of two atomic orbitals produces two molecular orbitals.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

44. In applying molecular orbital theory, the bond order is calculated in the same way as with Lewis structures.

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Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

45. In molecular orbital theory, molecules with an even number of electrons will have bond orders which are whole numbers.

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Bloom's: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

46. In molecular orbital theory, combination of two 2p atomic orbitals may give rise to either σ or type molecular orbitals.

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

47. According to molecular orbital theory, all diatomic molecules with an even number of electrons will be diamagnetic.

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Bloom's: 2. Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

48. The lone pair of electrons on sulfur in the sulfite ion (SO₃^2-) is in

A. a p orbital.

B. an s orbital.

C. an sp² hybrid orbital.

D. an sp³ hybrid orbital.

E. none of these orbital types.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Gradable: automatic

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories

Category # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 43

Bloom's: 1. Remember 20

Bloom's: 2. Understand 8

Bloom's: 3. Apply 20

Difficulty: Easy 11

Difficulty: Hard 4

Difficulty: Medium 32

Difficulty: Medium 1

Gradable: automatic 48

Subtopic: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals 24

Subtopic: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory 13

Subtopic: Valence Bond Theory (Overlap of Hybrid Orbitals (σ- and π-bonds)) 11

Topic: Covalent Bond Theories 48