Ch11 The United Nations And Multilateral Verified Test Bank

Chapter 11

The United Nations and Multilateral Actors in Development

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Middle powers tend to pursue what type of approach to agreement-making?
   1. Multilateral
   2. Unilateral
   3. Bilateral
   4. Trilateral
   5. None of the above
2. Which of the following explains the necessity of international institutions?
   1. To account for imperialism
   2. To provide a platform for hegemony
   3. To address issues from organized crime to killer viruses
   4. To decolonize global structures and seek equitable development
   5. To imitate a hierarchical global order
3. What does the term “multilateralism” refer to?
   1. The ability of states to work together with private actors and NGOs to promote development.
   2. Arrangements among three or more states, commonly for peaceful purposes over extended periods.
   3. A last-ditch effort to come to an agreement before engaging in war.
   4. A result of when one powerful state coerces others into an agreement to further its own ideologies and interests.
   5. None of the above
4. Multilateral arrangements do NOT tend to help governments improve their ______________.
   1. standing
   2. influence
   3. security
   4. economic advantage
   5. stability
5. How many major international agreements are in existence today?
   1. 10 or less
   2. Between 11 and 100
   3. Between 101 and 499
   4. More than 500
   5. Unknowable
6. Where is the headquarters of the United Nations located?
   1. New York City
   2. Washington, DC
   3. The Hague
   4. London
   5. Stockholm
7. The UN was formed ____________.
   1. at the end of World War II
   2. after the Cold War
   3. after the Korean War
   4. at the end of World War I
   5. after the Vietnam War
8. At its founding, the UN had how many member states?
   1. 11
   2. 15
   3. 21
   4. 51
   5. 71
9. What are the two main categories of the United Nation organizations?
   1. Specialized agencies and UN organs
   2. Development and security
   3. Western and non-Western
   4. The Security Council and the General Assembly
   5. Programs and research
10. What is another term for the UN’s “organs”?
    1. Programs
    2. Specialized agencies
    3. Branches
    4. Agendas
    5. Policies
11. The UN Commission on the Status of Women did NOT promote ________________.
    1. political participation
    2. working life
    3. human trafficking
    4. LGBT issues
    5. property ownership
12. Which of the following is a major criticism of the WHO?
    1. Its status as a UN specialized agency.
    2. Its lack of comprehensive mandate.
    3. Its overreaction to the Ebola crisis in 2014.
    4. Its inability to compel states to act.
    5. Its accommodation of pharmaceutical companies.
13. Which of the following issues did the UNFPA address in Cairo in 1994?
    1. The benefits of a one child policy in over-populated countries.
    2. Reproductive health and reproductive rights.
    3. A universal condemnation of US policies on women’s rights.
    4. A comprehensive civil rights platform.
    5. An agreement on the rights of fetuses.
14. UNICEF was first established to help ______________.
    1. impoverished children in the developing world
    2. children in post-war Europe
    3. children in newly-independent nations in the Global South
    4. children in Latin America
    5. impoverished adults in Africa
15. The UN Conference on Trade and Development was NOT heavily influenced by which of the following?
    1. Modernization theory
    2. Dependency theory
    3. Keynesian social democracy
    4. It was influenced by all of the above.
    5. It was influenced by none of the above.
16. What are the two broad categories of UNESCO’s mandate?
    1. Policy and executive action
    2. Practical and normative
    3. Judicial representation and cultural preservation
    4. Critic and actor
    5. Protection of culture in the Global North and the Global South
17. The Chief Executive Officer of which UN body ranks third in the UN after the secretary general and deputy secretary general, giving this body high rank?
    1. UNESCO
    2. UNEP
    3. UNDP
    4. ECOSOC
    5. FAO
18. The rising influence of ____________ poses a serious challenge to the integrity and competence of the United Nations.
    1. the IMF
    2. Israel
    3. Greece
    4. large corporations
    5. NGOs
19. What highly influential UN body was created with an original mandate to help return European refugees?
    1. UNDP
    2. UNCTAD
    3. UNHCR
    4. GATT
    5. UNICEF
20. What is the strongest indicator of “mission creep” in UN agencies?
    1. The overlap of programming.
    2. The reinvention of agencies when the reason for being created no longer exists.
    3. The number of agencies represented on coordinating committees.
    4. The increase of funding drives.
    5. The need for intervention by the UN Secretary General.
21. Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the European Union?
    1. Belgium
    2. Switzerland
    3. The Netherlands
    4. Spain
    5. All of the above are members of the European Union.
22. What group does not have a charter but is oriented by UN principles?
    1. G20
    2. BRICS
    3. League of Independent States
    4. Non-Aligned Movement
    5. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
23. In 1974 the Group of 77 (G77) proposed ___________________.
    1. a New International Economic Order (NIEO)
    2. that rich nations open access to technologies, lower trade barriers, and provide more aid
    3. that rich nations create more tariffs on imported goods
    4. Both A & B
    5. None of the above

24. In 2013, China launched two large transnational programs: _____________.

• 1. the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Belt and Road Initiative
  2. the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
  3. the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Belt and Road Initiative
  4. the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Belt and Road Initiative
  5. the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

25. When was the UNDP established?

• 1. 1856
  2. 1865
  3. 1956
  4. 1965
  5. 1996

26. The COVID-19 pandemic has _______________.

• 1. underscored needs for universal preventive health measures and for transnational public action to promote them
  2. undercut multilateral trade
  3. amplified calls for reduced dependence on foreign imports
  4. amplified calls for greater national self-reliance
  5. All of the above

27. In today’s international discourse multilateral bodies _______________.

• 1. are being replaced by unilateral bodies
  2. are being sidelined as Western states turn to bilateral trade pacts
  3. are being overshadowed by informal, exclusive platforms like the G20
  4. Both A & C
  5. All of the above

28. What did the United Nations organization replace?

• 1. The Global Compact
  2. The League of Nations
  3. The Development System and Global Corporations
  4. World War II alliances
  5. The US Marshall Plan

29. What has been the greatest influence on multilateralism?

• 1. The United Kingdom
  2. The United States
  3. The G77
  4. The European Union
  5. MERCOSUR

30. What is the function of blue helmets?

• 1. To protect the UN agencies
  2. To contribute to political solutions of conflicts
  3. To safeguard oil production
  4. To safeguard the interests of the US
  5. To contribute to peace

31. Why are UN peace interventions criticized?

• 1. They do not contemplate corporation interests.
  2. They do not contemplate the socio-political causes of conflicts.
  3. They do not contemplate people-centered laws.
  4. They contemplate the causes of conflicts but not the consequences.
  5. They deal always with the past, never with the future.

True or False Questions

Development has long been a hindrance to multilateral action.

Multilateral agencies design and transmit a great deal of the policy formulas for how non-Western economies and governments should operate.

The US usually favours multilateralism.

Multilateralism in the twenty-first century has become obsolete.

“Big” powers tend to favour multilateral approaches to aid donation.

Middle powers, like Canada and the Netherlands, usually favour multilateral approaches to aid donation.

The 1960s was a less tumultuous decade for the UN than the 1950s.

The United Nations was established at the tail end of the Second World War.

The UN does not reflect the strategic preference of any one country.

Development was originally viewed by the UN as a set of technical problems.

In a formal sense, the World Bank and the IMF are specialized UN agencies.

The World Bank and the IMF operate in complete independence from the UN.

The Economic and Social Council has held a great deal of authority since its creation.

The UN has approximately ten development-related institutions.

The International Fund for Agriculture and Development was established by the UN.

The UN has been able to advance thinking and action on reproductive rights and reproductive health.

The World Health Organization avoids making agreements with the pharmaceutical industry.

Rich countries were generally in favour of the UN Conference on Trade and Development.

The UN’s Human Development Report compliments the World Bank’s World Development Report.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is made up of 34 upper-income country governments.

Many UN agencies have lost legitimacy due to following the thinking of big businesses.

The BRIC states are Brazil, Russia, India, and Canada.

The BRIC states are all in one continent.

BRIC is a formal plurilateral association of countries and associations.

The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie includes Canada.

Western powers attempt to maintain connections with their former colonies and dependencies through spheres of influence.

The COE helps to realize socio-economic rights through its Development Bank

To be “bluewashed” means to gain private reputation.

The Global Compact was extremely successful.

Corporations clean their public images with the help of the UN.

For some development issues, the UN continues to serve as a vehicle for emancipatory responses.

Powerful interests have insisted that “there is an alternative” to neoliberal orthodoxy and that the UN can help find these alternatives.

The High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) coordinates action and raises money to help refugees.

Many Western countries disapproved of UNCTAD because it questioned their prescriptions and posed challenges for their multinational corporations.

Short Answer Questions

1. Explain the historical circumstances that led to the creation of the United Nations.
2. Name, and briefly discuss, the two main categories of organization within the UN.
3. Discuss the main goals of the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization, as well as any controversies that surround it.
4. Discuss the principle goals of the World Health Organization, as well as any controversies that surround it.
5. Discuss the formation of UNICEF and the way it succeeds.
6. Discuss how the larger global movement for women’s rights and gender equity has influenced the UN.
7. Briefly name and discuss the UN organization responsible for the environment.
8. Discuss the United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
9. Discuss the UN’s peacekeeping organizations and their actions.
10. Discuss the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and its effectiveness.
11. Discuss how the UN has been a platform and vehicle for emancipatory ideas around development questions.
12. What is the OECD? What is its importance to development?
13. What does it mean to be “bluewashed”?
14. Define and describe the Commonwealth of Nations.
15. Discuss the role of non-Western lobbying blocs and include at least one example.
16. Discuss the importance of the European Commission as a development actor.
17. Discuss the role of regional trading arrangements (or developmental regionalism).
18. How has Western hegemony undermined the legitimacy of multilateral institutions such as the UN?
19. What is the G77? What significance does it hold?
20. How has the role of the UN changed in relation to the conduct of corporations?
21. What is the UN Development System (UNDS) concerned with?
22. How does the UN help envision the future?

Essay Questions

1. What is the foundational logic of multilateral organizations?
2. What is the role and significance of the UNDP in the field of development?
3. Explain organizations based on “spheres of influence,” include examples.
4. Describe some of the internal conflicts of UN agencies?
5. How can the collaboration between UN agencies and corporations be characterized?