Ch.1 Test Bank Docx Psychology And The Challenges Of Life - Test Bank | Challenges of Life Psychology 14e by Spencer A. Rathus. DOCX document preview.
Package Title: Test Bank
Course Title: Nevid & Rathus, Adjustment Psychology 14th Edition
Chapter Number: Chapter 01
Question type: Multiple-Choice
1) Javon regularly engages in episodes of binge eating, where he consumes massive quantities of calories in a single sitting. To avoid gaining weight, he then forces himself to purge the food through self-induced vomiting. Javon may be suffering from a condition called ________.
a) anorexia nervosa
b) binge-eating disorder
c) pica
d) bulimia nervosa
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
2) According to the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH), the two main reasons why college students seek counseling are:
a) anxiety and depression.
b) homesickness and loneliness.
c) academic insecurity and alcohol problems.
d) eating disorders and phobias.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
3) According to the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH), about 10% of college students have engaged in which behavior?
a) binge drinking
b) a suicide attempt
c) academic dishonesty
d) self-induced vomiting
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
4) An eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating and a dramatic method for purging, such as vomiting, is ______.
a) anorexia nervosa
b) hypoglycemia
c) Korsakoff’s syndrome
d) bulimia nervosa
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
5) The causes of ______ disorders are complex and not fully understood but appear to be related to social pressures on young women in our society to adhere to unrealistic standards of thinness.
a) personality
b) eating
c) reactive
d) adjustment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
6) The causes of eating disorders are ______.
a) simple and easily understood
b) complex but easily understood
c) simple but not easily understood
d) complex and not easily understood
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
7) The causes of eating disorders in young women appear to be most closely related to ______.
a) low levels of education and poor academic performance in school
b) social pressures to adhere to unrealistic standards of thinness
c) the negative effects of poverty and discrimination
d) a significant increase in narcissistic personality disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
8) In every year studied between 2013 and 2017, the most frequent reason for students seeking counseling was issues related to ________.
a) anxiety
b) depression
c) drug use
d) academic insecurity
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
9) Overall, slightly more than one in ______ college students today seek counseling for mental health problems, either before or during college.
a) two
b) four
c) six
d) ten
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
10) Most challenges offer us the opportunity to ______.
a) merely adjust
b) prove ourselves
c) grow
d) retrench
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
11) The science of ______ is ideally suited to helping people meet the challenges of contemporary life, according to your text.
a) psychology
b) sociology
c) phrenology
d) biology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
12) The science that studies behavior and the mental processes is ______.
a) anthropology
b) sociology
c) neurology
d) psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
13) Psychologists traditionally attempt to understand or explain behavior in terms of the workings of the ______ system, according to your text.
a) nervous
b) cardiovascular
c) muscular-skeletal
d) endocrine
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
14) Psychologists traditionally attempt to understand or explain behavior in terms of each of the following EXCEPT ______.
a) the workings of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems
b) the interaction of genetic and environmental influences
c) the roles of learning and motivation
d) the nature of personality and social interaction
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
15) Coping behavior that permits people to meet the demands faced in the environment is called ______.
a) prosocial behavior
b) adjustment
c) proactive behavior
d) growth
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
16) Processes by which people respond to environmental pressures and cope with stress are known as ______.
a) reactivity
b) growth
c) compensatory behavior
d) adjustment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
17) Holding down a job to keep the bill collector from our doors, studying hard to graduate from college, and making compromises in your own goals to further your relationships with others are all examples of ______.
a) interlocution
b) reciprocity
c) adjustment
d) growth
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
18) Dressing warmly, exercising, or turning up the thermostat when we are cold are examples of ______.
a) adjustment
b) proactivity
c) compensation
d) reflexive behavior
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
19) Literally speaking, to ______ is to change so as to better conform to, or meet, the demands of one’s environment.
a) grow
b) mature
c) adjust
d) obey
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
20) Adjustment is essentially a(n) ______ process.
a) proactive
b) reactive
c) inactive
d) retroactive
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
21) Personal growth is best thought of as a(n) ______ process.
a) proactive
b) reactive
c) inactive
d) retroactive
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
22) Adjustment is a(n) ______ process and personal growth is a(n) ______ process.
a) reactive, reactive
b) reactive, proactive
c) proactive, reactive
d) proactive, proactive
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
23) According to your text, people are ______.
a) neither actors nor reactors
b) actors, not reactors
c) reactors, not actors
d) both actors and reactors
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
24) According to your text, when we expand ourselves, or when our lives seem filled with meaning, it is because ______.
a) we have adjusted
b) of chance occurrences
c) of a need for personal growth
d) we have "arrived"
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
25) Personal growth is best described as ______.
a) a starting point
b) a way station
c) a journey
d) a final destination
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
26) In psychology, the term nature refers to ______.
a) the effects of the environment on human development
b) the psychological processes of nonhuman animals
c) the natural laws that govern the universe
d) genetic influences on human development
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
27) In psychology, the term nurture refers to ______.
a) the effects of the environmental influences on human development
b) the effects of intimacy on human infants
c) the effects of changes in the physical environment
d) genetic influences on human development
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
28) Who we are is ______.
a) not affected by biology or the environment
b) almost totally determined by genetic influences
c) almost totally determined by environmental influences
d) due to the interaction of genetic and environmental influences
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
29) Physical traits such as height, race, and eye color are genetically transmitted from generation to generation by ______.
a) endorphins
b) antigens
c) genes
d) leukocytes
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
30) ______ are segments of DNA that give rise to our physical traits and biological structures and constitute the basic units of heredity.
a) Chromosomes
b) Genes
c) RNA
d) telomeres
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
31) The basic unit of heredity is the ______.
a) chromosome
b) molecule
c) atom
d) gene
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
32) Genes are segments of ______.
a) neurons
b) DNA
c) chromosomes
d) RNA
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
33) ______ are strands of DNA that consist of genes.
a) Molecules
b) Mitochondria
c) Ribosomes
d) Chromosomes
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
34) People normally have ______ pairs of chromosomes.
a) 12
b) 23
c) 35
d) 46
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
35) Which of the following is true of genetic factors and psychological adjustment?
a) Genetic factors have been shown to have little or no effect on psychological development and adjustment.
b) Genetic factors interact with environmental factors and psychological factors to influence behavior.
c) Genetic factors interact with prenatal conditions to influence neural development of the fetus, but cease affecting psychological adjustment and growth after birth.
d) Psychological development and adjustment are almost completely predetermined by genetic factors.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
36) A psychologist focuses mainly on ways in which psychology can help people correct personal problems and cope with stress. This psychologist is using the ______.
a) primary process
b) healthy-personality approach
c) organic approach
d) clinical approach
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
37) A psychologist focuses primarily on healthful patterns of personal growth, including social and vocational development. She is using the ______.
a) person-environment fit approach
b) healthy-personality approach
c) organic approach
d) clinical approach
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
38) In exploring adjustment and growth, your textbook focuses ______.
a) on neither the clinical nor the healthy-personality approach
b) primarily on the clinical approach
c) primarily on the healthy-personality approach
d) on both the clinical and the healthy-personality approach
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
39) The psychologist who founded the growing movement in psychology known as positive psychology, is ______.
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Martin Seligman
c) Arnold Lazarus
d) L. Ron Hubbard
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
40) At the University of Pennsylvania, psychologist Martin Seligman founded the area of ________ psychology that emphasized such human attributes as love, optimism, hope, and helping behaviors.
a) existential
b) humanistic
c) positive
d) adaptive
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
41) A growing movement in psychology that emphasizes our assets and virtues rather than our weaknesses and deficits is ______ psychology.
a) positive
b) clinical
c) psychoanalytic
d) Gestalt
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
42) A renowned psychologist emphasizes the study of love, optimism, hope, helping behavior, and happiness, rather than psychological disorders, drug abuse, and antisocial behaviors. This psychologist is most likely a proponent of ______ psychology.
a) behavioral
b) positive
c) Gestalt
d) psychoanalytic
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
43) Shortly after his father died, Jason thought a lot about the people who had been so meaningful in his father’s life. He took time to go see each of these individuals to thank them for being such good friends. In the study of positive psychology, these trips would be referred to as ________.
a) peak experiences
b) existential realizations
c) flow moments
d) gratitude visits
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
44) According to your textbook, one way to boost a sense of personal happiness is to spend time each night before bed thinking about at least ____ things that went well during the day.
a) 3
b) 5
c) 7
d) 10
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
45) The healthy-personality approach to adjustment is embodied within a growing movement within psychology called ______ psychology.
a) esoteric
b) existential
c) psychoanalytic
d) positive
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and Adjustment
46) ______ focus mainly on the study of individuals and are committed to the dignity of the individual.
a) Sociologists
b) Anthropologists
c) Psychologists
d) Ethnologists
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
47) Groups of people who can be distinguished by characteristics such as their cultural heritage, common history, race, and language are called ______.
a) ethnic groups
b) subcultures
c) countercultures
d) races
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
48) Each of the following is a reason presented in your text for studying diversity EXCEPT ______.
a) experiences of various ethnic groups in the United States highlight the impact of social, political, and economic factors on human behavior and development
b) psychologists must be familiar with cultural diversity to help people from very different backgrounds
c) knowledge of such groups allows for better identification and control of dissident members of those groups
d) studying human diversity enables students to appreciate the cultural heritages and historical problems of various ethnic groups
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
49) The state psychosocial of being male or female is known as ______.
a) sexuality
b) sensuality
c) sexual orientation
d) gender
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
50) Gender is ______.
a) neither a psychosocial nor a biological concept
b) a biological concept, not a psychosocial concept
c) a psychosocial concept, not a biological concept
d) both a psychosocial and a biological concept
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
51) The term ______ refers to the biological division between male and female, as when we describe the sexual organs that distinguish the reproductive anatomy of men and women.
a) gender
b) phylum
c) categorum
d) sex
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
52) The term gender refers to a ______ concept, and the term sex refers to a ______ concept.
a) biological, biological
b) psychosocial, biological
c) biological, psychosocial
d) psychosocial, psychosocial
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
53) Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.
a) in colonial times in America, women were not permitted to attend college
b) careers of women have been traditionally channeled into domestic chores, regardless of their talents, wishes, or abilities
c) even today, women in the United States are legally prevented from earning doctorates in many scientific fields
d) even today, women in many parts of the world are prevented from pursuing educational and training opportunities afforded to men
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
54) Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.
a) gender is wrapped up with a complex web of cultural expectations and social roles about how we are expected to act as women or men
b) careers of women have been traditionally channeled into domestic chores, regardless of their talents, wishes, or abilities
c) even today, men earn most of the undergraduate degrees and doctorates in psychology
d) even today, women in many parts of the world are prevented from pursuing educational and training opportunities afforded to men
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
55) Women in Western cultures were generally considered unsuitable for education until ______.
a) the Middle Ages
b) the Renaissance
c) the Enlightenment
d) relatively modern times
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
56) Women were first allowed to attend college in the United States in ______.
a) 1833
b) 1863
c) 1893
d) 1923
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
57) The first school of higher education in the United States to accept women was ______ college.
a) Oberlin
b) Antioch
c) Radcliff
d) Bennington
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
58) The earliest female pioneer in psychology was ______.
a) Margaret Mahler
b) Anna Freud
c) Karen Horney
d) Christine Ladd-Franklin
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
59) Today, more than______ of the undergraduate degrees and doctorates in psychology are granted to women.
a) one-third
b) one-half
c) two-thirds
d) four-fifths
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
60) Today, ______ women are in the workforce and they are paid ______ men in comparable positions.
a) a large minority of, less than
b) a large minority of, as much as
c) most, less than
d) most, as much as
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
61) The psychology of adjustment provides ______ approach to coping with the challenges of life.
a) a scientific
b) an intuitive
c) an unorthodox
d) a phenomenological
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
62) An approach to thinking characterized by skepticism and thoughtful analysis of statements and arguments is called ______ thinking.
a) dialectical
b) emotional
c) introjective
d) critical
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
63) Anne takes nothing for granted. She examines definitions and terms and scrutinizes the logic with which arguments are developed. She is engaging in ______ thinking.
a) dialectical
b) emotional
c) introjective
d) critical
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
64) Each of the following is true of critical thinking EXCEPT ______.
a) it means taking nothing for granted
b) it means expressing all your feelings
c) it refers to thoughtfully analyzing the statements and terms of other people
d) it is essential to your adjustment
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
65) Each of the following is a feature of critical thinking EXCEPT ______.
a) being cynical
b) avoiding overgeneralization
c) not oversimplifying
d) examining the definition of terms
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
66) Which of the following is NOT a feature of critical thinking noted in the textbook?
a) telling yourself that you can think for yourself
b) avoiding oversimplification
c) examining assumptions or premises of arguments
d) avoiding healthy skepticism
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
67) Each of the following is a feature of critical thinking EXCEPT ______.
a) maintaining a healthy skepticism
b) applying critical thinking to all areas of life
c) remaining open-minded and accepting of others’ ideas
d) being cautious in drawing conclusions from evidence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
68) Astrology, palmistry, and reading tea leaves are all examples of ______.
a) protosciences
b) pseudosciences
c) philosophical methods
d) modern sciences
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
69) A method or system that claims to have a scientific basis but does not, is a ______.
a) protoscience
b) pseudoscience
c) philosophical method
d) modern science
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
70) The tendency to believe an overgeneralized but phony personality report is called ______.
a) the Phi phenomenon
b) Weber’s Law
c) the Stockholm syndrome
d) the Barnum effect
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
71) Astrologers, palm-readers, and other “psychic” readers have made a fortune for years primarily on the basis of ______.
a) the Phi phenomenon
b) Weber’s Law
c) the Stockholm syndrome
d) the Barnum effect
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
72) ______ is based on the notion that the positions of the sun, the moon, and the stars affect human temperament and human affairs.
a) Astronomy
b) Relativity
c) Astrology
d) Astrophysics
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
73) Beatriz has been reading a self-help book about being more assertive in her personal life and finds some of the suggestions questionable. The authors of your textbook suggest that a good person for her to speak with about this book would be ________.
a) her psychology professor
b) her parents
c) a medical doctor
d) a spiritual leader, like her priest
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
74) One way to increase your confidence in the claims made by self-help books would be to
a) read other books by the same author(s).
b) look on the internet for other readers’ opinions about the book.
c) try the suggestions to see if they work.
d) examine the credentials of the author(s).
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
75) Psychology is a(n) ______.
a) art form
b) philosophical approach
c) pseudoscience
d) science
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
76) Science differs from opinion, magic, religion, and other nonscientific belief systems in that it ______.
a) is not as commonly accepted or valid as opinion
b) requires that its followers have a formal education
c) must be supported by testable evidence
d) requires faith and belief in things that cannot always be tested or proven
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
77) Researchers have found that astrological predictions are ______ to come true than predictions based on chance.
a) significantly more likely
b) somewhat more likely
c) no more likely
d) much less likely
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
78) Scientific research has found ______.
a) no basis for beliefs that one’s personality is related to one’s birth sign
b) small but consistent correlations between one’s personality and one’s birth sign
c) moderate but inconsistent correlations between one’s personality and one’s birth sign
d) large and consistent correlations between one’s personality and one’s birth sign
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
79) Each of the following is true of self-help books EXCEPT ______.
a) authors of these books are usually able to back up their claims with evidence before they can get them published
b) bad books make extensive use of evidence based on anecdotes
c) there are few, if any quick fixes to psychological and health problems
d) be suspicious about authors who criticize professional groups and claim to be ahead of their time
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Evaluation
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
80) Each of the following is true of self-help books EXCEPT ______.
a) many such books make extravagant claims
b) good books make extensive use of anecdotal evidence
c) legitimate research is reported in professional journals
d) you should be suspicious if the author’s title is just “Dr.” and it is placed before the name
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Evaluation
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
81) An organized means of expanding and refining knowledge, consisting of a group of principles that generally guide scientists’ research endeavors, is known as ______.
a) a theory
b) the scientific method
c) a hypothesis
d) a cognitive schema
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
82) A method for obtaining scientific evidence in which a hypothesis is formed and tested is ______.
a) the intuitive method
b) objective introspection
c) the scientific method
d) the Socratic method
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
83) The scientific method is ______.
a) a recipe that psychologists and other scientists follow
b) a collection of philosophical ideals about the nature of science
c) no more accurate than anecdotal evidence
d) a set of general principles that guides scientists’ research
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
84) Which of the following is the first of the basic steps to the scientific method?
a) drawing on information from other belief systems
b) testing a hypothesis
c) formulating a research question
d) drawing conclusions from research results
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
85) Which of the following is NOT one of the basic steps to the scientific method?
a) drawing on information from other belief systems
b) testing a hypothesis
c) formulating a research question
d) drawing conclusions from research results
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
86) A specific prediction about behavior or mental processes that is tested through research is called ______.
a) an opinion
b) a paradigm
c) a placebo
d) a hypothesis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
87) A researcher studying day-care states that preschoolers placed in day-care will acquire greater social skills in relating to peers than preschoolers raised in the home. This statement is subsequently supported by her research. The statement is an example of ______.
a) a theory
b) an opinion
c) a hypothesis
d) a paradigm
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
88) A statistical association or relationship between two or more variables is a ______.
a) selection factor
b) correlation
c) dependent variable
d) causation
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
89) A researcher finds that the more people smoke cigarettes, the more likely it is that they will develop lung cancer. This researcher has found ______.
a) observer bias
b) causation
c) a treatment variable
d) a correlation
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
90) The process by which one variable directly influences another is known as ______.
a) a selection factor
b) correlation
c) inference
d) causation
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
91) A researcher finds that more aggressive children tend to watch more violent television. While she is tempted to conclude that violent television causes aggressive behavior in children, she realizes that it might be that children who choose to watch violent television may be more aggressive to begin with. If this is true, it is a classic example of a ______.
a) selection factor
b) latency effect
c) placebo effect
d) volunteer bias
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
92) A source of bias that may occur in research when subjects are allowed to determine for themselves whether or not they will receive a treatment condition in a scientific study is known as a(n) ______.
a) observer bias
b) response set
c) selection factor
d) generalization error
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
93) To find out if someone’s research can be generalized from the subjects used in the study to other populations, or to corroborate the results of someone else’s research, scientists are most likely to ______ the research.
a) delineate
b) replicate
c) review
d) abrogate
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
94) Each of the following is a reason that psychologists replicate research EXCEPT ______.
a) to see whether the findings of a study hold up over time
b) the examine the generalizability of one’s findings
c) to see if the findings of a study can be applied to other groups of people
d) to create and verify selection factors within a study
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
95) A psychologist studies one, or a handful of people, in great depth, seeking factors that contribute to notable or rare behavior patterns, putting together a portrait or compilation of the person or persons being studied. The psychologist is using the ______ method.
a) naturalistic observation
b) case study
c) correlational
d) experimental
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
96) A method of research based on a carefully drawn biography obtained through interviews, questionnaires, or psychological tests is ______.
a) the case study method
b) the correlational study
c) the experimental method
d) naturalistic observation
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
97) Unscientific accounts of people's behavior are referred to as ______.
a) case studies
b) anecdotes
c) naturalistic observation
d) surveys
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
98) Sigmund Freud developed his theories of personality largely on the basis of ______.
a) the case study method
b) the correlational study
c) the experimental method
d) naturalistic observation
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
99) Which of the following is NOT listed by your text as a weakness of the case study method?
a) subjects' memories may have gaps
b) subjects' memories are often distorted
c) there are ethical issues regarding the inappropriate use of control groups
d) the findings may not be generalizable to others outside of the case study
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Evaluation
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
100) The tendency of subjects to provide researchers with answers that paint them in a favorable light is called ________.
a) a selection factor
b) the social desirability bias
c) observer bias
d) the phi phenomenon
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
101) Amy is being interviewed as part of a research study. During the interview she makes a point of expounding upon her many charitable activities in the communities, while conveniently “forgetting” to discuss the time she spent in jail for shoplifting. Her behavior is an example of the ______.
a) fundamental attribution error
b) actor-observer effect
c) saliency bias
d) social desirability bias
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
102) The type of research that may be best suited for detailed investigation of rare occurrences such as a person with dissociative identity disorder, is the ______ method, in which detailed information about a singular situation is gathered.
a) survey
b) correlational
c) cross-sectional
d) case study
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
103) The research method used by psychologists that involves the use of questionnaires, interviews, or public records to examine people's behaviors, attitudes, opinions, or feelings is the ______ method.
a) case study
b) correlational study
c) survey
d) experiment
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
104) A researcher asks a large number of students to rate themselves as either "liberal," "conservative," or "middle of the road." He then asks students to express their opinions on a variety of current issues from the federal deficit to legalization of drugs. The researcher then compiles the students' answers to find out what percentages of students labeled themselves as "liberal," etc. This researcher is using the ______ method.
a) survey
b) correlational
c) case study
d) experimental
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
105) A scientific research method in which large samples of people are questioned about behavior and mental processes that cannot be observed in a natural setting or studied experimentally is a ______.
a) survey
b) correlational
c) case study
d) experimental
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
106) A political poll in which people are asked who they intend to vote for is an example of the ______ method of research.
a) survey\
b) correlational
c) case study
d) experimental
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
107) In the Literary Digest poll discussed in your text, the poll incorrectly indicated that Alf Landon would defeat Franklin Roosevelt in the upcoming election. In the real election, Roosevelt won in a landslide. The poll's inaccuracy was due to ______.
a) the fact that most respondents felt their privacy was being intruded upon by the poll and lied about how they intended to vote
b) the fact that the poll surveyed people over the phone, and at the time, only the wealthy had telephones
c) improper statistical methods used by the researchers to tabulate the results of the poll
d) the fact that the poll used vaguely worded questions that confused the respondents
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
108) To apply observations based on a small research sample to a much larger population is to ______ the research observations.
a) stratify
b) verify
c) generalize
d) validate
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
109) Subjects drawn from a large group who are observed for research purposes are called a ______.
a) sample
b) population
c) treatment group
d) control group
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
110) To psychologists, a complete group of organisms or events targeted for research is called a ______.
a) sample
b) population
c) treatment group
d) control group
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
111) A sample that is drawn so that each member of a target population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate in the sample is called a ______ sample.
a) stratified
b) control
c) selection
d) random
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
112) A researcher knows that 12 percent of a target population is African American, and 9 percent is Hispanic American. The researcher selects her sample so that she ends up with a sample containing exactly 12 percent African Americans and 9 percent Hispanic Americans. This researcher used a ______ sample.
a) stratified
b) control
c) biased
d) random
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
113) A sample drawn such that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the population is a ______ sample.
a) stratified
b) control
c) biased
d) random
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
114) According to your text, a random sample of about ______ people will represent the general American population reasonably well.
a) 600
b) 900
c) 1,200
d) 1,500
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
115) Scientists have found that people who agree to participate in research studies differ systematically from people who do not. This problem is known as ______.
a) population bias
b) volunteer bias
c) control variance
d) placebo effect
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
116) Large-scale surveys of sexual behavior such as those run by Sports Illustrated or People magazine of their readers probably do not reflect the attitudes of the general American population because of ______.
a) population bias
b) cognitive distortion
c) volunteer bias
d) placebo effect
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
117) Each of the following is true of volunteer bias EXCEPT ______.
a) volunteers for research may represent specific subgroups of the population who differ systematically from the overall population
b) volunteers may be more interested in research than nonvolunteers
c) volunteers may have more spare time than nonvolunteers
d) volunteers are usually less intelligent but more trusting than nonvolunteers
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
118) The research method by which psychologists study behavior "in the field" with as little interference as possible is the ______ method.
a) case study
b) laboratory observation
c) experimental
d) naturalistic observation
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
119) The research method that focuses on using unobtrusive measures in observing subjects’ behaviors is the ______ method.
a) naturalistic observation
b) laboratory observation
c) experimental
d) survey
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
120) Quietly and unobtrusively studying how children play in a park is an example of ______.
a) the case study method
b) naturalistic observation
c) a correlational study
d) an experimental study
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
121) The naturalistic observation method provides _______ information. It ______ the best method for determining the causes of behavior.
a) empirical, is
b) empirical, is not
c) descriptive, is
d) descriptive, is not
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
122) The type of psychological research in which researchers attempt to discover if one or more variables are statistically related or linked to one another is the ______ method.
a) laboratory observation
b) correlational
c) survey
d) experimental
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
123) A scientist investigates if there is a statistical relationship between people’s IQ scores and their risk of committing suicide. After months of tracking smokers and nonsmokers, she finds that the lower people’s IQ scores are, the greater their risk is of attempting suicide at some point in their life. This scientist is using the ______ method of research.
a) laboratory observation
b) correlational
c) survey
d) experimental
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
124) A correlation coefficient is a number that varies between ______.
a) –0.50 and 0.50
b) –1.00 and 1.00
c) –2.00 and 2.00
d) –5.00 and 5.00
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
125) A correlation coefficient measures ______ of the relationship between two variables.
a) neither the strength nor direction
b) the strength, but not the direction
c) the direction, but not the strength
d) both the strength and direction
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
126) Which of the following is the strongest correlation between two variables?
a) +0.23
b) –0.01
c) +0.79
d) –0.97
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
127) Which of the following represents the weakest correlation between two variables?
a) +0.23
b) +0.01
c) –0.79
d) –0.97
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
128) A relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the other also increases is a ______.
a) placebo effect
b) positive correlation
c) selection factor
d) negative correlation
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
129) A relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases is a ______.
a) placebo effect
b) a positive correlation
c) a selection factor
d) a negative correlation
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
130) Scientists have found that, on average, as a person's height increases, so does her or his weight. This finding is an example of ______.
a) placebo effect
b) a positive correlation
c) a selection factor
d) a negative correlation
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
131) Scientists have found that, on average, as people’s scores on intelligence tests increase, the better their academic performance tends to be. This is an example of ______.
a) a neutral correlation
b) a positive correlation
c) a selection factor
d) a negative correlation
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
132) Scientists have found that, on average, as a person's weight increases, her or his activity level decreases. This is an example of ______.
a) placebo effect
b) a positive correlation
c) a selection factor
d) a negative correlation
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
133) Scientists have found that, on average, as people’s stress levels increase, the functioning of their immune system decreases. This is an example of ______.
a) a neutral correlation
b) a positive correlation
c) a selection factor
d) a negative correlation
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
134) A weakness of correlational studies is that ______.
a) they are expensive to set up and time consuming to run
b) they are subject to high levels of bias and distortion
c) they often require the use of deception, raising several ethical issues
d) they cannot be used to prove cause and effect
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Evaluation
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
135) A scientist is interested in finding out if there is a statistical relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Which type of research will be most effective in this regard?
a) a survey
b) laboratory observation
c) naturalistic observation
d) a correlational study
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
136) The preferred scientific approach for determining cause and effect in human behavior is the ______ method.
a) case study
b) correlational
c) laboratory observation
d) experimental
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
137) If a researcher could ethically conduct research to directly find out what CAUSES the relationship between lung cancer and cigarette smoking, what method of research would be most effective for doing this?
a) an experimental study
b) a case study
c) a correlational study
d) a laboratory observation study
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
138) A scientific method that seeks to discover cause-and-effect relationships by introducing independent variables and observing their effects on dependent variables is the ______ method.
a) correlational
b) experimental
c) naturalistic observation
d) case study
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
139) A condition in a scientific study that is manipulated so that its effects may be observed is the ______.
a) dependent variable
b) experimental control
c) experimental blind
d) independent variable
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
140) In an experiment, if there are two groups of drivers being studied and one group is given alcohol to measure its effects on driving ability while the other group is not given the alcohol, the alcohol would be considered the ______.
a) dependent variable
b) experimental control
c) experimental blind
d) independent variable
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
141) In an experiment, if there are two groups being studied and one group is given alcohol to measure its effects on driving ability, while the other group is not given the alcohol, the subjects’ driving ability is the ______.
a) dependent variable
b) experimental control
c) experimental blind
d) independent variable
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
142) A measure of the assumed effect of an independent variable is the ______.
a) dependent variable
b) experimental control
c) experimental blind
d) placebo effect
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
143) In an experiment, if there are two groups being studied and one group is given alcohol to measure its effects, while the other group is not given alcohol, the alcohol would be considered ______.
a) the blind
b) the control
c) the independent variable
d) the dependent variable
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
144) In an experiment, if there are two groups being studied and one group is given alcohol to measure its effects while the other group is not given alcohol, the people receiving the alcohol would be considered ______.
a) the dependent group
b) the experimental group
c) the independent group
d) the control group
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
145) In an experiment, if there are two groups being studied and one group is given alcohol to measure its effects while the other group is not given alcohol, the people who do not get the alcohol would be considered ______.
a) the dependent group
b) the experimental group
c) the independent group
d) the control group
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
146) In well-designed studies subjects are assigned ______ to treatment and control groups.
a) arbitrarily
b) serially
c) randomly
d) sequentially
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
147) Which of the following is NOT used to help control for subjects' behavior and expectations in an experimental study?
a) placebo
b) blind
c) random assignment
d) a selection factor
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
148) In social situations, men who believe they have been drinking alcohol tend to become ______ anxious and ______ aggressive.
a) less; less
b) less; more
c) more; less
d) more; more
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
149) In social situations, men who believe they have been drinking alcohol tend to become ______ sexually aroused and ______ aggressive.
a) less; less
b) less; more
c) more; less
d) more; more
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
150) In social situations, men who believe they have been drinking alcohol tend to become ______ anxious and ______ sexually aroused.
a) less; less
b) less; more
c) more; less
d) more; more
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
151) A bogus, ineffective treatment that has the appearance of being genuine is called ______.
a) a placebo
b) a control
c) a schema
d) a selection factor
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
152) In a study to measure the effects of a new drug to treat anxiety, some subjects are given the real drug while others are given sugar pills. In this situation, the sugar pills are being used as ______.
a) a placebo
b) a selection factor
c) a blind
d) a pablum
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
153) In experiments, some subjects are kept unaware of whether or not they have received an experimental treatment. This is known as keeping the subjects ______.
a) confused
b) generalized
c) blind
d) isolated
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
154) Experiments in which neither the subjects nor the researchers know who has been given the treatment and who has not are known as ______ studies.
a) single blind
b) double blind
c) tertiary
d) strain
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
155) Lang’s (1975. study found that men who drank nonalcoholic tonic water but who had been led to believe that it contained alcohol ______.
a) did not change in their behavior patterns and continued to act sober
b) were somewhat more aggressive, but not as aggressive as men who had drunk tonic water actually containing alcohol
c) were more aggressive than men who had unknowingly drunk tonic water actually containing alcohol
d) passed out and were unable to be compared to men who drank tonic water actually containing alcohol
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
156) In double-blind controlled studies, evidence shows that ______ can guess at greater than chance levels of accuracy whether an active drug or placebo was used.
a) neither prescribing doctors nor patients
b) prescribing doctors, but not patients
c) patients, but not prescribing doctors
d) both prescribing doctors and patients
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
157) The study of human happiness is front and center in the field of ______ psychology.
a) abnormal
b) developmental
c) positive
d) behavioral
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
158) Winning the lottery tends to ______.
a) result in long-term decreases in happiness.
b) have no impact on happiness whatsoever
c) result in only a temporary boost in happiness
d) promote long-term increases in happiness
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
159) Increases in happiness related to winning the lottery tend to ______.
a) fade within a few days
b) fade within a few weeks
c) fade within a year or so
d) remain constant for at least 5 to 10 years
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
160) Each of the following has been linked to happiness EXCEPT ______.
a) genetics
b) intelligence
c) having friends
d) religious faith
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
161) Seligman believes that boosting happiness involves each of the following fundamental challenges EXCEPT ______.
a) engaging in pleasurable activities
b) becoming absorbed and engaged in activities in daily life
c) finding meaning or personal fulfillment in life activities
d) becoming immersed in religious devotion and spiritual development
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
162) Today, roughly ______ of US residents are members of traditionally recognized ethnic or minority groups.
a) one-tenth
b) one-third
c) one-half
d) two-thirds
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
163) Presently, ______ are the largest minority groups in the United States.
a) Asian Americans and African Americans
b) Hispanics and Asian Americans
c) Hispanics and African Americans
d) African Americans and Native Americans
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
164) Currently, the two fastest growing US population groups are those who are of two or more races and ______.
a) African Americans
b) Asian Americans
c) Hispanics
d) Native Americans
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
165) By the middle of the century (about 2060), Non-Latino whites are projected to constitute approximately ___ of the US population.
a) 21%
b) 31%
c) 44%
d) 55%
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
166) It is projected that approximately _____ of adults in the United States will be over the age of 65 by the year 2060.
a) one-fifth
b) one-quarter
c) one-third
d) half
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
Question type: True-False
167) Feelings of depression are normal following a loss, such as the end of a relationship.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
168) Overall, the main reason why college students seek counseling services is to deal with substance-related problems.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
169) Adjustment is behavior that permits us to meet the demands of the environment.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
170) There is a one-to-one connection between some individual genes and corresponding psychological traits.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
171) Psychological traits such as intelligence and shyness are biologically transmitted from generation to generation with little environmental influence.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
172) The cultural heritages of ethnic minority groups are likely to have increasing impacts on the cultural life of the United States.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
173) Women were not permitted to attend college in the United States until 1833.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
174) Most astrological predictions have been supported by scientific research.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
175) Scientific statements about behavior must be supported by evidence.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
176) Scientific research has shown that TV violence causes aggressiveness in children.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
177) There is a historic bias of conducting research with women in the field of health.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
178) Research findings with men can usually be generalized to women.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
179) Sigmund Freud developed his theory of personality largely on the basis of experimental studies.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
180) A random sample of 1,500 people will represent the general U.S. population reasonably well.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
181) You use the naturalistic observation method every day of your life.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
182) The naturalistic observation method is the best method for determining the causes of behavior.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
183) Correlational research suggests relationships between variables, but does not show cause and effect.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
184) The FDA requires double-blind drug studies before it allows the marketing of new drugs.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
Question type: Essay
185) Explain what psychology is, what psychologists do, and how psychology can be helpful in exploring adjustment and growth issues.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
186) Compare and contrast adjustment and personal growth.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
187) Explain what genes and chromosomes are and what they do. Also, discuss why biology is not necessarily destiny.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
188) Compare and contrast between the clinical and healthy-personality approaches to adjustment.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
189) Discuss the focus and goals of positive psychology. Briefly explain the three fundamental challenges in boosting happiness, and describe at last three techniques for boosting happiness.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
190) Summarize research findings on what does, or does not, make people happy.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the differences between adjustment and personal growth, nature and nurture, and the clinical approach versus the healthy personality approach to the psychology of adjustment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Psychology and adjustment
191) Define ethnic group and discuss why it is important to study human diversity.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
192) Define gender and discuss the various prejudices experienced by women historically and in scientific research.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Discuss the ways in which our ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and other aspects of diversity relate to our adjustment and growth.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: Human diversity and adjustment
193) Explain what critical thinking is and why it is essential to your adjustment.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
194) Identify and briefly explain the ten principles of critical thinking.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
195) Show how critical thinking can be used to examine the claims made by supporters of astrology and other pseudosciences.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Synthesis
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
196) Explain at least five ways that critical thinking can be used to protect yourself from the false claims made in many self-help books.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Synthesis
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
197) Analyze how critical thinking can help protect people while surfing online.
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of critical thinking, and enumerate principles of critical thinking.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Synthesis
Section Reference 1: Critical thinking and adjustment
198) Explain what the scientific method is and describe the various steps involved in it.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
199) Discuss how researchers can use smartphones and other social media as research tools.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
200) Explain and provide some examples of the various sampling bias problems present in scientific research in regard to women.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Application
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment
201) Identify and briefly explain the various methods of observation used by psychologists.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Explain various methods of research, including the case study, the survey, naturalistic observation, the correlational method, and the experiment.
Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension
Section Reference 1: How psychologists study adjustment