Ch1 Human Relations Background – Test Bank | 6th Ed

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Student name:__________

1) _____ is the skill or ability to work effectively through and with other people.

2) A(n) _____ is someone who organizes and assumes the risks of beginning a business enterprise.

3) _____ is the generation of Americans born between 1965 and 1980, following the Baby Boomers who were born during the years 1946 to 1964.

4) Middle-aged adults with elderly dependent parents and dependent children who find themselves squeezed for time and finances are often referred to as the "_____" generation.

5) _____ is your feeling of confidence and worth as a person.

6) _____ is the knowledge of how you are being perceived by others.

7) _____ is the process of letting other people know what you are really thinking and feeling.

8) The term "_____" is used to describe the force that gets people to do their task.

9) The _____, an organization founded in 1869 which was much like the labor unions that came later, denounced the bad working conditions and unfair treatment in many workplaces of the time.

10) In Weber's model, called _____, each person had specific duties and responsibilities that were to be assigned on the basis of ability and talent only.

11) In the early years of the 20th century, Frederick Taylor and others began a movement called _____.

12) One of Frederick Taylor's best-known victories was the invention of the _____, a step that made scientific management very popular.

13) In her later life, _____ became known as "The First Lady of Management."

14) The results from Elton Mayo's _____ showed that the relationships that had formed naturally in the workplace made up what he called the "informal organization."

15) Based on the results of the Hawthorne Experiment, Elton Mayo found that the relationships that had formed naturally in the workplace made up what he called the _____ organization.

16) The noted psychologist Abraham Maslow devised a(n) "_____," which teaches that people tend to satisfy their needs in a certain order.

17) Congress passed the _____ in 1935 that gave unions and union members more rights than they had enjoyed before.

18) _____ introduced the concepts of Theory X and Theory Y.

19) McGregor's _____ stated that workers lacked ambition, disliked work, and wanted security above all else.

20) _____, introduced in the United States by W. Edwards Deming, held that the process of whatever happens in an organization is more important than the product.

21) Identify an accurate statement about human relations.

A) Practicing effective human relations helps in finding quick fixes to ongoing personal issues.
B) It is a study in understanding human behavior in order to influence others for one's advantage.
C) It includes a desire to understand others and their talents and abilities.
D) Learning better human relations skills is a cure-all.

22) _____ can be classified as internal customers.

A) Competitors
B) Traditional customers
C) Employees of a department
D) Online customers

23) Which of the following is a reason for the widespread anti-American sentiment in the global marketplace?

A) Americans appear to use poor human relations skills while engaging in business with other cultures.
B) Americans emphasize the process more than the product in the workplace.
C) Countries like China, India, and Japan have been unable to make a major impact on world markets compared with the United States.
D) Americans assume that having a college degree is no longer a ticket to a meaningful career.

24) The study of human relations is important because:

A) it emphasizes the knowledge of computer and technology.
B) it reduces diversity in a workplace.
C) it renews emphasis on working groups.
D) it stresses the importance of laying emphasis on the product rather than the process.

25) The generation of Americans born between 1965 and 1980 is referred to as _____.

A) the Baby Boomer generation
B) Generation X
C) Generation Y
D) the Millennial Generation

26) Which of the following is true of today's Generation Y?

A) They care more about production than about the needs of workers.
B) They feel that finding good, sustainable-wage jobs is hard and that advancement is very difficult.
C) They develop poor human relations with subordinates because many of the middle managers were called "hippies" in the past.
D) They see workers as lacking ambition, disliking work, and wanting security above all else.

27) The generation of Americans born between 1946 and 1964 is referred to as:

A) Generation X.
B) the Millennials.
C) Generation Z.
D) the Baby Boomers.

28) Which of the following statements is true of competition in the workplace?

A) The increasing number of people doing business on the Internet has resulted in a decline in competition among businesses.
B) Competitiveness is yet to reach rural areas where small businesses still don't feel the pressure.
C) Due to increased competition, having a college degree is no longer a ticket to a meaningful career.
D) Countries such as China, India, and other Asian nations are yet to create an impact on the world markets.

29) Which of the following statements is true of current challenges in human relations?

A) Generation Y tends to find sustainable-wage jobs easy to come by but advancement a very difficult task.
B) Additional financial pressures in dual-career families cause workplace stress and difficulties for everyone involved.
C) Having a college degree guarantees a ticket to a meaningful career but seldom a well-paying job.
D) Small businesses seldom feel pressure to meet the high international standards of the foreign market and of the huge multinational companies that dominate the economy.

30) People who belong to the sandwich generation:

A) are currently entering the job market.
B) are mostly in management positions.
C) find themselves squeezed for time and finances.
D) see workers as lacking ambition, disliking work, and wanting security above all else.

31) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of human relations?

A) Good human relations means being honest.
B) Human relations includes a desire to understand others.
C) Human relations skills must be developed throughout one's life.
D) Human relations are just common sense.

32) _____ and achievement of an organization's objectives are the two goals of the study of human relations.

A) Formulation of quick fixes for personal problems
B) Personal development and growth
C) Enhancement of informal communication channels
D) Identification of cure-alls for organizational problems

33) Identify an accurate statement about self-esteem.

A) Higher self-esteem improves attitude and job morale.
B) Self-esteem plays a minor role in human relations issues.
C) Higher self-esteem results in an individual possessing little energy for cultivating mutual respect with his or her peers.
D) People in developing countries have discovered its importance and influence on their daily lives.

34) What is the importance of healthy self-esteem in a workplace?

A) It is at the core of most strategic issues in organizations.
B) It enables an individual to understand group dynamics.
C) It is significantly important for individuals working as islands of expertise.
D) It is the key to top performance and high-quality work.

35) Mutual respect:

A) is the knowledge of how you are being perceived by others.
B) can exist only when a person's self-esteem is stable.
C) is the process of letting other people know what you are really thinking and feeling.
D) allows individuals to know what in their own behavior is being perceived as real by other people.

36) _____ reflects the positive side of human relations by allowing others to see what feelings and thoughts you really have.

A) Self-disclosure
B) Self-awareness
C) Self-esteem
D) Self-efficacy

37) Which of the following statements is true of group dynamics?

A) It is related to a variety of mental health issues, including alcoholism, anxiety, and depression.
B) It excludes the areas related to conflict management.
C) It gives an individual the power to force group members to do as instructed.
D) It is a cornerstone in the study of human relations.

38) _____ stated that management is about human beings, and its task is to make people capable of joint performance, to make their strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant.

A) Frederick Perls
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Peter Drucker
D) Stephen Covey

39) Which of the following groups founded in 1869 denounced the bad working conditions and unfair treatment in many workplaces of the time?

A) Mechanics' Union of Trade Associations
B) American Federation of Labor
C) Congress of Industrial Organizations
D) The Knights of Labor

40) Robert Owen influenced the industrialists of the early 19th century by:

A) introducing the idea that treating workers better would increase productivity and profits.
B) publishing a book called "The Philosophy of Manufacturers."
C) recognizing the importance of careful hiring and in-depth training to increase workers' productivity.
D) conducting the Hawthorne Experiment.

41) Which of the following reforms was introduced by Robert Owen?

A) Building company towns where workers would live in company houses
B) Suggesting that workers should have medical help, hot tea on a regular basis, good ventilation, and even sick leave
C) Stopping the employment of young children in his factory and encouraging his workforce to stay sober
D) Reducing motions involved in bricklaying to five by inventing labor-saving devices and changing workers' routines

42) In the context of Elton Mayo's study of the Hawthorne Experiment, _____ is the driving force in workers' behavior.

A) human relations issues
B) fear of punishment
C) creativity
D) ambition

43) Which of the following reforms was suggested by Andrew Ure in his book "The Philosophy of Manufacturers?"

A) The work of the people in an organization should be done in an orderly way, with only one supervisor to whom each worker must answer.
B) Workers should have medical help, hot tea on a regular basis, good ventilation, and even sick leave.
C) Identify "one best way" to perform a task to increase the productivity and profit.
D) Managers should carefully select and train workers for specific tasks.

44) _____ was the model suggested by Max Weber to deal with favoritism and nepotism.

A) Adhocracy
B) Hierarchy of needs
C) Bureaucracy
D) Total Quality Management

45) Max Weber's model "bureaucracy" helped in reducing favoritism and other unfair practices by:

A) assigning specific duties and responsibilities only on the basis of talent and ability.
B) assigning multiple supervisors to whom each worker must answer.
C) advocating careful selection and in-depth training of workers to motivate them.
D) implementing rules like standard work days, relaxed and regular lunch breaks, and rest periods.

46) How did Taylor's "optimum shovel" immediately increase the productivity at an eastern steel mill?

A) The shovel design allowed maximum work without the need for frequent rest periods.
B) The shovel reduced the motions involved from eighteen to five.
C) The shovel was discarded to create new machinery that automatized operations and reduced human work.
D) The use of a single shovel for shoveling coal into the large smelters and loading cinders into waste containers ensured an increase in productivity.

47) Which human relations movement pioneer suggested that workers should be involved in decisions affecting them?

A) Lillian Gilbreth
B) Robert Owen
C) Mary Parker Follett
D) Max Weber

48) What did Elton Mayo discover from the Hawthorne Experiment?

A) Strong bureaucracy in the organization would make up for a worker's lack of motivation, and thus the productivity would remain high.
B) Workers performed better because someone was paying attention to them, which was more than what they were accustomed to receiving at work.
C) Managers treated workers well because they knew that the workers would be hard to replace due to scarcity of labor.
D) Workers' productivity increased because they used the optimum shovel, which allowed them to work the whole day without taking too many breaks.

49) In the context of McGregor's management theory, Theory X managers see workers as _____.

A) lacking ambition
B) being creative
C) being able to assume responsibility
D) requiring rigorous training and assistance

50) Which of the following statements forms the cornerstone of Total Quality Management (TQM)?

A) Inflexible, static rules are potentially harmful to maintaining a productive workforce.
B) It places significant emphasis on the rights and needs of the individual person.
C) It assumes that all workers are happy to work, are able to assume responsibility, and are overall quite creative.
D) The process of whatever happens in an organization is more important than the product.

51) What are the aspects included in human relations?

52) Why is human rights considered an important reason for studying human relations?

53) Why are human relations skills important for a manager?

54) How have single-parent families and divorces affected the workplace?

55) People who think that human relations is an unnecessary skill believe that "common sense will carry you through." Is this viewpoint correct?

56) Why is self-esteem at the core of most issues in human relations?

57) Discuss the relationship between self-esteem and mutual respect.

58) Why is group dynamics a cornerstone in the study of human relations?

59) Describe company towns that were constructed during the first decades of the Industrial Revolution.

60) Why did Max Weber develop the bureaucracy model?

61) What is Frederick Taylor best known for? Discuss his invention of the optimum shovel.

62) Describe the two major features of Taylor's approach to increasing efficiency.

63) How did Taylor's "optimum shovel" increase the productivity of the steel mill?

64) What were the Gilbreths best known for?

65) What are the three concepts of human relations that Mary Parker Follett advocated?

66) Describe the two important discoveries made by Elton Mayo and his Harvard colleagues from their study of the Hawthorne Experiment.

67) Describe the workplace situation in America during World War II.

68) Differentiate between McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y managers.

69) What were the major changes brought about in human relations during the 1960s?

70) Write a short note on Total Quality Management (TQM).

71) The skill or ability to work effectively through and with other people is known as human relations.

⊚ true
⊚ false

72) An average performer at a workplace with good human relations skills often appears better to others than other average performers.

⊚ true
⊚ false

73) Poor human relations skills can make an otherwise able person seem like a poor performer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

74) The two sets of behaviors now considered the most important for new job applicants are communication skills and human relations abilities.

⊚ true
⊚ false

75) The ability to work with people is not an essential skill in e-commerce as there is no face-to-face interaction with the customers.

⊚ true
⊚ false

76) Small businesses feel pressure to meet the high international standards of the foreign market, and of the huge multinational companies that dominate the economy.

⊚ true
⊚ false

77) Generation Y is characterized by middle-aged adults who find themselves pressed for time and finances to support their own children along with their aging parents and parents-in-law.

⊚ true
⊚ false

78) Human relations depends significantly on ordinary good sense and judgment.

⊚ true
⊚ false

79) In the workplace, the key to top performance and high-quality work is healthy self-esteem.

⊚ true
⊚ false

80) Without trust, mutual respect is meaningless.

⊚ true
⊚ false

81) If your self-esteem is too fragile, you will have little energy left for cultivating mutual respect.

⊚ true
⊚ false

82) Self-disclosure is the knowledge of how you are being perceived by others.

⊚ true
⊚ false

83) Self-awareness allows individuals to know what in their own behavior is being perceived as real by other people.

⊚ true
⊚ false

84) Self-disclosure promotes genuineness and closeness in your relationships with other people.

⊚ true
⊚ false

85) Listening level in communication is less important than the ability to express ideas and concepts precisely.

⊚ true
⊚ false

86) Group dynamics is defined as the positive consideration or regard that two people have for each other.

⊚ true
⊚ false

87) "The Philosophy of Manufacturers," written by Andrew Ure, suggested that workers should have medical help, good ventilation, and even sick leave.

⊚ true
⊚ false

88) According to Max Weber, human relations problems are caused by favoritism, nepotism, and other unfair practices.

⊚ true
⊚ false

89) Max Weber is known as the pioneer of scientific management.

⊚ true
⊚ false

90) Fredrick Taylor's scientific management approach contained two major features: careful hiring and in-depth training.

⊚ true
⊚ false

91) Frederick Taylor is universally criticized as someone who cared more about the needs of workers than about production.

⊚ true
⊚ false

92) One of Taylor's best-known victories was the discoveries based on the Hawthorne Studies.

⊚ true
⊚ false

93) Mary Parker Follett identified a system of bricklaying with more than double the productivity of the old system.

⊚ true
⊚ false

94) From the Hawthorne Studies, Elton Mayo found that the relationships that form naturally in a workplace make up what he called the "informal organization."

⊚ true
⊚ false

95) The most important improvement Elton Mayo brought to human relations and management was that managers began to understand the complex needs of workers instead of seeing them mostly as people who need wages.

⊚ true
⊚ false

96) The Wagner Act made it illegal for employers to use scare tactics or other techniques to prevent employees from forming or joining unions.

⊚ true
⊚ false

97) During World War II, scarcity of jobs made many employers feel that they could "fire the problems and hire the solutions."

⊚ true
⊚ false

98) Theory X managers see workers as happy to work and able to assume responsibility.

⊚ true
⊚ false

99) Eric Berne's "Transactional Analysis" was a method of understanding interpersonal communication in a workplace.

⊚ true
⊚ false

100) Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasized that the final product is more important than the process of creating that product.

⊚ true
⊚ false