Ch1 Exam Prep Becoming Human

a.

Biblical calculations were redone, producing a much later date for the creation of humans.

b.

Ancient Asian sources demonstrated a million-year time frame for the creation of the world.

c.

Homo sapiens fossils found in Morocco were dated as early as 315,000 years ago.

d.

The earliest fossils of Homo sapiens were found in East Africa.

a.

the existence of multiple planetary systems.

b.

million-year time frames.

c.

that planets were first joined together and would rejoin at the end of time.

d.

that humans descended from apes and originated in Africa.

a.

All life evolved over a long period from simple forms of matter.

b.

Humans evolved in several different places on Earth.

c.

Traditional creation narratives all produce a similar date for the origins of the universe.

d.

Modern humans appeared all at once thousands of years ago.

a.

Modern science indicates that the origin of the universe was much longer ago than do traditional creation narratives.

b.

Modern science indicates that humans first appeared suddenly, as do traditional creation narratives.

c.

Neither modern science nor traditional creation narratives has an answer for how the universe began.

d.

Creation narratives and modern science indicate that divine beings had a role in creating all life.

a.

Yoruba narratives.

b.

Big History

c.

Potassium-argon method

d.

Buddhist cosmology

a.

The ability to see farther than other mammals

b.

The ability to climb trees

c.

The ability to outrun predators

d.

The ability to migrate away from hostile environments

a.

The ability to walk upright with the head as a balancing point

b.

The ability of children to be self-sufficient at a young age

c.

The ability to learn, remember, and pass on information to the next generation

d.

The ability to identify friends from foes

a.

Fossil finds in East and South Africa showed that several different kinds of early hominids were living in isolated societies and evolving separately.

b.

Fossil finds in southern Africa indicated that some groups of hominids had begun to use fire.

c.

Fossil finds indicated that some groups of hominids prior to australopithecines made bone tools.

d.

Some fossils indicated that different hominids were evolving in Southwest Asia, and had remarkably modern teeth and hands.

a.

Development of simple language

b.

Using tools to create tools

c.

Creating simple musical instruments

d.

Bipedalism

a.

Fire created a focus for new religious ideas, leading to new cultural development.

b.

Fire helped hominids to expand their diets, leading to still larger brain size.

c.

Fire provided a gathering point for small communities, leading to more complex social structures.

d.

Fire permitted the creation of bronze tools, allowing the hunting of large animals.

a.

They had larger brain capacity than earlier hominids because their mothers had wider pelvises.

b.

They were largely ignored by other clan members until they could contribute to clan survival.

c.

They could not feed or care for themselves for many years, requiring prolonged maternal care.

d.

They were closely guarded by their mothers, who feared attacks from other females in the clan.

a.

Australopithecines survived by building structures to store water.

b.

Retreating ice sheets created the savannas, which favored Homo habilis.

c.

Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons fought a war over resources, which led to the extinction of Neanderthals.

d.

Larger-brained, quicker, more adaptable Homo sapiens survived and spread out of Africa.

a.

They were able to defeat wandering bands of australopithecines.

b.

They were able to coordinate hunting efforts for the first time.

c.

They were no longer able to communicate with other hominids.

d.

They were able to create culture and pass it to future generations.

a.

A new Ice Age created massive impassable glaciers separating the Americas from Afro-Eurasia.

b.

Melting glaciers covered the land bridge between East Asia and the Americas with water, physically separating the continents.

c.

The peoples of these two regions pursued fundamentally different strategies for finding food, so they had little desire for communication.

d.

The peoples of Afro-Eurasia refused to adapt to changing environments.

a.

It expanded into nineteen separate language families.

b.

It was unchanged, as the vocal chords of humans were unchanged.

c.

The number of phonemes became more limited.

d.

It differed only marginally from the language systems of other primates.

a.

They spent nearly every hour of the day foraging for food.

b.

They formed small bands that were relatively egalitarian.

c.

They avoided social behaviors such as friendly competitions.

d.

Since most of the food was obtained by hunting, the role of women was limited to childbearing.

a.

Humans migrated out of Africa to Eurasia.

b.

Humans discovered fire.

c.

Humans created music and art.

d.

Humans learned to domesticate plants and animals.

a.

A large increase in human population

b.

The extinction of hunter-gatherer societies

c.

A wider variety of foods for humans

d.

Greater diversity of plants and animals

a.

North Africa

b.

The Yellow River valley

c.

Southwest Asia

d.

The Nile Valley

a.

Farming was more difficult, since food had to be grown not only for humans but also for their animals.

b.

Humans gave up hunting to obtain protein.

c.

Some communities developed pastoralism to provide sufficient food supplies for their growing herds.

d.

Relationships between pastoralists and agriculturalists worsened, as they competed for the same land.

a.

They were more numerous than agriculturalists because their diets consisted of more protein.

b.

They tended to have little influence on world history because their migratory lives left little time for artistic or intellectual expression.

c.

They were less sophisticated culturally than their agriculturalist neighbors because they did not build social networks and religious structures.

d.

They domesticated horses, which gave them decisive advantages in transportation and warfare.

a.

Nomadic pastoralists could trade with more settled agricultural villages in northern China.

b.

The superior military techniques of nomadic pastoralists could keep transhumant pastoralists out of their territory.

c.

The steppes were unable to support large agricultural settlements, but could support large herds of grazing animals.

d.

The superior numbers and military strength of settled agriculturalists forced the nomadic pastoralists northward.

a.

They transmitted ideas, products, and people across long distances, linking villages with a wider world.

b.

They left important records that influenced agricultural innovation.

c.

They had so little interaction with villages that farmers came to think of them as powerful mythological beings.

d.

They served as a buffer between agricultural communities and outside enemies.

a.

The Andes Mountains, in which tool fabrication first appeared

b.

The region of Southwest Asia with rich soils and regular rainfall in which the agricultural revolution first appeared

c.

The regions of southern France and northern Spain, where many cave paintings have been discovered

d.

The region of Southeast Asia, where scholars found evidence of rice cultivation

a.

Rice and millet

b.

Millet and sorghum

c.

Maize and beans

d.

Wild barley and wheat

a.

Sheep

b.

Pigs

c.

Horses

d.

Cattle

a.

Millet and sorghum

b.

Maize and potatoes

c.

Rice and millet

d.

Wheat and rice

a.

The cooling climate froze out the fishing societies spread out along the coasts and rivers.

b.

Rising sea levels created islands and limited the range of large game animals, leading to their extinction.

c.

Sinking sea levels meant that there was more land available for settled agriculture.

d.

A land bridge from the Korean Peninsula allowed the migration of agriculturalists to Japan.

a.

The need to defend against foreign invaders by banding together

b.

The local availability of large domesticable animals and a variety of cereal grains

c.

The presence of active religious pilgrimage sites for ceremonies and rituals

d.

The presence of lush forests with many navigable rivers

a.

The climate became warmer and the desert expanded.

b.

The climate cooled and the region no longer supported crops.

c.

Population pressure caused the people of the Sahel to migrate to new places.

d.

Invaders from Egypt forced the Sahelians to move.

a.

lived exclusively as hunter-gatherers.

b.

developed agriculture, with sorghum as the principal food crop.

c.

established the use of camels to convey goods across hot, arid territories.

d.

borrowed the idea of settled agriculture from Southwest Asia via the Nile River valley.

a.

Humans adapted to different ecological niches and created new subsistence strategies.

b.

Humans experienced rapid population growth as they abandoned hunting and gathering in favor of settled agriculture.

c.

Humans developed extensive traditions of watercraft on the coast of Peru to promote trade along the coast.

d.

Humans wiped out the large Ice Age Mammals.

a.

Populations in the Americas were more widely scattered and isolated from each other.

b.

People in the Americas were unable to adapt to local ecozones.

c.

People in the Americas did not develop refined agricultural techniques.

d.

Populations in the Americas did not create villages and settled life.

a.

Wheat, barley, and horses

b.

Rice, millet, and chickens

c.

Sorghum, bananas, and cattle

d.

Maize, potatoes, and guinea pigs

a.

The first European domesticated crops included Southwest Asian crops—wheat and barley.

b.

The first European domesticated crops included Southwest Asian crops—maize and potatoes.

c.

The similarities in the climates made adaptation of Southwest Asian crops relatively easy throughout Europe.

d.

Long periods of time were required to adapt Southwest Asian crops to southern European climates.

a.

Religious art works

b.

Egalitarian gender roles

c.

Social stratification

d.

Maritime trade