Cells Ch3 Test Bank Docx

Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)

Chapter 3 Cells

1) What do a pine tree, an octopus, and a bacterium have in common at the cellular level?

A) nothing in common

B) nuclei

C) blood supply

D) cancerous tissues

E) genetic material

2) The scientist given credit for first using the term "cell" to describe the basic unit of life was

A) Mathias Schleiden.

B) Robert Hooke.

C) Carl Woese.

D) Rudolf Virchow.

E) J. Craig Venter.

3) Why are cells called "the fundamental unit of life"?

A) All known organisms have one or more cells.

B) Earliest life on Earth is hypothesized to have been single-celled.

C) Some cells are separate living entities that can survive individually.

D) Cells are the smallest unit of life that can function independently.

E) All answers are correct.

4) The scientist(s) given credit for formulating the "cell theory" was (were)

A) Robert Hooke.

B) Carl Woese.

C) J. Craig Venter.

D) Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann.

E) Antony van Leeuwenhoek.

5) Which component of the cell theory argues against life on Earth evolving from inorganic molecules?

A) All organisms are made of one or more cells.

B) The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.

C) All cells come from preexisting cells.

D) Cells are small in size.

E) All cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

6) The scientist given credit for adding the third component to the cell theory, all cells come from preexisting cells, was

A) Robert Hooke.

B) Theodor Schwann.

C) Rudolf Virchow.

D) Carl Woese.

E) J. Craig Venter.

7) The original three components of the cell theory are that

A) all organisms have DNA, DNA is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

B) all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

C) all organisms have DNA, all organisms are made of cells, and all cells produce proteins.

D) all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells have a nucleus.

E) all organisms are made of one or more cells, all cells contain DNA, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

8) How do cells avoid surface area limitations?

A) all of the choices

B) flattened shape

C) long and thin shape

D) transportation system that circulates materials inside the cell

E) many microscopic extensions

9) Which of the following are the primary components of the cell membrane and contribute to its semi-permeability property?

A) cholesterols

B) proteins

C) phospholipids

D) enzymes

E) sugars

10) A phospholipid molecule

A) has a hydrophilic head that is repelled by water.

B) has hydrophilic tails that are repelled by water.

C) has a hydrophilic head that is attracted to water.

D) has a hydrophobic head that is repelled by water.

E) has hydrophobic tails that are attracted to water.

11) Which of the following is not a characteristic of an animal cell membrane?

A) It has a fluid structure.

B) It has a rigid structure.

C) It has a fluid mosaic structure.

D) It has a bilayer of phospholipids.

E) It contains cholesterol.

12) The phospholipid bilayer of membranes allows lipids and small nonpolar molecules to pass across membranes, but prohibits the passage of ions and polar molecules. This occurs because the phospholipid tails are

A) always saturated.

B) hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

C) always unsaturated.

D) hydrophilic and selectively permeable.

E) hydrophobic and selectively permeable.

13) Eukaryotic cells

A) have cell walls with peptidoglycan.

B) are usually smaller than prokaryotic cells.

C) have nucleiods.

D) have membrane-bound organelles.

E) do not usually have a nucleus.

14) The three domains in the Woese system of classification are

A) Bacteria, Animalia, and Plantae.

B) Fungi, Protista, and Animalia.

C) Archaea, Eukarya, and Protista.

D) Monera, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

E) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

15) The cell wall of bacteria

A) helps prevent the cell from bursting.

B) protects the cell.

C) gives bacteria distinct shapes.

D) may contain a capsule.

E) All answers are correct.

16) Penicillin halts bacterial infections by

A) stimulating a person's immune system.

B) damaging the cell membrane.

C) interfering with the construction of the cell wall.

D) causing the DNA of a bacterium to mutate.

E) All answers are correct.

17) What type of membrane protein is involved in creating anchoring junctions between animal cells?

A) transport proteins

B) enzymes

C) recognition proteins

D) adhesion proteins

E) receptor proteins

18) What type of membrane protein is involved in passing ions and polar molecules across membranes?

A) transport proteins

B) enzymes

C) recognition proteins

D) adhesion proteins

E) receptor proteins

19) Which pair of junctions, have the most analogous function?

A) plasmodesmata, gap junction

B) plasmodesmata, tight junction

C) tight junction, anchoring junction

D) gap junction, anchoring junction

E) anchoring junction, plasmodesmata

20) The theory of endosymbiosis is based on

A) the knowledge that ribosomes are structures found in bacteria, plants, and animals.

B) the experiments in which bacteria were grown in plant cells and formed chloroplasts.

C) the knowledge that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria.

D) evidence from the fossil record.

E) similarities between chloroplasts and other organelles in animals.

21) Which of the following organelles would help you differentiate between plant and animal cells?

A) a centriole

B) a ribosome

C) a cell membrane

D) a peroxisome

E) a chloroplast

22) The function of the nucleolus is

A) protein synthesis.

B) photosynthesis.

C) to transport materials out of the nucleus.

D) to assemble components of ribosomes.

E) to assemble DNA.

23) The most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells, that contains most of its DNA, is the

A) endoplasmic reticulum.

B) nucleus.

C) ribosome.

D) nucleolus.

E) cell membrane.

24) Which of the following roles is not performed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum nor the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A) protein production

B) lipid production

C) detoxification of poisons

D) DNA production

E) vesicle formation for transport to the Golgi apparatus

25) If you asked students to describe the Golgi apparatus on an exam, you would deduct points if a student described it as 

A) an organelle.

B) a processing center.

C) studded with ribosomes.

D) a stack of membrane enclosed sacs.

E) involved with secretion of cellular components.

26) In order, the organelles involved in the production of milk are 

A) nucleus, nuclear pore, rough ER, smooth ER, transport vesicle, Golgi body, and vesicle for secretion.

B) nucleus, smooth ER, rough ER, nuclear pore, transport vesicle, Golgi body, and vesicle for secretion.

C) nucleus, transport vesicle, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi body, and vesicle for secretion.

D) nucleus, nuclear pore, Golgi body, rough ER, transport vesicle, smooth ER, and vesicle for secretion.

E) None of the answers are correct.

27) Which of the following are cellular digestion centers?

A) peroxisomes and ribosomes

B) lysosomes and peroxisomes

C) ribosomes and chloroplasts

D) chloroplasts and ribosomes

E) lysosomes and Golgi apparatus

28) Chloroplasts are known for all of the following except being

A) glucose factories.

B) responsible for respiration.

C) found in plants.

D) organelles that carry out photosynthesis.

E) found in some protists.

29) Mitochondria are known for all of the following except that they do not

A) have their own DNA.

B) extract energy from food.

C) have two membranes.

D) have cristae.

E) carry out photosynthesis.

30) In most mammals, the mitochondrial DNA is inherited from

A) the father only.

B) the mother and father.

C) either parent.

D) the mother only.

E) Mitochondria are not found in mammals.

31) In plant cells, a central vacuole

A) produces protein.

B) degrades molecules and organelles and maintains water pressure.

C) produces mRNA.

D) stores genetic information.

E) produces energy from food.

32) Which of the following are recycling centers for cells?

A) ribosomes and Golgi apparatus

B) endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts

C) mitochondria and nucleus

D) central vacuole and lysosomes

E) All answers choices are correct.

33) A cytoskeleton is

A) a structure that aids in the process of cell division.

B) found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

C) a system of tracks used for transport.

D) composed of microtubules and microfilaments.

E) All answers are correct.

34) Flagella can be

A) found on prokaryotic cells.

B) found on human sperm.

C) used for movement.

D) found on eukaryotic cells.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

35) A protein channel linking the cytoplasm of adjacent cells is called

A) a tight junction.

B) a gap junction.

C) an adhering junction.

D) an adjacent junctions.

E) a microtubular junction.

36) All eukaryotic cells produce proteins. Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are made by ribosomes attached to the

A) cell wall.

B) chloroplast.

C) rough endoplasmic reticulum.

D) mitochondrion.

E) Golgi apparatus.

37) Cells typically keep the surface to volume ratio high. If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height, width, and length of the cell, how much would the surface area increase?

A) 2 times greater

B) 4 times greater

C) It would stay the same.

D) 9 times greater

E) 8 times greater

38) Cells typically keep the surface to volume ratio high. If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height, width, and length of the cell, how much would the volume increase?

A) 2 times greater

B) 8 times greater

C) It would stay the same.

D) 9 times greater

E) 4 times greater

39) What would be the reason for a scientist engineering a cell for a high surface area-to-volume ratio?

A) To maximize the relative surface area to exchange nutrients, water, and waste.

B) To maximize the exchange of heat.

C) To provide more volume to store extra organelles.

D) To provide more volume to store nutrients.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

40) What is the advantage of a mature red blood cell having a flattened shape rather than a spherical shape?

A) It is easier for them to fit through arteries and veins.

B) It provides more membrane for the electron transport chains where oxygen is consumed.

C) It provides more receptor sites for the membrane-bound hemoglobin molecules which transport oxygen.

D) It saves energy by making more membrane relative to the volume of the cell.

E) It maximizes the relative surface area for gas exchange.

41) Eukaryotic cells are 10-100 times larger than prokaryotic cells. How do eukaryotic cells resolve the surface area to volume limitations that favor smaller cells?

A) They have pumps that move gasses and nutrients through the cell.

B) Movement of materials is prevented in cells without a cell wall.

C) Organelles keep reactions compartmentalized and concentrated.

D) Gasses are taken up by active transport.

E) None of the biochemical reactions in prokaryotes occur in eukaryotes.

42) You discover a new life form, and study it under an electron microscope. You find that it has no organelles, a peptidoglycan cell wall, and fatty acids in its plasma membrane. You conclude that the new life form is in domain

A) Bacteria.

B) Archaea.

C) Eukarya.

D) Protista.

E) Animalia.

43) Which of the following do plants use to transport nutrients between adjacent cells?

A) tight junction

B) gap junction

C) plasmodesmata

D) anchoring junction

E) cell wall

44) You are working on a forensics team and collect cells from a crime scene. The cells have a cell wall made of cellulose. This sample most likely came from

A) an animal.

B) a bacterium.

C) a plant.

D) a fungus.

E) an archaean.

45) What type of microscope would you use if you wanted to examine the movement of a freshwater protist?

A) light microscope

B) transmission electron microscope

C) scanning electron microscope

D) light microscope and transmission electron microscope

E) transmission and scanning electron microscopes

46) Unlike microtubules, which operate in the cilia and flagella, what is the role of microfilaments in eukaryotic cells?

A) a component of the cytoskeleton

B) provide strength during cell stretching and compression

C) anchor cells to each other

D) involved in muscle contractions with myosin protein

E) All of the answers choices are correct.

47) If you collected and external part of a eukaryotic plasma membrane, and chemical tests showed that it was made of cellulose, you would expect to see plasmodesmata if observed with an electron microscope.

48) If you were examining a plasmodesma under a microscope, you would expect to find a plant cell at each end.

49) If you found a piece of animal tissue that did not allow fluid to cross between cells, you would predict that it contained tight junctions.

50) Scientists have discovered a few prokaryotic cells do have internal membranes.

51) Magnetism-detecting bacteria turn with an applied magnetic field.

52) Bacteria with magnetosomes swim based on the direction of the

A) magnetic fields.

B) gravity.

C) sunlight.

D) moving water.

E) turbulence.

53) Some prokaryotes do have internal membranes, used in detecting gravity.

54) The cytoskeleton consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

55) Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the presence of structures like chloroplasts and ribosomes, which resemble cells from prokaryotic domains, in eukaryotic cells.

56) Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the resemblance of chloroplasts and mitochondria to bacteria.