Carney Chapter 15 Infectious Disease & Health Exam Questions

Chapter 15: Infectious Diseases: Antibiotic Resistance and Public Health

Multiple Choice

1. In 2013, for the first time, CDC reported estimates of numbers of people who become ill and die each year from what?

A. HIV

B. Tuberculosis

C. Eastern Equine Encephalitis

D. Antibiotic-resistant infections

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2. One of the biggest concerns about unnecessary antibiotic use and resultant resistant infections is:

A. Health care costs will increase moderately

B. Pharmaceutical companies will close

C. Infections may not be treatable

D. Hospitals will need to isolate patients

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3. The number of annual deaths from antibiotic-resistant infections in the United States is about:

A. 3000

B. 13,000

C. 23,000

D. 63,000

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4. In the United States the system developed to track a variety of characteristics of antibiotics and their use in both humans and animals is called:

A. National System for Monitoring of Animal Antibiotics

B. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria

C. National Surveillance System for Diarrheal Diseases

D. National Infection Control and Prevention System

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5. Clostridium difficile causes inflammation, resulting in what severe symptom?

A. Vomiting

B. Swelling

C. Rash

D. Diarrhea

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6. An example of an infection characterized by CDC as a “serious” threat is durg-resistant:

A. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

B. N. gonorrhoeae

C. Escherichia coli

D. Salmonella typhi

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7. Which of the following vaccines contributes to prevention of antibiotic-resistant infections?

A. MMR

B. Poliovirus vaccine

C. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

D. Tetanus vaccine

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8. According to CDC, an example of an infection that is a current and future concern is drug-resistant:

A. Group A Streptococcus

B. E. Coli

C. MRSA

D. CRE

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9. Appropriate use of antibiotics in both health care settings and in animals is called:

A. Smart prescribing

B. Antibiotic stewardship

C. Prevention as a priority

D. Regulatory framework

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10. CDC’s national campaign to educate the public and health professionals about antibiotic prescribing is called:

A. Get Smart

B. Less Infections, Now

C. Stop Pills

D. Test for Success

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True or False

11. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are characterized by CDC as a serious threat because they cause infections that may result in hospitalization, but are rarely fatal.

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12. Bacteria may develop resistance to antibiotics, especially when antibiotics are used when not needed.

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13. Antibiotic resistance, as a public health issue, is largely confined to health care institutions in the United States.

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14. In low and middle-income countries, overuse of antibiotics, and inadequate access to appropriate antibiotics are both concerns.

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15. In developing countries, infection rates in Intensive Care Units and surgical infections are generally lower than in the United States.

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16. In patients with symptoms lasting more than three days, antibiotics are effective in treating the common cold.

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17. Outside of North America and Northern Europe, a high percentage of antibiotic use does not require prescriptions.

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18. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been documented to spread from animals to people and from people to animals.

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19. The Lancet Commission concluded that there is “strong circumstantial evidence” that antibiotic-resistance genes may be spread between people, animals, and the environment.

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20. Prevention strategies to prevent C. difficile include surveillance, testing some patients, hand washing, and infection control measures.

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21. “Core Action” to prevent antibiotic resistance include antibiotic stewardship, surveillance, immunizations, and hand washing.

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22. Antibiotic prescribing practices in U.S. hospitals are too high, and similar across geographic regions.

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23. A study conducted in 13 European countries showed variation in antibiotic prescribing for the same symptom, not likely due to differences in disease incidence.

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24. Large U.S. medical organizations such as the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Pediatrics are promoting appropriate antibiotic use in health care settings.

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25. In a Cochrane study of 95 hospital antibiotic stewardship programs, both restrictions on prescribing, and education and reminders were effective.

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Multiple Answer

26. Which of the following antibiotic-resistant infections have been reported internationally?

A. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

B. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

C. Escherichia coli

D. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

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27. Which of the following are prudent strategies for reducing antibiotic-resistant infections?

A. Not prescribing antibiotics for viral infections

B. Finishing antibiotics as prescribed for bacterial infections

C. Lower the price of broad-spectrum antibiotics

D. Increasing antibiotic use to prevent infections in animals

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28. Which of the following are true about antibiotic resistance?

A. Transfer of antibiotic resistance may happen between bacteria

B. Mutations in bacteria in combination with selection pressure both contribute

C. Animals treated with antibiotics may develop resistant bacteria in their gastrointestinal tracks

D. Antibiotic resistance from animals rarely spreads to humans

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29. Bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics due to:

A. Chromosomal mutations

B. Conjugation

C. Transduction

D. Gene splicing

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30. Which of the following have been classified by CDC as “urgent” threats?

A. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

B. Clostridium difficile

C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

D. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

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