Bauer Exam Prep Ch.17 Biochemistry

Introduction to Chemistry, 5e (Bauer)

Chapter 17 Biochemistry

1) Which of the amino acids is a building block for proteins?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

2) Which of the following is not a building block for proteins?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

3) Which of the amino acids contains an acidic side chain?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

4) Which of the amino acids contains a basic side chain?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

5) Which amino acid contains a polar side chain?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

6) Which amino acid contains a nonpolar side chain?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

7) Which of these forms represents how an amino acid exists under physiological conditions?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

8) The following peptide is formed from two amino acids:

Which of the following correctly identifies the peptide bond as indicated by the circled bond?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

E) E

9) The following peptide is formed from two amino acids:

Which of the following correctly identifies the peptide bond as indicated by the circled bond?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

E) E

10) The following peptide is formed from two amino acids:

Which of the following correctly identifies the alpha carbons as indicated by the circled atoms?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

E) E

11) The following peptide is formed from two amino acids:

Which of the following correctly identifies the alpha carbons as indicated by the circled atoms?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

E) E

12) The following molecule is formed by two amino acids:

Identify the alpha carbons using the numbers as shown.

A) 2, 4

B) 1, 6

C) 2, 3

D) 2, 6

13) The following molecule is formed by three amino acids:

Identify the alpha carbons using the numbers as shown.

A) 1, 2

B) 3, 5, 8

C) 1, 3, 5

D) 2, 3, 8

E) 1, 3, 6

14) The following molecule is formed by two amino acids:

Identify the alpha carbons (using the numbers as shown) and the side chains for each amino acid in the molecule.

A) 2, 4; CH3, CH2SH

B) 1, 6; CHNH2, SH

C) 2, 3; CH3, CO

D) 2, 4; NH2, CO2H

E) 2, 6; CH3, SH

15) The following molecule is formed by three amino acids:

Identify the alpha carbons (using the numbers as shown) and the side chains for each amino acid in the molecule.

A) 1, 2; H, CO

B) 3, 5, 8; CH3, CO, CH2(CH3)2

C) 1, 3, 5; H, CH3, CO

D) 2, 3, 8; CO, CH3, CH3

E) 1, 3, 6; H, CH3, CH2(CH3)2

16) Which of the following correctly shows the product of the reaction between serine and alanine?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

E) E

17) Which of the following correctly shows the product of the reaction between serine and glycine?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

E) E

18) Which of the following tripeptides could not be formed by a combination of glycine, cysteine, and isoleucine.

A) Gly-Cys-Ile

B) Gly-Ile-Cys

C) Ile-Gly-Cys

D) Cys-Ile-Gly

E) All of these are possible.

19) Which of the following tripeptides contain one each of serine, glycine, and cysteine?

A) Ser-Gly-Cys

B) Ser-Gly-Ile

C) Gly-Gly-Ser

D) Gly-Ser-Gly

E) Sin-Gin-Cin

20) Which of the following could be formed by reaction of Met-Thr-Arg with Ser?

A) Met-Thr-Arg

B) Ser-Met-Thr-Arg

C) Met-Ser-Thr-Arg

D) Met-Thr-Ser-Arg

E) Met-Ser-Arg

21) How many different amino acids are obtained by hydrolyzing all the peptide bonds in the following polypeptide?

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) 4

22) How many different amino acids are obtained by hydrolyzing all the peptide bonds in the following polypeptide?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

23) How many different amino acids are obtained by hydrolyzing all the peptide bonds in the following polypeptide?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

24) How many different amino acids are obtained by hydrolyzing all the peptide bonds in the following polypeptide?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

25) Which amino acids are obtained by hydrolyzing all the peptide bonds in the following polypeptide?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

26) Which amino acids are obtained by hydrolyzing all the peptide bonds in the following polypeptide?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

27) ________ is one of a class of organic polymers making up most body tissue that is characterized by the presence of peptide bonds and formed by the polymerization of amino acids.

A) A dipeptide

B) A tripeptide

C) A protein

D) DNA

E) A carbohydrate

28) Which type of protein structure describes the order of amino acids in a protein?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) peptide bond

29) Which type of protein structure describes the way in which the various regions of secondary structure in a protein are arranged into a three-dimensional shape?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) pleated sheet

30) Which type of protein structure results from the association in a protein of two or more polypeptide chains?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) globular

31) Which type of protein structure is illustrated by this image of hexokinase?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) helical

32) Which type of protein structure results from the arrangement of amino acids in space in a local region in the protein chain, often in the form of a pleated sheet or a helix?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) peptide bond

33) Which type of protein structure is illustrated by this image of bacterial protein G?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) helical

34) Which type of protein structure is illustrated by this image of bacterial protein G?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) helical

35) Which of the following will denature proteins?

A) heating

B) strong mixing

C) adding strong acids

D) adding a nonaqueous solvent

E) all of these

36) Identify the two classes of nucleic acids.

A) ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid

B) alpha helix and pleated sheet

C) dipeptide and tripeptide

D) primary and secondary

E) globular and fibrous

37) What are the parts of a nucleic acid?

A) sugar and nitrogen base

B) sugar and phosphate group

C) sugar and phosphorus base

D) sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base

E) phosphate group and nitrogen base

38) What is the fundamental unit of a nucleic acid polymer, consisting of a sugar molecule bonded to both a phosphate group and an organic, nitrogen-containing base?

A) nucleotide

B) nucleic acid

C) tripeptide

D) monomer

E) triglyceride

39) Which of the following structures is the sugar found in DNA?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

40) Which of the following structures is the sugar found in RNA?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

41) Which of the following is not a base found in DNA?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

42) Which of the following is not a base found in RNA?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

43) Identify the following structure.

A) amino acid

B) DNA

C) lipid

D) nucleotide

E) glucose

44) Identify the sugar and nucleic acid in which this structure would be found.

A) ribose, DNA

B) deoxyribose, RNA

C) ribose, RNA

D) deoxyribose, DNA

E) glucose, gluconic acid

45) What is a high-molar-mass nucleic acid that stores genetic information and has a double helix structure?

A) tRNA

B) mRNA

C) DNA

D) dRNA

E) cytoplasm

46) A portion of one strand in a DNA molecule has the following sequence of bases: AATAGCAGGCTTA Identify the sequence of bases in the other strand of the DNA molecule that would hydrogen-bond to these bases.

A) TTATCGTCCGAAT

B) GGCGATGAATCCG

C) CCGCTACTTAGGC

D) AATAGCAGGCTTA

E) TTGTACTAACGGT

47) A portion of one strand in a DNA molecule has the following sequence of bases: TTAGCCAGTGCTA Identify the sequence of bases in the other strand of the DNA molecule that would hydrogen bond to these bases.

A) CCGATTGACATCG

B) GGCTAACTGTAGC

C) AATCGGTCACGAT

D) TTAGCCAGTGCTA

E) GGTACCTAGACGT

48) A portion of one strand in a DNA molecule has the following sequence of bases: ATATCGTCCGAA Identify the sequence of bases in the other strand of the DNA molecule that would hydrogen bond to these bases.

A) TGTGCAGCCATT

B) CGCGATGAATCC

C) ATATCGTCCGAA

D) TATAGCAGGCTT

E) GCGCTACTTAGG

49) A portion of one strand in a DNA molecule has the following sequence of bases: CGGAATTTACG Identify the sequence of bases in the other strand of the DNA molecule that would hydrogen-bond to these bases.

A) CGGAATTTACG

B) GCCTTAAATGC

C) CAATTGGGTCA

D) TAAGGCCCGTA

E) ATTCCGGGCAT

50) A portion of a DNA strand has the following base sequence: TTAACGCGATA What is the corresponding base sequence in mRNA transcribed from this DNA?

A) AAUUGCGCUAU

B) AATTGCGCTAT

C) UUTTGCGCTUT

D) TTAACGCGATA

E) AATTUCUCTAT

51) A portion of a DNA strand has the following base sequence: GACTAACCTT What is the corresponding base sequence in mRNA transcribed from this DNA?

A) CUGAUUGGAA

B) CTGATTGGAA

C) CTGUTTGGAA

D) CTUATTUUAA

E) GACTAACCTT

52) If the base sequence in a portion of a strand of DNA is ACTAAGATC, what is the base sequence in the strand of mRNA transcribed from this DNA?

A) ACTAAGATC

B) TUATTCTAU

C) UGAUUCUAG

D) TGUTTCTUG

E) TGATTCTAG

53) If the base sequence in a portion of a strand of DNA is TTGGAGTACC, what is the base sequence in the strand of mRNA transcribed from this DNA?

A) TTGGAGTACC

B) AACCTCATGG

C) UUCCTCUTGG

D) AACCTCATUU

E) AACCUCAUGG

54) What is the series of three bases in a nucleic acid that defines the amino acid to be used in the synthesis of a protein?

A) nucleotide

B) codon

C) tripeptide

D) translation

E) amino acid

55) Which of the following corresponds to the process of copying DNA to make new DNA molecules?

A) replication

B) codonation

C) hydrolysis

D) translation

E) transcription

56) Which of the following corresponds to the process of synthesizing various types of RNA?

A) replication

B) codonation

C) hydrolysis

D) translation

E) transcription

57) Which of the following corresponds to the process of using RNA molecules to synthesize protein molecules from amino acids?

A) replication

B) codonation

C) hydrolysis

D) translation

E) transcription

58) Which of the following takes the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

A) DNA

B) gly

C) mRNA

D) tRNA

E) mDNA

59) Which of the following is present in DNA but not found in RNA?

A) adenine

B) thymine

C) uracil

D) cytosine

E) guanine

60) Which of the following is present in RNA but not found in DNA?

A) adenine

B) thymine

C) uracil

D) cytosine

E) guanine

61) If the codon in mRNA is UUU, what anticodon in tRNA allows it to hydrogen bond to the mRNA?

A) TTT

B) CCC

C) AAA

D) UUU

E) GGG

62) If the anticodon in tRNA is CAG, what codon is needed in mRNA to allow them to hydrogen bond?

A) GUC

B) CAG

C) GTC

D) TUC

E) TCA

63) The beginning of a strand of mRNA has the following base sequence: AUG_UUA_UAU_UGC_UUA_ACU_GUU_UAU. The polypeptide formed by the first seven steps of protein synthesis has the sequence Met-Leu-Tyr-Cys-Leu-Thr-Val. What is the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain?

A) Cys

B) Leu

C) Met

D) Thr

E) Tyr

64) The beginning of a strand of mRNA has the following base sequence: AUGUUUUUGCCUCAUCGUUUGCAU. The polypeptide formed by the first six steps of protein synthesis has the sequence Met-Phe-Leu-Pro-His-Arg. What is the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain?

A) Arg

B) His

C) Leu

D) Met

E) Phe

65) The beginning of a strand of mRNA has the following base sequence: AUGCUUCCCCAACGAUUUCGACUU. The polypeptide formed by the first six steps of protein synthesis has the composition Met-Leu-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe. What is the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain?

A) Arg

B) Gln

C) Leu

D) Met

E) Phe

66) The beginning of a strand of mRNA has the following base sequence: AUGUUCUCUGAUGGCAAUUCU. The polypeptide formed by the first six steps of protein synthesis has the composition Met-Phe-Ser-Asp-Gly-Asn. What is the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain?

A) Asn

B) Asp

C) Met

D) Phe

E) Ser

67) What is the class of biomolecules that serves as a source of energy, is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and has the general formula Cn(H2O)m?

A) nucleic acids

B) sugars

C) celluloses

D) carbohydrates

E) proteins

68) Identify the type of carbohydrate shown in this model.

A) monosaccharide

B) disaccharide

C) polysaccharide

D) pentose

E) cellulose

69) Identify the type of carbohydrate shown in this model.

A) monosaccharide

B) disaccharide

C) polysaccharide

D) pentose

E) cellulose

70) Examine the following model of a carbohydrate and classify the molecule.

A) monosaccharide

B) disaccharide

C) polysaccharide

D) glycogen

E) cellulose

71) Examine the following model of a portion of a carbohydrate and classify the molecule.

A) monosaccharide

B) disaccharide

C) polysaccharide

D) pentose

E) sucrose

72) The bonds that hold sugars together in polysaccharides are

A) ether linkages.

B) peptide bonds.

C) disulfide linkages.

D) carbon-carbon covalent bond.

E) ionic bonds.

73) Glucose is a hexose sugar with the formula C6H12O6. Which of the following is α-glucose?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

74) Glucose is a hexose sugar with the formula C6H12O6. Which of the following is β-glucose?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

75) What types of glucose polymers are present in starch?

A) glycogen and cellulose

B) cellulose and fatty acids

C) amylose and amylopectin

D) adenine and guanine

E) polypeptides and nucleic acids

76) Which of the following provides the most branching sites for glucose removal when energy is needed by the body?

A) amylose

B) amylopectin

C) glycogen

D) triglyceride

E) deoxyribonucleic acid

77) A general class of biological molecules that can be extracted from cells by nonpolar solvents is called

A) carbohydrates.

B) proteins.

C) cytoplasm.

D) lipids.

E) amino acids.

78) Which of the following best describes this molecule?

A) saturated fatty acid

B) cis unsaturated fatty acid

C) trans unsaturated fatty acid

D) nucleic acid

E) protein

79) Which of the following best describes this molecule?

A) saturated fatty acid

B) cis unsaturated fatty acid

C) trans unsaturated fatty acid

D) nucleic acid

E) protein

80) A triglyceride contains the following fatty acid. Is this triglyceride a solid fat or a liquid oil? Is it saturated or unsaturated? Does it contain cis or trans arrangements at the double bonds?

A) liquid oil, saturated, trans

B) liquid oil, saturated, cis

C) liquid oil, unsaturated, cis and trans

D) solid fat, saturated, cis

E) solid fat, unsaturated, trans

81) A triglyceride contains the following fatty acid. Is this triglyceride a fat or an oil? Is it a liquid or a solid? Is it saturated or unsaturated?

A) solid fat, unsaturated

B) solid fat, saturated

C) liquid fat, unsaturated

D) liquid oil, unsaturated

E) liquid oil, saturated

82) A triglyceride is formed from the following fatty acid. Is this triglyceride a fat or an oil? Is it a solid or a liquid? Is it saturated or unsaturated?

A) solid fat, unsaturated

B) solid fat, saturated

C) liquid fat, unsaturated

D) liquid oil, unsaturated

E) liquid oil, saturated

83) A triglyceride is formed from the following fatty acid. Is this triglyceride a solid fat or a liquid oil? Is it saturated or unsaturated? Does it have a cis or a trans arrangement?

A) liquid oil, saturated, trans

B) liquid oil, saturated, cis

C) liquid oil, unsaturated, cis

D) solid fat, saturated, cis

E) solid fat, unsaturated, trans

84) Classify the following molecule:

A) glycolipid

B) phospholipid

C) triglyceride

D) lecithin

E) wax

85) Classify the following molecule:

A) glycolipid

B) phospholipid

C) triglyceride

D) lecithin

E) wax

86) The form of RNA that brings the appropriate amino acid to the site of protein synthesis is mRNA.

87) The fundamental unit of a nucleic acid polymer, consisting of a sugar molecule bonded to both a phosphate group and an organic, nitrogen-containing base is called a nuclide.

88) The amino acid sequence in a protein is that protein's primary structure.

89) RNA is a high-molar-mass nucleic acid that stores genetic information and has a double helix structure.

90) Replication is the process of copying DNA to make new DNA molecules in the cell nucleus during cell division.

91) A nucleotide is an organic molecule containing an amine group and a carboxylic acid group.

92) A protein is in the class of organic polymers that makes up most body tissue and is characterized by the presence of peptide bonds and is formed by the polymerization of amino acids.

93) This nucleotide comes from DNA.

94) This nucleotide comes from DNA.

95) The cyclic structure arises from the left one of the two linear structures of monosaccharides.

96) The cyclic structure arises from the left one of the two linear structures of monosaccharides.

97) All carbohydrates can be digested by humans.

98) Identify the form of RNA that brings the appropriate amino acid to the site of protein synthesis.

99) Which type of protein structure is identified as the arrangement of amino acids in space in a local region in the protein chain, often in the form of a pleated sheet or a helix?

100) What is the fundamental unit of a nucleic acid polymer, consisting of a sugar molecule bonded to both a phosphate group and an organic, nitrogen-containing base?

101) What is a low-molar-mass nucleic acid involved in the use of genetic information to regulate the synthesis of proteins?

102) Which general class of biological molecules can be extracted from cells by nonpolar solvents?

103) Which type of protein structure is characterized by the amino acid sequence in a protein?

104) What is a high-molar-mass nucleic acid that stores genetic information and has a double helix structure?

105) What is the location on an enzyme where the catalysis takes place?

106) What is the class of biomolecules that serves as a source of energy, is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and has the general formula Cn(H2O)m?

107) What is the process of copying DNA to make new DNA molecules in the cell nucleus during cell division?

108) Which type of protein structure is defined as the way in which the various regions of secondary structure in a protein are arranged into a three-dimensional shape?

109) What is an organic molecule containing an amine group and a carboxylic acid group?

110) Which form of RNA takes the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosomes?

111) Which class of organic polymers makes up most body tissue and is characterized by the presence of peptide bonds and is formed by the polymerization of amino acids?

112) What is the name for a series of three bases in a nucleic acid that defines the amino acid to be used in the synthesis of a protein?

113) What are the basic units of which a protein is composed?

114) The identity of what feature on alpha amino acids distinguishes one amino acid from another?

115) What connects amino acids to each other in a protein or a polypeptide?

116) Which type of protein structure describes the order of amino acids in the protein?