Audition and Somatosensation Verified Test Bank Chapter 5

Multiple Choice

1. The base of the basilar membrane is located _____ to the oval window and responds more strongly to _____- frequency sounds.
   1. Close to; low
   2. Far from; high
   3. Close to; high
   4. Far from; low
2. The transduction of mechanical energy into the neural code that represents sound occurs at:

A the inner hair cells

B the outer hair cells

C the cochlear nucleus

D the tympanic membrane

1. The cortical representation of the lips is larger than that of the knee.
   1. True
   2. False
2. Primary somatosensory cortex lies anterior to the central sulcus.
   1. True
   2. False

Short Answer / Fill-in-the-blank

1. What signal processing operation is carried out by the basilar membrane of the cochlea?
2. The organization of the auditory nerve is often referred to as a “________ code”.

1. What sense allows us to detect where different parts of the body are relative to one another?
2. What does a spectrogram display?
3. Which brain region is primarily responsible for early auditory evoked potentials (AEPs)?
4. What are the three classes of receptor types that underlie somatosensation?
5. What is the primary organizational principal of the somatosensory cortex?
6. What are the two most common types of hearing loss? Which can be helped with a hearing aid?
   1. Mechanical can be helped with a hearing aid
   2. Spatial code for frequency in auditory system, from basilar membrane up to auditory cortex

Essay / Longer Answer

1. Describe the sequence of events and critical anatomical substrates that transduce acoustic energy into a neural code.

a. See Mechanical transmission and neural transduction

1. What is a place code and how is it used by the basilar membrane?
   1. See Spectral decomposition performed by the basilar membrane
2. What causes inner hair cells to depolarize?
   1. See Mechanical transmission and neural transduction
3. What is a Fourier transform? How is this approximated by the basilar membrane?
   1. See Methodology Box 4.1 ; Spectral decomposition performed by the basilar membrane
4. What is the difference in the types of information processed by the primary auditory (A1), belt and parabelt regions of auditory cortex?

a. See The organization of auditory cortex

1. What is plasticity? Give an example from somatosensation of plasticity in action.
   1. Definition: ability of nervous system to change its function (see Somatosensory plasticity)
   2. Example: Merzenich studies of monkey touch receptors in hand (see Use-dependent plasticity)
2. What is optogenetics?

a. See Methodology Box 4.2

1. What is meant by the proposed “gating” function of neuronal oscillations?

a. See Research Spotlight 4.1

1. What is the sensory homunculus? What does it tell us about how different tissue is innervated?

a. See Somatotopy

1. Why might some people experience phantom pain after the amputation of a limb?
   1. See Phantom limbs and phantom pain