Accounting for insurance contracts Chapter 20 Full Test Bank

Chapter 20 Testbank

1. Australian companies who voluntarily adopt the Australian Minerals Code for Environmental Management are required to report their performance against specifically nominated environmental performance indicators, such as greenhouse gas emissions.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-13 Appreciate that entities in the extractive industries will often also make non-financial disclosures in relation to such matters as their environmental performance.
Topic: Other developments in extractive industry reporting

2. Positive accounting theory predicts that large sized entities will choose not to capitalise their exploration and evaluation expenditures to reduce likelihood of violating debt covenants.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-12 Be aware of some prior research explaining why entities elected to adopt particular methods to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures.
Section: Research on accounting regulation of pre-production expenditures
Topic: Research on accounting regulation of pre-production expenditures

3. Positive accounting theory predicts that large sized entities will choose not to capitalise their exploration and evaluation expenditures to reduce political costs.

4. AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources requires exploration and evaluation assets be measured at fair value at recognition.

5. AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources allows an entity to apply either the cost model or the revaluation model to the exploration and evaluation assets.

6. Exploration and evaluation assets are depreciated when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of an exploration and evaluation asset may exceed its recoverable amount.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-07 Be able to provide the journal entries necessary to amortise expenditure carried forward by an entity in the extractive industries.
Section: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward
Topic: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward

7. Firms engaged in the extractive industries are solely engaged in the search for natural substances of commercial value.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-01 Understand what constitutes the 'extractive industries'.
Section: Extractive industries defined
Topic: Extractive industries defined

8. Costs in the exploration phase are incurred to discover economically recoverable reserves, while costs in the evaluation phase are incurred to prepare the areas of interest for effective exploitation of the reserves.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-01 Understand what constitutes the 'extractive industries'.
Learning Objective: 20-02 Explain the various phases of operations of entities involved in the extractive industries.
Section: Extractive industries defined
Topic: Extractive industries defined

9. AASB 6 provides guidance to cover costs incurred in the five phases listed in AASB 1022 namely: exploration, evaluation, development, construction and production.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-01 Understand what constitutes the 'extractive industries'.
Learning Objective: 20-02 Explain the various phases of operations of entities involved in the extractive industries.
Section: Extractive industries defined
Topic: Extractive industries defined

10. The costs incurred in the development and construction phases require more judgement in determining whether or not they constitute an asset for the entity than other stages in the operation.

11. There are potentially five alternative methods to account for pre-production costs for extractive industries.

12. The costs-written-off-and-reinstated method permits the reversal of exploration and evaluation expenses recorded in an earlier period in order to record an asset, and it is consistent with the AASB framework.

13. The full-cost method is permitted in the US despite the fact that it may involve the matching of past costs with future revenue and current period costs against revenue from previously discovered reserves in an entirely different area.

14. AASB 6 effectively permits entities to choose between the full-cost method and the area-of-interest method.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-03 Understand that the extractive industries pose some unique accounting issues, particularly how to account for the costs incurred in the pre-production phases of operations.
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs
Topic: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs

15. By allowing a choice about the treatment of pre-production costs relating to an area of interest, AASB 6 reduces the level of comparability that could otherwise have been achieved through the standard.

16. AASB 6 deals with the financial recording and performance of an entity and must be applied by all companies.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-01 Understand what constitutes the 'extractive industries'.
Learning Objective: 20-11 Be aware of the disclosure requirements of AASB 6.
Section: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6
Topic: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6

17. AASB 6 only allows a choice between capitalisation or expensing of exploration and evaluation costs when the rights to tenure of the area of interest are current and these expenditures are expected to be recouped through successful development or sale.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs
Topic: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs

18. AASB 6 requires deferred evaluation and exploration costs to be assessed for impairment when there is reason to suspect that the carrying amount may exceed its recoverable amount.

19. AASB 6 stipulates that exploration and evaluation assets shall be measured at cost at recognition.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Basis for measurement of exploration and evaluation expenditures
Topic: Basis for measurement of exploration and evaluation expenditures

20. Costs carried forward for an abandoned area of interest should be expensed in the period the decision to abandon was made.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-06 Understand that if a decision is made to abandon an area of interest, all costs associated with that area must be immediately written off.
Section: Abandoning an area of interest
Topic: Abandoning an area of interest

21. Key issues in accounting for entities in the extractive industries include:

A. determining the size of the deposits of natural substances in the area of interest.
B. determining whether an asset has been acquired through the expenditures associated with exploration, evaluation and development.
C. allocating revenues to the periods in which they are earned.
D. determining the cost of capital in such a high-risk industry.

22. AASB 1022, a predecessor to AASB 6, divides extractive industry operations into five phases. These are:

A. exploitation, feasibility, establishment, commissioning and manufacturing.
B. identification, valuation, development, construction and production.
C. exploration, assessment, research, development and production.
D. exploration, evaluation, development, construction and production.

23. The development phase is described in AASB 1022 as including:

A. the establishment of the existence of a technically feasible and commercially viable deposit that is capable of extraction.
B. the establishment and commissioning of facilities and infrastructure to enable the development of the area of interest.
C. the establishment of access to the deposit or field and other activities involved in establishing access for commercial production.
D. the establishment of infrastructure to permit the day-to-day activities necessary to bring the natural substance to a state in which it becomes a saleable product.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-02 Explain the various phases of operations of entities involved in the extractive industries.
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6
Topic: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6

24. AASB 6 defines economically recoverable reserves to be:

A. the only source of revenue for firms in the extractive industries.
B. the quantity of product that can be extracted before the firm makes a loss.
C. the quantity of product that can be extracted, processed and sold at a profit based on past economic conditions.
D. the estimated quantity of the product in the area of interest that can be expected to be profitably extracted and sold under current and foreseeable economic conditions.

25. If expenditures in any of the five phases of the extractive industry are not considered likely to lead to an economically viable project:

A. a post-balance-date adjustment to the amounts recorded as assets in the earlier period should be made to recognise that they were not assets at that time.
B. the costs should be written off against a reserve created by revaluing the non-current assets held in relation to projects based on a similar natural substance.
C. the costs should be deferred and amortised against the total revenue earned from all projects based on a similar natural substance.
D. the costs should be written off as a loss.

26. The possible methods for accounting for pre-production costs in the extractive industries include:

A. costs-written-off-and-reinstated method and ABC-cost method.
B. successful-effort method and area-of-interest method.
C. reserve-accounting method and successful-effort method.
D. percentage-of-completion method and costs-written-off-and-reinstated method.

27. The costs-written-off method is to:

A. write off all exploration and evaluation costs and not reinstate them if economically recoverable reserves are subsequently discovered.
B. write off all evaluation and development costs unless it is considered likely that economically recoverable reserves will be identified within the next financial period.
C. write off all exploration and evaluation costs but reinstate them if economically recoverable reserves are subsequently discovered.
D. write off all deferred exploration and development costs as soon as it is determined that the reserves in the area of interest are not economically recoverable.

28. The differences between the treatment that would be most consistent with the AASB framework and the method required by AASB 6 for the treatment of pre-production costs include:

A. The AASB framework requires future benefits to be probable so virtually all exploration and evaluation costs would be written off. Under AASB 6, these costs may be reinstated if economically viable reserves are discovered.
B. AASB 6 requires future benefits to be probable so virtually all exploration and evaluation costs are to be written off. Under the AASB framework these costs may be reinstated if economically viable reserves are discovered.
C. The AASB framework requires future benefits to be probable so virtually all exploration and evaluation costs would initially be written off and only reinstated when economically viable reserves had been discovered. AASB 6 allows the capitalisation of these costs provided active and significant operations in the area are continuing.
D. AASB 6 requires future benefits to be likely and permits the capitalisation of exploration and evaluation costs to the extent that this requirement is met and there are continuing operations in the area of interest. The AASB framework would require the future benefit to be probable and so the two sources of regulations would result in very similar outcomes in terms of asset and expense recognition.

29. The successful-effort method of accounting for pre-production costs does not:

A. permit the carrying forward of any exploration and evaluation costs.
B. match the total costs of exploration and evaluation against the revenue arising from the few successful projects.
C. prohibit the creation of reserves to smooth income by delaying the recognition of expenses and matching them against unrelated revenues.
D. involve the immediate write-off of any exploration and evaluation costs.

30. The full-cost method involves:

A. the writing off of the full cost of exploration and evaluation in each period.
B. the capitalisation of the full cost of exploration and evaluation in order to amortise it against total production revenue.
C. including overhead costs in the amount of exploration and evaluation costs written off or capitalised in each period.
D. tracing the full cost of pre-production costs to the product by using a process costing system to track and report the costs as they are incurred.

31. An area of interest is defined in AASB 6 as:

A. a specific type of exploration activity as defined by either the production process, type of mineral or gas extracted, or expected future pattern of cash inflows.
B. a cost centre as defined for the purposes of tracking expenses and revenues and which is also used as a basis for completing taxation returns.
C. a specific geological area as defined by the initial geological surveys or as grouped according to the nature of the natural substance to be extracted.
D. an individual geological area which is considered to constitute a favourable environment where there may be a mineral deposit or natural gas field, or which has been proved to contain such a deposit or field.

32. When deciding, under the area of interest method, to what extent costs should be written off or carried forward AASB 6 requires that:

A. all activities should be considered to best reflect the position of the firm.
B. each area of interest as delimited by the firm to be considered separately.
C. exploration and evaluation costs must be carried forward.
D. each area of interest as delimited by the firm to be considered separately and exploration and evaluation costs must be carried forward.

33. Where an area of interest contracts in size and subsequently becomes two distinct operations:

A. all costs to date must be apportioned equally between the two new operations.
B. all future costs must be accounted for separately.
C. only the costs up to and including production should be apportioned between the two sites.
D. pre-production cost should be accumulated and then apportioned between the two operations based on the size of the new areas of interest.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Accumulation of costs pertaining to exploration and evaluation activities
Topic: Accumulation of costs pertaining to exploration and evaluation activities

34. How are the proceeds of the sale of product from the pre-production stage to be treated under AASB 6?

A. Material revenues earned from the sale of product at the pre-production stage should be transferred to a reserve and recognised when the production revenues come on line. Immaterial revenues from sales at the pre-production stage are to be netted against costs incurred in the period for the area of interest.
B. Revenue earned from pre-production sales is to be treated as a reserve and recognised once production revenues come on stream so that the accumulated costs for an area can be amortised against the total revenues earned from the area.
C. Immaterial proceeds should be offset against the relevant pre-production costs, while material proceeds should be treated as production revenue and the costs of producing the product sold deducted from the revenue as cost of sales.
D. Any revenue earned at any stage of production should be recognised as revenue in the period earned. When the revenue is earned at the pre-production stage and costs are being capitalised, those costs may continue to be capitalised until revenues from production are generated. The accumulated costs are then to be amortised against the post-production revenues.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-03 Understand that the extractive industries pose some unique accounting issues, particularly how to account for the costs incurred in the pre-production phases of operations.
Learning Objective: 20-07 Be able to provide the journal entries necessary to amortise expenditure carried forward by an entity in the extractive industries.
Section: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward
Topic: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward

35. Costs that have been carried forward for a specific area of interest are to be amortised against revenue earned during the production phase. How is the amortisation of the costs to be calculated?

A. Any generally accepted amortisation method may be used except for the inverted sum-of-years-digits method.
B. The costs should be amortised in proportion to the expected revenue stream, so that a higher proportion of costs are matched against higher revenue streams, especially where they occur as a result of greater quality product in the early years of production.
C. The costs should be amortised straight-line over a period of not greater than 20 years.
D. The costs should be allocated over the life of the economically recoverable reserve in terms of production output or in terms of time in circumstances such as where there is a fixed period of tenure or the limiting factor is the length of the mining right.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-02 Explain the various phases of operations of entities involved in the extractive industries.
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Learning Objective: 20-07 Be able to provide the journal entries necessary to amortise expenditure carried forward by an entity in the extractive industries.
Section: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward
Topic: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward

36. Consistent with AASB 116 the costs of facilities that are depreciable assets associated with an area of interest should be:

A. depreciated over the life of the area of interest for which they were acquired unless they can be transported to another site or can otherwise be of further use not necessarily connected with any particular area of interest, in which case they should be depreciated over their own specific useful lives.
B. depreciated over the expected life of the associated mining rights.
C. depreciated using a method that matches the recovery of future benefits and the pattern of revenue streams generated by the area of interest.
D. depreciated straight-line over the expected useful life of the particular asset except where the expected life of the area of interest is less than that of the non-current asset. In that case the asset should be depreciated for a period matching the expected life of the area of interest.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Learning Objective: 20-07 Be able to provide the journal entries necessary to amortise expenditure carried forward by an entity in the extractive industries.
Section: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward
Topic: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward

37. Greasy Ltd has a mining operation in Western Australia. It has reached the production stage with $10 million in costs carried forward. The company is leasing the mining rights to the area and at the beginning of this period the remaining term on the lease is 99 years. The expected production in tonnes from the area is 8 million. In the current period 500 000 tonnes were extracted. Revenues are expected to be highest in the early years of the mine's life and to decline at a rate of 15% per annum. How much of the accumulated costs should be allocated to production this period (round to the nearest dollar)?

A. $101 010
B. $625 000
C. $75 000
D. $150 000

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-07 Be able to provide the journal entries necessary to amortise expenditure carried forward by an entity in the extractive industries.
Section: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward
Topic: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward

38. Extractor Ltd has carried forward costs of $16 million relating to a gold mine in Western Australia. It owns the site and has completed the first year of production. The revenues from the year's sales are 12% of the total expected revenues based on expected future sales and prices. Five thousand tonnes of gold-bearing deposits were mined during the period out of a total estimate of 70 000 tonnes of reserves. It is expected that it will take 20 years to fully deplete the existing reserves. How much of the carried-forward costs should be allocated to production this period (round to the nearest dollar)?

A. $1 142 857
B. $800 000
C. $1 920 000
D. $685 714

39. Factors to be considered in reassessing the estimate of recoverable reserves each year include:

A. the past production rate compared to total estimated reserves.
B. the possibility that technological developments or discoveries may make the product obsolete or uneconomical at some future time.
C. changes in technology, market or economic conditions affecting either sales prices or production costs, with a consequent impact on cut-off grades.
D. the possibility that technological developments or discoveries may make the product obsolete or uneconomical at some future time and changes in technology, market or economic conditions affecting either sales prices or production costs, with a consequent impact on cut-off grades.

40. Guidance regarding an entity's responsibility for restoration costs is embodied in:

A. AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
B. AASB 110 Events After the Balance Sheet Date.
C. AASB 137 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.
D. AASB 6, AASB 110 and AASB 137.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-08 Understand how and when to account for any restoration costs that might be incurred as a result of an entity's operations.
Section: Restoration costs
Topic: Restoration costs

41. Sales revenue may be brought to account when the product is in the form in which it is to be sold even though the property to the product has not passed to the purchaser under certain conditions. These conditions include:

A. a firm order has been placed by a regular customer with a consistent track record of paying on time.
B. the market for the product is liquid enough that the product may be considered to be effectively equivalent to cash when it is ready for sale.
C. the product has moved from the physical control of the vendor under an enforceable contract.
D. the product is in the nature of precious gems or gold.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-09 Understand issues associated with the recognition of revenue in the extractive industries.
Section: Sales revenue
Topic: Sales revenue

42. At what point of the production phase of an extractive operation should inventories be recognised?

A. Inventories may be brought to account at the earliest stage at which their value and quantity may be reliably measured or estimated.
B. Inventories should be brought to account at the earliest stage at which materials representing, or expected to be converted by further processing to, saleable product can be measured with reliability and the quantities of such materials can be determined by physical measurement or reliable estimate.
C. Inventories should be brought to account at the point that their recovery from the ground is considered to be virtually certain and the extent of the reserves can be measured reliably.
D. Inventories should be brought to account only at the latest stage at which materials representing saleable product can be measured with reliability in terms of their recoverable value and cost.

43. AASB 6 requires disclosure of information that identifies and explains the amounts recognised in the financial report arising from the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources. To comply with this prescription, required disclosures include:

A. the accounting policies for exploration and evaluation expenditures including the recognition of exploration and evaluation assets.
B. the basis for determining the amount of restoration expense for the period.
C. the amount of assets, liabilities, income and expense, and operating and investing cash flows arising from the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources.
D. the accounting policies for exploration and evaluation expenditures including the recognition of exploration and evaluation assets; and the amount of assets, liabilities, income and expense, and operating and investing cash flows arising from the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-11 Be aware of the disclosure requirements of AASB 6.
Section: Disclosure requirements
Topic: Disclosure requirements

44. AASB 6 requires the separate disclosure of:

A. amounts recognised in its financial report arising from the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources.
B. its accounting policies for exploration and evaluation expenditures including the recognition of exploration and evaluation assets.
C. amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expense, and operating and investing cash flows arising from the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources.
D. all of the given answers.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-11 Be aware of the disclosure requirements of AASB 6.
Section: Disclosure requirements
Topic: Disclosure requirements

45. Disclosures related to restoration costs:

A. are not covered by AASB 6 and are therefore not required.
B. should only be reported in the notes to the accounts once they have been completed.
C. are required by AASB 137.
D. must include the reason why restoration is being undertaken-legal, voluntary, etc.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-11 Be aware of the disclosure requirements of AASB 6.
Section: Disclosure requirements
Topic: Disclosure requirements

46. On 1 July 2012 Brumbles Ltd commenced an operation to extract iron ore from two sites believed to have potential in northern Australia. During the financial period ended 30 June 2013 the following costs were incurred:

The eastern site is found not to be economically viable and is abandoned in the second half of 2013. Development costs of $10 million are incurred at the western site. The reserves at this site are estimated to be 90 000 tonnes. The market price is currently $700 per tonne. In the financial year ended 30 June 2014, 10 000 tonnes are extracted with associated production costs of $1 million and 8000 tonnes are sold at the market price. There are no effective limits on the time over which Brumbles Ltd may extract the ore. What are the journal entries to record the relevant transactions and events for 2013 and 2014 using the method required by AASB 1022 (round to the nearest $10 000)?

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 20-11 Be aware of the disclosure requirements of AASB 6.
Section: Disclosure requirements
Topic: Disclosure requirements

47. On 1 July 2012 Honies Ltd commenced an operation to extract iron ore from two sites believed to have potential in northern Australia. During the financial period ended 30 June 2013 the following costs were incurred.

The eastern site is found not to be economically viable and is abandoned in the second half of 2013. Development costs of $10 million are incurred at the western site. The reserves at this site are estimated to be 90 000 tonnes. The market price is currently $900 per tonne. In the financial year ended 30 June 2014, 10 000 tonnes are extracted with associated production costs of $1 million and 8000 tonnes are sold at the market price. There are no effective limits on the time over which Honies Ltd may extract the ore. What are the journal entries to record the relevant transactions and events for 2013 and 2014 using the full-cost method (round to the nearest $10 000)?

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 20-11 Be aware of the disclosure requirements of AASB 6.
Section: Disclosure requirements
Topic: Disclosure requirements

48. Mirza and Zimmer (1999) found that only a small number of companies were undertaking upward asset revaluations. The reasons for their reluctance to undertake this practice included:

A. a desire to remain 'small' in keeping with the political-cost hypothesis.
B. any revaluations made are not permitted to be recognised as income by the relevant accounting standard.
C. in an attempt not to overstate assets management preferred not to revalue items that are subject to a great deal of uncertainty.
D. all of the given answers.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-03 Understand that the extractive industries pose some unique accounting issues, particularly how to account for the costs incurred in the pre-production phases of operations.
Learning Objective: 20-12 Be aware of some prior research explaining why entities elected to adopt particular methods to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures.
Section: Does the area-of-interest method provide a realistic value for an entity's reserves?
Topic: Does the area-of-interest method provide a realistic value for an entity's reserves?

49. Research conducted in Australia suggests that only a limited number of companies involved in the extractive industries choose to revalue their reserves to their expected fair value. Reasons suggested by the researchers for the low number of revaluing firms include which of the following?

A. Since firms in the extractive industries are generally considered to be subject to low levels of political scrutiny, they would prefer to record lower asset levels and higher profits.
B. The increase in value would be reflected in 'other comprehensive income'.
C. The companies in the industry generally have high levels of debt so maintaining the carrying value of reserves at cost improves their leverage measures.
D. Maintaining the carrying value of reserves at cost makes the company a less attractive take-over target.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-12 Be aware of some prior research explaining why entities elected to adopt particular methods to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures.
Section: Does the area-of-interest method provide a realistic value for an entity's reserves?
Topic: Does the area-of-interest method provide a realistic value for an entity's reserves?

50. Since the late 1980s, an increasing number of minerals and energy companies are making environmental and social disclosures. The majority of these are voluntary; however, there is a requirement to disclose:

A. a separate environmental report that details the company's environmental management system where it is extracting minerals under licence from an international mineral rights holder.
B. details of compliance with government environmental regulations relevant to the company in line with best practice corporate governance.
C. details of the entity's performance in relation to environmental regulation in the company's Directors' Report if it is subject to any particular and significant environmental regulation under a law of the Commonwealth or of a state or territory.
D. disclosure of corporate environmental and social performance in a separate report where the shares of the company are less than 50% Australian owned.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-13 Appreciate that entities in the extractive industries will often also make non-financial disclosures in relation to such matters as their environmental performance.
Section: Other developments in extractive industry reporting
Topic: Other developments in extractive industry reporting

51. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. AASB 6 requires disclosure of accounting policies for exploration and evaluation expenditures.
B. AASB 137 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets provides guidance on obligations of an entity for restoration costs.
C. Exploration and evaluation assets are required in AASB 6 to be classified as intangible assets.
D. AASB 6 requires disclosure of accounting policies for exploration and evaluation expenditures and AASB 137 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets provides guidance on obligations of an entity for restoration costs.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-03 Understand that the extractive industries pose some unique accounting issues, particularly how to account for the costs incurred in the pre-production phases of operations.
Learning Objective: 20-11 Be aware of the disclosure requirements of AASB 6.
Section: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6
Topic: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6

52. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Entities engage in extractive operations should adopt AASB 116 Property, Plant and Equipment in the amortisation of capitalised costs.
B. Entities engaged in extractive operations should adopt AASB 6 in accounting for inventories.
C. The obligations of entities engaged in extractive operations with respect to restoration costs are outlined in AASB 6.
D. Entities engaged in extractive operations should adopt AASB 116 Property, Plant and Equipment in the amortisation of capitalised costs and AASB 6 in accounting for inventories.

53. On 1 April 2013 Ulladulla Mining Ltd assessed that its Mollymook area of interest contained economically recoverable reserves of 50000 ounces of gold. On the same day the entity installed the following assets:

The above assets were ready for use on 1 July 2013. Ulladulla Mining Ltd expects to extract the entire reserves in 5 years. For the year ending 30 June 2014 the entity had extracted 5000 ounces of gold. What is the total depreciation/amortisation expense for the capitalised development costs for the year ending 30 June 2013?

A. $465 000
B. $483 750
C. $540 000
D. $930 000

54. On 1 April 2013, Ulladulla Mining Ltd assessed that its Mollymook area of interest contained economically recoverable reserves of 50 000 ounces of gold. On the same day the entity installed the following assets:

The above assets were ready for use on 1 July 2013. Ulladulla Mining Ltd expects to extract the entire reserves in 5 years. For the year ending 30 June 2014 the entity had extracted 5000 ounces of gold. What is the journal entry to recognise amortisation and depreciation expense of above capitalised developments costs?

55. Berrill Ltd is a mining firm incorporated on 1 July 2012 to engage in the exploration of iron ore in southern New South Wales. On 30 June 2013 the records show that the entity had incurred the following exploration and evaluation costs for area of interest A and area of interest B.

On 30 June 2013 area of interest B was evaluated by the board of directors to be not economically feasible and abandoned the site.
What is the effect of the above transactions on the statement of financial position and the statement of comprehensive income of Berrill Ltd using the area-of-interest method?

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs
Topic: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs

56. Berrill Ltd is a mining firm incorporated on 1 July 2012 to engage in the exploration of iron ore in southern New South Wales. On 30 June 2013 the records show that the entity had incurred the following exploration and evaluation costs for area of interest A and area of interest B.

57. If an area of interest is abandoned, which of the following actions is consistent with AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources?

A. Writing off the carrying amount of exploration and evaluation assets and recognising an impairment loss.
B. Reclassifying the carrying amount of exploration and evaluation assets to another other area of interest.
C. Reinstating previously written off exploration and evaluation assets.
D. Expensing machinery that can be dismantled and used on another area of interest.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-06 Understand that if a decision is made to abandon an area of interest, all costs associated with that area must be immediately written off.
Section: Abandoning an area of interest
Topic: Abandoning an area of interest

58. Which of the following are within the scope of AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources?

A. Expenditures incurred before the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources, such as expenditures incurred before the entity has obtained the legal rights to explore a specific area.
B. Expenditures incurred after the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource are demonstrable.
C. Expenditures incurred after the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources, such as expenditures incurred for the establishment of access to the deposit or field.
D. Expenditures incurred in the determination of the technical feasibility and commercial viability of a particular prospect, such as determining the volume and grade of the deposit or field.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-03 Understand that the extractive industries pose some unique accounting issues, particularly how to account for the costs incurred in the pre-production phases of operations.
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs
Topic: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs

59. Which of the following statements is not in accordance with AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources?

A. Expenditures incurred in the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources may be expensed as incurred.
B. Expenditures incurred in the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources may be partially or fully capitalised and recognised as an exploration and evaluation asset.
C. Expenditures incurred in the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources may be carried forward (capitalised), provided that rights of tenure of the area of interest have expired.
D. Expenditures incurred in the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources may be carried forward (capitalised), provided that rights of tenure of the area of interest are current.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-03 Understand that the extractive industries pose some unique accounting issues, particularly how to account for the costs incurred in the pre-production phases of operations.
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs
Topic: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs

60. Which of the following statements is not in accordance with AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources?

A. The carried-forward expenditure is required to be subject to regular impairment testing.
B. Exploration and evaluation assets shall be assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of an exploration and evaluation asset may exceed its recoverable amount.
C. When the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount, an entity shall measure, present and disclose any resulting impairment loss.
D. An entity is not permitted to change its accounting policies for exploration and evaluation expenditures even if the change makes the financial report more relevant to the economic decision making needs of users.

61. Which of the following costs is not an element of cost of exploration for and evaluation of mineral assets in AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources?

A. Costs of acquiring leases or other rights of tenure in the area of interest that are included in the cost of the exploration and evaluation asset if they are acquired as part of the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources.
B. Charges for depreciation of equipment used in exploration and evaluation activities.
C. General and administrative costs directly attributed to the operational activities in the area of interest to which the exploration and evaluation asset relates.
D. Salaries and other expenses of general management allocated by head office to the area of interest.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Accumulation of costs pertaining to exploration and evaluation activities
Topic: Accumulation of costs pertaining to exploration and evaluation activities

62. Which of the following expenditures is not an example of expenditures that form part of the initial cost of exploration and evaluation assets?

A. Acquisition of rights to explore.
B. Exploratory drilling.
C. Construction of roads and tunnels to the mine site.
D. Activities in relation to evaluating the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.
Section: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6
Topic: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6

63. Inventories are covered by which of the following standards?

A. AASB 138
B. AASB 6
C. AASB102
D. AASB 116

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 20-10 Understand how to value inventory within the extractive industries.
Section: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6
Topic: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6

64. When moving from the exploration and evaluation phase to subsequent phases of operations, the reclassified costs are labelled:

A. mining expenses.
B. assets under construction.
C. costs of goods sold.
D. amortised costs.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-02 Explain the various phases of operations of entities involved in the extractive industries.
Learning Objective: 20-05 Understand the tests that must be met before expenditure incurred in the pre-production phases can be carried forward to subsequent periods.
Section: Basis for measurement of exploration and evaluation expenditures
Topic: Basis for measurement of exploration and evaluation expenditures

65. Which of the following disclosures is not an example that would form part of the sustainability reports issued by Australian mining companies?

A. Emission levels.
B. Environmental audits.
C. Offshore operating policies.
D. External auditor findings.

66. Which of the following measurements is unlikely to form part of any new accounting standard for the extractive industries?

A. Historical.
B. Fair value.
C. Present value.
D. Market value.

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-14 Be aware of current activities being undertaken to develop a new accounting standard for the extractive industries.
Section: The development of a new accounting standard for extractive activities
Topic: The development of a new accounting standard for extractive activities

67. Which of the following methods are most commonly used internationally by extractive industry entities, to account for exploration and evaluation costs?

I The area-of-interest method

II The successful-efforts method

III The appropriation method

IV The full-cost method

A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. III and IV only
D. II and IV only

68. Mineralroo has an obligation of $1.4 million in removal and restoration costs based on the impact to the environment that occurred during the exploration and evaluation phase of a mining project. Which of the following entries is required to account for these removal and restoration costs?
A.

DR	Exploration and evaluation asset	1.4 million
CR	Exploration and evaluation expense		1.4 million

DR	Exploration and evaluation expense	1.4 million
CR	Provision for removal and restoration		1.4 million

DR	Provision for removal and restoration	1.4 million
CR	Exploration and evaluation asset		1.4 million

DR	Exploration and evaluation asset	1.4 million
CR	Provision for removal and restoration		1.4 million

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 20-08 Understand how and when to account for any restoration costs that might be incurred as a result of an entity's operations.
Section: Restoration costs
Topic: Restoration costs

69. Consider the following circumstances and choose the one(s) that indicate(s) exploration and evaluation assets in the Pilabra might be impaired for Forestroo Ltd..

I The exploration rights for the Pilabra are not current.

II There is no budget or plan for the incurrence of further substantial exploration and evaluation expenditure in the Pilabra.

III Forestroo has decided to discontinue exploration and evaluation activities in the Pilabra on the basis that such activities have not led to the discovery of commercially viable quantities of mineral resources.

IV Forestroo has established that the cost of the exploration and evaluation asset is likely to be recovered in full from the successful development or sale of the specific area.

A. I, II and IV only
B. I, II and III only
C. I, III and IV only
D. II, III and IV only

AACSB: Reflective thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 20-07 Be able to provide the journal entries necessary to amortise expenditure carried forward by an entity in the extractive industries.
Section: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward
Topic: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward

70. In the extractive industries, which of the following methods involves capitalising exploration and evaluation costs using a larger cost centre (a country of origin, for example) than an area of interest?

A. The area-of-interest method.
B. The successful-efforts method.
C. The appropriation method.
D. The full-cost method.

71. From the list below, select the journal entry for a mining company to record impairment of an exploration and evaluation asset (E&E asset), which was originally recorded using the area-of-interest method.

A1A Mining has evidence that a previously recorded exploration and evaluation asset (E&E asset) using the area-of-interest method is now impaired. Which of the following journal entries is correct for recording this impairment for the Hills Area?

DR	Depreciation expense	xx
CR	E&E asset—Hills Area		xx

DR	Impairment expense	xx
CR	Provision for E&E asset impairment— Hills Area		xx

DR	Impairment expense	xx
CR	Impairment liability—Hills Area		xx

DR	Loss on E&E asset	xx
CR	E&E asset—Hills Area		xx

Chapter 20 Testbank Summary

Category	# of Questions
AACSB: Reflective thinking	71
Difficulty: Easy	43
Difficulty: Hard	3
Difficulty: Medium	25
Learning Objective: 20-01 Understand what constitutes the 'extractive industries'.	9
Learning Objective: 20-02 Explain the various phases of operations of entities involved in the extractive industries.	9
Learning Objective: 20-03 Understand that the extractive industries pose some unique accounting issues, particularly how to account for the costs incurred in the pre-production phases of operations.	20
Learning Objective: 20-04 Understand how to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures according to the 'area-of-interest method' as prescribed by AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources.	17
Learning Objective: 20-05 Understand the tests that must be met before expenditure incurred in the pre-production phases can be carried forward to subsequent periods.	1
Learning Objective: 20-06 Understand that if a decision is made to abandon an area of interest, all costs associated with that area must be immediately written off.	2
Learning Objective: 20-07 Be able to provide the journal entries necessary to amortise expenditure carried forward by an entity in the extractive industries.	13
Learning Objective: 20-08 Understand how and when to account for any restoration costs that might be incurred as a result of an entity's operations.	2
Learning Objective: 20-09 Understand issues associated with the recognition of revenue in the extractive industries.	1
Learning Objective: 20-10 Understand how to value inventory within the extractive industries.	2
Learning Objective: 20-11 Be aware of the disclosure requirements of AASB 6.	8
Learning Objective: 20-12 Be aware of some prior research explaining why entities elected to adopt particular methods to account for exploration and evaluation expenditures.	4
Learning Objective: 20-13 Appreciate that entities in the extractive industries will often also make non-financial disclosures in relation to such matters as their environmental performance.	3
Learning Objective: 20-14 Be aware of current activities being undertaken to develop a new accounting standard for the extractive industries.	1
Section: Research on accounting regulation of pre-production expenditures	2
Section: Abandoning an area of interest	2
Section: Accumulation of costs pertaining to exploration and evaluation activities	2
Section: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs	20
Section: Basis for measurement of exploration and evaluation expenditures	2
Section: Disclosure requirements	5
Section: Does the area-of-interest method provide a realistic value for an entity's reserves?	2
Section: Extractive industries defined	8
Section: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward	13
Section: Inventory	1
Section: Other developments in extractive industry reporting	2
Section: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6	6
Section: Restoration costs	2
Section: Sales revenue	1
Section: The development of a new accounting standard for extractive activities	1
Topic: Abandoning an area of interest	2
Topic: Accumulation of costs pertaining to exploration and evaluation activities	2
Topic: Alternative methods to account for pre-production costs	21
Topic: Basis for measurement of exploration and evaluation expenditures	2
Topic: Disclosure requirements	5
Topic: Does the area-of-interest method provide a realistic value for an entity's reserves?	2
Topic: Extractive industries defined	8
Topic: Impairment and amortisation of costs carried forward	13
Topic: Inventory	1
Topic: Other developments in extractive industry reporting	3
Topic: Overview of accounting for exploration and evaluation expenditures under AASB 6	6
Topic: Research on accounting regulation of pre-production expenditures	2
Topic: Restoration costs	2
Topic: Sales revenue	1
Topic: The development of a new accounting standard for extractive activities	1

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Created Date:

Aug 21, 2025

Chapter Name:

Chapter 20 Accounting for insurance contracts

Author:

Deegan

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