Wolfe Exam Questions Vestibular Sensation Chapter 12 Wolfe

Chapter 12: Vestibular Sensation

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 01

1. The _______ system is the collective term for neurons in cranial nerve VIII and the set of organs located in the inner ear that sense head motion and head orientation with respect to gravity.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.0 Introduction

Learning Objective: 12.0.1 Define spatial orientation in terms of the perception of linear motion, angular motion, and tilt.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. orientation

b. balance

c. vestibular

d. auditory

e. gravity sensation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 02

2. Which five organs make up the vestibular system?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.0 Introduction

Learning Objective: 12.0.1 Define spatial orientation in terms of the perception of linear motion, angular motion, and tilt.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. One semicircular canal and four otolith organs

b. Two semicircular canals and three otolith organs

c. Three semicircular canals and two otolith organs

d. Four semicircular canals and one otolith organ

e. Five semicircular canals

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 03

3. This term describes an illusory sense of spinning.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.0 Introduction

Learning Objective: 12.0.2 Define vertigo.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Kinesthesis

b. Graviception

c. Balance

d. Vertigo

e. Yaw

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 04

4. The _______ reflex helps us see visual stimuli clearly, even when the head is moving.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.0 Introduction

Learning Objective: 12.0.3 Describe the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

a. otolithic

b. semicircular

c. saccadic

d. tracking

e. vestibulo-ocular

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 05

5. The reason that videos shot with handheld cameras seem so shaky and hard to follow is because when we see something with our own eyes, our _______ allows us to compensate for our own motion and maintain a steady image on the retina.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.0 Introduction

Learning Objective: 12.0.3 Describe the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. vection

b. vestibular-autonomic integration

c. vestibular-ocular reflex

d. sense of gravity

e. sense of linear acceleration

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 06

6. The _______ reflex is the term for eye movements that compensate for rotations of the head to maintain fixation on an object.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.0 Introduction

Learning Objective: 12.0.3 Describe the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

a. translational motion

b. angular motion

c. balance fixation

d. torsional motion

e. vestibulo-ocular

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 07

7. If a person fixates on an object and then rotates her head to the right, the _______ reflex will cause her eyes to rotate to the left to maintain fixation.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.0 Introduction

Learning Objective: 12.0.3 Describe the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. vestibulo-ocular

b. torsional motion

c. translational motion

d. balance fixation

e. angular motion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 08

8. The sense of _______ is comprised of three interacting sensory modalities: our sense of linear motion, angular motion, and tilt.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.1 Vestibular Contributions

Learning Objective: 12.1.1 Describe how the vestibular system contributes to balance, kinesthesia, and visual clarity.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. spatial awareness

b. spatial orientation

c. balance

d. movement

e. heading

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 09

9. _______ flow inward to the central nervous system from sensors in the periphery, while _______ flow outward from the central nervous system to the periphery.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.1 Vestibular Contributions

Learning Objective: 12.1.1 Describe how the vestibular system contributes to balance, kinesthesia, and visual clarity.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Afferent signals; efferent commands

b. Efferent commands; afferent signals

c. Kinesthetic signals; balance commands

d. Balance commands; kinesthetic signals

e. Amplitude signals; direction commands

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 10

10. The neural processes of posture control by which weight is evenly distributed, enabling us to remain upright and stable, is called

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.1 Vestibular Contributions

Learning Objective: 12.1.1 Describe how the vestibular system contributes to balance, kinesthesia, and visual clarity.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. the active sense.

b. the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

c. kinesthesis.

d. balance.

e. the passive sense.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 11

11. _______ combines information from efferent commands (such as motor commands to turn the head) and afferent signals (such as the sense of angular motion) to improve our vestibular sense.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.1 Vestibular Contributions

Learning Objective: 12.1.2 Describe the notion of active sensing by the vestibular system.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

a. Vection

b. Graviception

c. Vertigo

d. Illusory self-motion

e. Active sensing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 12

12. If you stand on the side of a hill you experience a tilt sensation which can also be described as

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.2 Evolutionary Development and Vestibular Sensation

Learning Objective: 12.2.1 Define graviception.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. orientation.

b. balance.

c. graviception.

d. angular motion.

e. linear motion.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 13

13. Which of the following, according to Gibson (1966), provides a “stable permanent framework of the environment” that provides an “underlying and ceaseless awareness of what is permanent in the world”?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.2 Evolutionary Development and Vestibular Sensation

Learning Objective: 12.2.2 Explain the importance of graviception.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

a. Vection

b. Graviception

c. Vertigo

d. Illusory self-motion

e. Balance

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 14

14. _______ are the toroidal tubes in the vestibular system that sense angular motion.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.1 Describe the contributions of the semicircular canals to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Otolith organs

b. Ossicles

c. Cochlea

d. Semicircular canals

e. Saccules

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 15

15. If you close your eyes and rotate your head from side to side, as if to say “no,” you are experiencing _______, which is registered by your _______.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.1 Describe the contributions of the semicircular canals to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. angular motion; otolith organs

b. angular motion; semicircular canals

c. linear motion; otolith organs

d. linear motion; semicircular canals

e. tilt; otolith organs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 16

16. If you close your eyes and tilt your left ear towards your left shoulder, you are experiencing _______, which is registered by your _______.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.1 Describe the contributions of the semicircular canals to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. angular motion; otolith organs

b. angular motion; semicircular canals

c. linear motion; otolith organs

d. tilt; semicircular canals

e. tilt; otolith organs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 17

17. The sense of _______ registers motion resulting from rotation.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.1 Describe the contributions of the semicircular canals to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. orientation

b. tilt

c. balance

d. angular motion

e. linear motion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 18

18. Suppose you are wearing virtual reality goggles and there is a delay between when you turn your head and when the computer updates the display in the goggles. This creates a(n) _______ that might result in motion sickness.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.1 Describe the contributions of the semicircular canals to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. angular acceleration

b. sensory integration

c. sensory conflict

d. linear acceleration

e. tilt sensation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 19

19. When you accelerate in a car and are pushed back into your seat, you are experiencing _______, which is registered by your _______.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.2 Describe the contributions of the otolith organs to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. angular motion; otolith organs

b. angular motion; semicircular canals

c. tilt; otolith organs

d. linear motion; semicircular canals

e. linear motion; otolith organs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 20

20. The sense of _______ registers head inclination with respect to gravity.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.2 Describe the contributions of the otolith organs to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. orientation

b. tilt

c. balance

d. angular motion

e. linear motion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 21

21. The sense of _______ registers motion resulting from translation.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.2 Describe the contributions of the otolith organs to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. orientation

b. tilt

c. balance

d. angular motion

e. linear motion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 22

22. _______ are the mechanical structures in the vestibular system that sense both linear acceleration and gravity.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.2 Describe the contributions of the otolith organs to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Otolith organs

b. Ossicles

c. Semicircular canals

d. Cochlea

e. Saccules

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 23

23. Which motion stimulus would yield the largest response from the vestibular system?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.2 Describe the contributions of the otolith organs to vestibular sensation.

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluating

a. Constant rotation

b. Constant translation

c. Constant tilt

d. Linear acceleration

e. Angular motion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 24

24. The term for rotation around the x-axis is _______, rotation around the y-axis is _______, and rotation around the z-axis is _______.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.3 Describe the various axes of motion: roll, pitch, and yaw.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. pitch; roll; yaw

b. pitch; yaw; roll

c. roll; yaw; pitch

d. roll; pitch; yaw

e. yaw; pitch; roll

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 25

25. When you take an elevator from the first floor to the fifth floor of a building, the motion you experience is called _______ translation.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.3 Describe the various axes of motion: roll, pitch, and yaw.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. positive x-axis

b. positive y-axis

c. positive z-axis

d. negative x-axis

e. negative z-axis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 26

26. When you drive forward in a car, the motion you experience is called _______ translation.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.3 Modalities and Qualities of Spatial Orientation

Learning Objective: 12.3.3 Describe the various axes of motion: roll, pitch, and yaw.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. positive x-axis

b. positive y-axis

c. positive z-axis

d. negative x-axis

e. negative z-axis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 27

27. _______ have stereocilia that transduce mechanical movement in the vestibular labyrinth into neural activity sent to the brain stem.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.1 Explain how hair cells operate as mechanical transducers in the vestibular system.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Semicircular canals

b. Otolith organs

c. Saccules

d. Utricles

e. Hair cells

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 28

28. A(n) _______ is the change in voltage of sensory receptor cells in response to stimulation.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.2 Describe the physiological structures of the semicircular canals and their functions.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. voltage gradient

b. receptor potential

c. otolith response

d. utricle response

e. saccule response

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 29

29. _______ are specialized detectors of angular motion located in each semicircular canal in a swelling called the ampulla.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.2 Describe the physiological structures of the semicircular canals and their functions.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Cupulas

b. Cilia

c. Kinocilia

d. Ampullae

e. Cristae

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 30

30. If, for some unfortunate reason, your cristae are destroyed, which sense would you then lack?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.2 Describe the physiological structures of the semicircular canals and their functions.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. Angular motion

b. Linear motion

c. Linear acceleration

d. Tilt

e. Gravity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 31

31. Semicircular-canal neurons respond to _______ and _______, but not _______.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.3 Explain how amplitude and direction are coded in the semicircular canals.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

a. acceleration; deceleration; constant velocity

b. acceleration; constant velocity; deceleration

c. deceleration; constant velocity; acceleration

d. roll; pitch; yaw

e. pitch; yaw; roll

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 32

32. _______ are specialized detectors of linear acceleration and gravity found in each otolith organ.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.4 Describe the physiological structures of the otolith organs and their functions.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Saccules

b. Otoconia

c. Maculae

d. Utricles

e. Cristae

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 33

33. If, for some unfortunate reason, your maculae are destroyed, which senses would you then lack?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.4 Describe the physiological structures of the otolith organs and their functions.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. Linear motion and angular motion

b. Angular rotation and gravity

c. Angular rotation and tilt

d. Linear acceleration and gravity

e. Linear acceleration and angular acceleration

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 34

34. The two otolith organs are the _______ and the _______.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.4 Describe the physiological structures of the otolith organs and their functions.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. maculae; cristae

b. saccule; maculae

c. saccule; cristae

d. utricle; maculae

e. utricle; saccule

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 35

35. The _______ are tiny calcium carbonate stones in the ear that provide inertial mass for the otolith organs, enabling them to sense gravity and linear acceleration.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.4 Describe the physiological structures of the otolith organs and their functions.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. saccules

b. otoconia

c. maculae

d. utricles

e. cristae

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 36

36. Refer to the graph.

The data in this graph show that when subjects are rotated in the dark, they first feel a sense of motion consistent with their actual motion, but soon feel as if they are _______. After 30 seconds, they feel as if they have _______. If the motion abruptly stops, subjects feel as if they are rotating in the _______ direction.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.5 Spatial Orientation Perception

Learning Objective: 12.5.1 Explain how velocity storage affects rotation perception.

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing

a. slowing down; sped up; opposite

b. slowing down; stopped; opposite

c. speeding up; slowed down; opposite

d. speeding up; stopped; same

e. slowing down; sped up; same

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 37

37. _______ is an illusory sense of self motion produced when one is not, in fact, moving.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.5 Spatial Orientation Perception

Learning Objective: 12.5.1 Explain how velocity storage affects rotation perception.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Vection

b. Yaw

c. Roll

d. Pitch

e. Tilt

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 38

38. When participants are passively translated short distances while seated in a chair in the dark and then asked to use a joystick to actively move the chair to reproduce the distance that they just traveled, how do they do at this task?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.5 Spatial Orientation Perception

Learning Objective:12.5.2 Describe how translation perception has been studied.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

a. They drastically underestimate the distance.

b. They slightly underestimate the distance.

c. They estimate the distance quite accurately.

d. They slightly overestimate the distance.

e. They drastically overestimate the distance.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 39

39. When participants stand on a tilted platform and then indicate which direction is “up” using a handheld haptic indicator, how do they do at this task?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.5 Spatial Orientation Perception

Learning Objective: 12.5.3 Describe how tilt perception has been studied.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

a. They drastically underestimate the tilt.

b. They slightly underestimate the tilt.

c. They estimate the tilt quite accurately.

d. They slightly overestimate the tilt.

e. They drastically overestimate the tilt.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 40

40. Which situation might cause an illusory sense of self-motion due to multisensory integration?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.6 Multisensory Integration

Learning Objective: 12.6.1 Give some examples of how the brain combines vestibular sensations with other senses.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. Thinking about riding a rollercoaster

b. Sitting still in a rollercoaster car before it starts moving

c. Riding a rollercoaster

d. Watching a first-person IMAX movie of a rollercoaster ride

e. Watching an IMAX documentary about the history of rollercoasters

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 41

41. Suppose you are sitting still in a chair, wearing virtual reality glasses and experiencing the visual input of a roller coaster. You might feel like you are actually moving due to the sense of

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.6 Multisensory Integration

Learning Objective: 12.6.2 Define vection.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. linear acceleration.

b. vection.

c. tilt.

d. angular acceleration.

e. linear motion.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 42

42. When someone looks at visual display that rolls clockwise, they may start to feel as if they are

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.6 Multisensory Integration

Learning Objective: 12.6.2 Define vection.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. moving forward.

b. moving backward.

c. rotating counter-clockwise.

d. rotating clockwise.

e. falling.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 43

43. _______ is a change in afference caused by self-generated activity.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.7 Beyond Multisensory Integration: Active Sensing

Learning Objective: 12.7.1 Explain why it is important for the vestibular system to distinguish between self-generated and externally-generated movements.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Vection

b. Sensory reafference

c. Sensory exafference

d. Illusory self-motion

e. Active sensing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 44

44. _______ is a change in afference caused by external stimuli.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.7 Beyond Multisensory Integration: Active Sensing

Learning Objective: 12.7.2 Explain the purpose of efference copies of motor commands in the vestibular system.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Vection

b. Sensory reafference

c. Sensory exafference

d. Illusory self-motion

e. Active sensing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 45

45. The _______ innervate(s) glands, the heart, and the digestive system, and is responsible for regulation of many involuntary actions.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.8 Reflexive Vestibular Responses

Learning Objective: 12.8.1 Describe how the vestibular system contributes to autonomic functions.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. cranial nerves

b. autonomic nervous system

c. otolith organs

d. inferior rectus

e. vestibular nerve

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 46

46. When you switch from lying down to standing up, which system or structure(s) is/are responsible for regulating the blood pressure in your head so that you don’t faint?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.8 Reflexive Vestibular Responses

Learning Objective: 12.8.1 Describe how the vestibular system contributes to autonomic functions.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. Cranial nerves

b. Otolith organs

c. Inferior rectus

d. Autonomic nervous system

e. Vestibular nerve

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 47

47. _______ typically result(s) from a disagreement between the motion and orientation signals provided by the semicircular canals, otolith organs, and vision.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.8 Reflexive Vestibular Responses

Learning Objective: 12.8.1 Describe how the vestibular system contributes to autonomic functions.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

a. Exhaustion

b. The tilt aftereffect

c. The vestibulo-ocular reflex

d. Motion sickness

e. Hallucinations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 48

48. If you read your phone while riding in the car, your visual input will not match your vestibular input and you might experience

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.8 Reflexive Vestibular Responses

Learning Objective: 12.8.1 Describe how the vestibular system contributes to autonomic functions.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. the tilt aftereffect.

b. motion sickness.

c. the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

d. hallucinations.

e. exhaustion.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 49

49. People with damage to their vestibular systems experience _______ in their blood pressure after whole body tilt motion, compared to people with normal vestibular systems.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.8 Reflexive Vestibular Responses

Learning Objective: 12.8.1 Describe how the vestibular system contributes to autonomic functions.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. greater changes

b. the same changes

c. smaller changes

d. no change at all

e. gradually diminishing changes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 50

50. Loss of _______ would result in severely degraded balance, possibly causing one to fall.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.8 Reflexive Vestibular Responses

Learning Objective: 12.8.2 Describe how the vestibular system contributes to the sense of balance.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. the autonomic nervous system

b. vestibulo-ocular reflexes

c. vestibulo-spinal responses

d. tilt aftereffects

e. vection

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 51

51. Which brain area processes vestibular information?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.9 Multisensory Spatial Orientation Cortex

Learning Objective: 12.9.1 Describe the multisensory nature of how vestibular information is represented in cortex.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

a. Parietal lobe

b. Frontal lobe

c. Occipital lobe

d. Temporal lobe

e. All the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 52

52. Vestibular information reaches the cortex via the _______ pathways.

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.9 Multisensory Spatial Orientation Cortex

Learning Objective: 12.9.1 Describe the multisensory nature of how vestibular information is represented in cortex.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. thalamocortical

b. temperoparietal

c. occipitalparietal

d. superior frontal

e. inferior frontal

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 53

53. Which of the following describes a way that higher cognitive knowledge can influence motion perceptions?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.9 Multisensory Spatial Orientation Cortex

Learning Objective: 12.9.2 Describe how higher cognitive knowledge can affect vestibular sensations.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. If you are familiar with the curves in a road, the motion seems less intense.

b. If you are familiar with the curves in a road, the motion seems more intense.

c. The vestibular-ocular reflex can be affected by damage to the inner ear.

d. When listening to music, people sometimes sway back and forth.

e. When we get sleepy, we think about lying down.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 54

54. Which symptom is quite common with vestibular dysfunctions?

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.10 When the Vestibular System Goes Bad

Learning Objective: 12.10.1 Describe some of the problems that vestibular dysfunction can cause.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. Tactile agnosia

b. Hemifield neglect

c. Spatial disorientation

d. Anosmia

e. Object agnosia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 55

55. The illusory sense of swaying, rocking, or tilting perceptions that occur after spending time on a boat and then returning to land is called

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.10 When the Vestibular System Goes Bad

Learning Objective: 12.10.2 Describe mal de debarquement syndrome.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. vection.

b. motion sickness.

c. Ménière’s syndrome.

d. mal de debarquement syndrome.

e. vestibular flux.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 56

56. If you spend the day at the ocean playing in the waves, you might experience an illusory sense of rocking motion while you are falling asleep at night. This is known as

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.10 When the Vestibular System Goes Bad

Learning Objective: 12.10.2 Describe mal de debarquement syndrome.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

a. Ménière’s syndrome.

b. mal de debarquement syndrome.

c. vection.

d. motion sickness.

e. vestibular flux.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 57

57. The sudden and unexpected onset of dizziness, imbalance, and spatial disorientation causing a patient to fall down or experience motion sickness so severe that they repeatedly vomit is called

Feedback: Textbook Reference: 12.10 When the Vestibular System Goes Bad

Learning Objective: 12.10.3 Describe Meniere’s syndrome.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

a. vection.

b. illusory tilt.

c. Ménière’s syndrome.

d. mal de debarquement syndrome.

e. vestibular flux.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 58

58. What are the three modalities of spatial orientation perception?

Feedback: The three modalities of spatial orientation perception are our senses of angular motion, linear motion, and tilt. Angular motion is the rotation of the body in space, similar to the motion of a top. Linear motion is the translational motion of the body in space, such as when riding in a car or train. Tilt motion is when the body is angled in a sloped position relative to the line of gravity, like the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

Textbook Reference: 12.0 Introduction

Learning Objective: 12.0.1 Define spatial orientation in terms of the perception of linear motion, angular motion, and tilt.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 59

59. What is the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

Feedback: The vestibulo-ocular reflex is the automatic compensation of the eyes to changes in head position such that the eyes maintain fixation on a target. This short-latency reflex counter-rotates the eyes in response to head movements, allowing the observer to maintain focus on a target.

Textbook Reference: 12.0 Introduction

Learning Objective: 12.0.3 Describe the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 60

60. What are the otolith organs and what do they sense?

Feedback: The otolith organs are structures in the inner ear that sense gravity and linear acceleration. The otolith organ in each ear is comprised of two structures: the utricle and the saccule.

Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.4 Describe the physiological structures of the otolith organs and their functions.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 61

61. What is vection?

Feedback: Vection is the illusory sense of self-motion that results from visual cues indicating motion when the observer is not actually moving. Watching a movie of a roller coaster and feeling as if one were spinning, turning, and going up and down would be an example of vection.

Textbook Reference: 12.6 Multisensory Integration

Learning Objective: 12.6.2 Define vection.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 62

62. Describe where and how motion signals are registered in the semicircular canals.

Feedback: The vestibular system contains five structures composed of three semicircular canals (anterior, posterior, and horizontal) and two otolith organs (saccule and utricle). The five vestibular structures each contain hair cells that act as mechanoreceptors to detect motion. In the vestibular canals, there is a swelling at the base called the ampullae, where the canals connect to the vestibule. The ampullae contain the cristae, which are specialized detectors of angular motion. The cristae contain stereocilia, or hair cells, that are a specialized form of mechanoreceptor. The semicircular canals also contain endolymph, and when the head turns, the endolymph lags behind and causes a deflection of the hair cells. When the hair cells are deflected in a particular direction they cause their connected nerve fibers to fire more vigorously. Therefore, the detection of motion occurs when the head turns and the endolymph within the semicircular canals causes the hair cells to be deflected, causing the nerve fibers to signal the detected motion.

Textbook Reference: 12.4 The Vestibular Organs

Learning Objective: 12.4.2 Describe the physiological structures of the semicircular canals and their functions.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 63

63. Describe two syndromes that result from failures of the vestibular system.

Feedback: In mal de debarquement syndrome, an affected person continues to experience the sensation or rocking or motion from being on a ship or in the waves at the beach for an extended period of time. It is normal for one to lie in bed at the end of a day at the beach and continue to experience the sensation of motion, but in mal de debarquement syndrome, these feelings do not subside and may continue for months or years. In Ménière’s syndrome, an affected person experiences a sudden attack of extreme dizziness and spatial disorientation that causes them to lose their balance and fall down. The symptoms are often completely debilitating and, worse yet, appear at unpredictable times.

Textbook Reference: 12.10 When the Vestibular System Goes Bad

Learning Objective: 12.10.1 Describe some of the problems that vestibular dysfunction can cause.

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing