What Elicits Emotions? Chapter 4 Test Questions & Answers

SHIOTA & KALAT, EMOTION 3rd edition TEST BANK, CHAPTER 12

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is considered the defining feature of subjective well-being, according to your textbook?
   1. Belief that one’s life has been satisfying and fulfilling
   2. Frequent experience of positive affect
   3. Infrequent experience of negative affect
   4. All of the above in combination define subjective well-being.
2. In survey studies, which of the following do people typically identify as their most important source of satisfaction in life?
   1. Wealth and economic stability
   2. Relationships with family and friends
   3. Career success and accomplishment
   4. Physical pleasures and comforts
3. The heritability of happiness, or proportion of individual differences in subjective well-being that can be attributed people’s genes, has been estimated at around .
   1. 5%
   2. 20%
   3. 40%
   4. 70$
4. Researchers in one study (Smillie et al., 2015) instructed some participants to behave in an extraverted, outgoing manner while interacting with another person; other participants were instructed to be less outgoing during the interaction. In terms of natural personality, people ranged from introverted to extraverted. Which of the following best describes the study results?
   1. Naturally extraverted participants enjoyed the interaction more than introverted participants, whether they were instructed to be outgoing or not.
   2. Naturally extraverted participants enjoyed the interaction more than introverted participants, but only if they were instructed to be outgoing.
   3. Participants who behaved in an outgoing manner enjoyed the interaction more than those instructed to be less outgoing, whether they were naturally extraverted or not.
   4. Participants who behaved in an outgoing manner enjoyed the interaction more than those instructed to be less outgoing, but only if they were naturally introverted.
5. According to research discussed in your textbook, which of the following Big Five personality traits is NOT predictive of higher happiness, or subjective well-being?
   1. Extraversion
   2. Agreeableness
   3. Conscientiousness
   4. Openness to experience
6. According to research discussed in your textbook, which of the following is most likely to predict a lasting change in subjective well-being, extending over several years?
   1. Winning a large amount of money in a lottery
   2. Getting married
   3. Divorce
   4. All of the above have long-lasting effects on subjective well-being
7. Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between wealth and happiness?
   1. Wealth and happiness are strongly correlated, but there is no evidence of a causal relationship.
   2. Beyond the amount of money needed for basic security and comfort, wealth is not a strong predictor of happiness, but below this threshold wealth is more strongly correlated with happiness.
   3. Longitudinal and experimental studies suggest that an increase in wealth causes an increase in happiness.
   4. Longitudinal and experimental studies suggest that an increase in wealth causes a decrease in happiness.
8. Which of the following has NOT been found to predict higher happiness, or subjective well-being?
   1. Physical health
   2. Participating in a religious community
   3. Higher physical attractiveness
   4. All of the above have been found to predict higher happiness.
9. Which of the following has NOT been found to predict higher happiness, or subjective well-being?
   1. Being happily married
   2. Having a sense of control over one’s life
   3. Refusal to let go of one’s goals, even if they are clearly unattainable
   4. All of the above have been found to predict higher happiness.
10. Which of the following has NOT been found to predict higher overall happiness, or subjective well-being?
    1. Being physically healthy
    2. Living in a place with a warm, sunny climate
    3. Being physically attractive
11. All of the above have been found to predict higher happiness.
12. Which of the following best summarizes the adaptive function of positive emotions, according to Fredrickson’s (1998) broaden and build theory?
    1. Positive emotions help us gather information and resources that will be helpful in the future.
    2. Positive emotions have direct cardiovascular benefits that lengthen people’s lives.
    3. Positive emotions make life more enjoyable, so people take better care of their health.
    4. According to broaden and build theory, positive emotions do not have an adaptive function.
13. The is a brain structure that is highly active during the pleasurable anticipation of reward.
    1. amygdala
    2. nucleus accumbens
    3. insula
    4. anterior cingulate
14. Which of the following stimuli has been found to elicit increased activity in the human nucleus accumbens?
    1. Gambling
    2. Chocolate
    3. Video games
    4. All of the above have been found to increase activity in the nucleus accumbens.
15. The physiological profile of enthusiasm, or pleasurable anticipation, in the body looks most like which negative emotion?
    1. Fear
    2. Anger
    3. Disgust
    4. Sadness
16. The term “food coma” is often used to describe the pleasant, lethargic feeling people have after eating a big meal. Which of the following mediates that effect?
    1. Increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system
    2. Increased activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
    3. Increased activation of the nucleus accumbens
    4. Increased activation of the hippocampus
17. In one study described in your textbook, researchers recorded the firing of individual neurons in hippocampal cells that record spatial memory, while mice ran a maze to get a food reward, ate the reward, and then settled down for a relaxed grooming session. What conclusion did the researchers draw from the hippocampal cell firing patterns?
    1. Mice were accessing their spatial memory while searching the maze.
    2. While eating the reward, the mice were planning the route to escape the maze.
    3. During the post-snack grooming session, the hippocampal cells were mentally “backtracking” the route to the reward.
    4. Arousal interfered with the mice’s ability to locate the food reward.
18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic element of the nonverbal expression of pride?
    1. A strong Duchenne smile
    2. Expanded posture, with head lifted and chest puffed out
    3. Hands either on hips or raised in the air
    4. All of the above characterize the nonverbal expression of pride.
19. Which of the following statements regarding the nonverbal display of pride is FALSE, according to research discussed in your textbook?
    1. The nonverbal display of pride is not recognized by children until they are at least 10 years old.
    2. People who are congenitally blind show the pride display, despite never having seen it.
    3. People who show a nonverbal pride display are assumed to have high social status.
    4. The human pride display resembles the primate dominance display.
20. Which of the following is true regarding the difference between authentic and hubristic pride?
    1. The nonverbal expressions of authentic and hubristic pride are easily differentiated.
    2. Both authentic and hubristic pride earn the respect of other people.
    3. People experiencing hubristic pride are more likely to boast or brag than people experiencing authentic pride.
    4. All of the above are true regarding authentic and hubristic pride.
21. Which of the following is NOT one of the behavioral program described by John Bowlby as a biological foundation of bonding within families?
    1. anxiety
    2. attachment
    3. caregiving
    4. sex
22. Which of the following statements about love is FALSE, according to your textbook?
    1. When people are asked to write a list of emotions, “love” is one of the most common answers.
    2. Most emotion researchers consider love to be a basic or discrete emotion.
    3. The prototypical forms of love involve commitment to the well-being of close others.
    4. Researchers have documented a nonverbal expression of sexual desire that is distinct from that of romantic love.
23. Which of the following is defined by your textbook as an emotional response to the opportunity to play?
    1. Amusement
    2. Contentment
    3. Enthusiasm
    4. Pride
24. The prototypical human expression of humor, or amusement, closely resembles the primate expression of:
    1. dominance
    2. curiosity
    3. playfulness
    4. submissiveness
25. Which of the following emotions has been found to increase careful, systematic cognitive processing, rather than heuristic processing?
    1. Attachment Love
    2. Awe
    3. Contentment
    4. Enthusiasm
26. According to your textbook, which of the following is FALSE regarding the emotion awe?
    1. Awe involves a strong increase in “fight-flight” sympathetic nervous system activation.
    2. The prototypical facial expression of awe does not include a smile.
    3. Awe has been found to reduce heuristic, shortcut-based cognitive processing.
    4. All of the above are true; none are false.
27. Which of the following statements about optimism is FALSE, according to research presented in your textbook?
    1. Mostly people are unrealistically optimistic, at least to some degree.
    2. Optimistic people experience less anxiety in stressful situations than more pessimistic people.
    3. Optimistic people are more likely than pessimists to abuse drugs.
    4. None of the statements above are false; all are true.