Chapter 11

State, Law, and Social Policy

1. True/False The Trump Administration recently ordered the Bureau of Prisons to use “biological sex” to determine how transgendered prisoners are assigned housing, thus making transgender people more vulnerable to sexual assault and abuse.
2. True/False President George W. Bush repealed the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy associated with military life in 2003.
3. True/False The Equal Rights Amendment was first introduced into Congress in 1968.
4. True/False In the U.S. women got the vote in 1920 with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.
5. True/False Susan B. Anthony challenged the Fourteenth Amendment when she attempted to vote.
6. True/False Citizenship laws that discriminated against women in their marriage to non-U.S. citizens were revoked in the late 1920s.
7. True/False Women are just as likely as men to run for political office today.
8. True/False Women as a group are more likely than men to vote Democrat.
9. True/False The Welfare Reform policies of 2002 raised the number of hours mothers receiving welfare have to work outside the home, study, or be involved in training to 40 hours a week.
10. True/False The largest increase in crime among women can be explained by self defense in the case of homicide.
11. True/False The percentage of women in Congress today is 12%.
12. True/False The Supreme Court ruling Muller v. Oregon concerned limits on women’s employment.
13. True/False Although more men are incarcerated than women, the rate of increase is higher for women than men.
14. True/False The U.S. was one of the last countries to sign CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women).
15. True/False Prior to the 1960s most states decriminalized family violence.
16. True/False Approximately 1 in 15 young African American males are incarcerated.
17. True/False 75% of states now have equal rights guarantees in their constitutions.
18. True/False During the 1908s, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the constitutionality of drafting males only into the military.
19. True/False Shirley Chisholm was the first woman considered for the U.S. presidential nomination.
20. British common law utilized what doctrine?

a. Femme fromage

b. Femme decoupage

c. Femme couverte

d. Femme enfants

21. Which of the following is not one obligation of citizenship in the U.S.?

a. Jury duty

b. Taxation

c. Voting

d. Military service.

22. People who support the bootstrap myth believe that

a. Everyone deserves boots

b. Even in a democracy, not everyone is able to compete equally

c. Social welfare policies must be accountable to those who need them

d. Success is a result of hard work and ambition

23. The percentage of women on active-duty in the military varies by the different armed forces. The highest number is women in the Air Force. What is this figure?

a. 19%

b. 29%

c. 39%

d. 49%

24. Which of the following is a special problem for women veterans?

a. Sexual assault

b. Homelessness

c. Employment

d. Both (a) and (b)

e. Both (b) and (c)

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

25. Which of the following statements was used by ERA opponents?

a. ERA is anti-family

b. ERA would send women into combat

c. ERA would legislate gay rights

d. Both (a) and (b)

e. Both (b) and (c)

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

26. Which of the following is not an example of “wealthfare” as discussed in Chapter 11?

a. Direct grants

b. Discounted fees for use of public resources

c. Tax breaks

d. Disprortionate representation on juries

e. None; all are examples of “wealthfare”

27. Exploitation of indigenous lands and indigenous bodies are intimately connected for which of the following reasons?

a. Natural resource extraction changes the entire landscape

b. Crimes such as rape and abduction increase when temporary “man camps” are set up to extract natural resources from the land

c. The plastic from water bottles contaminates the land

d. Indigenous women are not allowed to work in “man camps”

e Both (a) and (b)

e. Both (c) and (d)

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

28. According to the chart “Women in the National Parliaments” on p. 593, which of the following is true?

a. The U.S. has the smallest gender gap of any country listed

b. In most countries, women are more likely to have greater representation in the lower/single house than in the upper house/senate.

c. Senegal has a larger percentage of women serving in the lower/single house than Mexico

d. Ethiopia has a larger percentage of women serving in the upper house/senate than the lower/single house

Reading 71 “Constitutional Argument” Susan B. Anthony

1. True/False In “Constitutional Argument,” Susan B. Anthony said that it was an injustice that women should have to endure taxation without being allowed into military service.
2. True/False Susan B. Anthony is known as a second wave feminist.
3. In the context of Susan B. Anthony’s speech “Constitutional Argument,” what crime was she accused of committing?

a. Contempt of court in asserting her right to vote

b. Physically attempting to vote

c. Gathering signatures for a petition for women’s suffrage

d. Setting fire to a postal box

1. In her speech “Constitutional Argument, Susan B. Anthony quotes the Declaration of Independence to show which of the following?

a. She is familiar with founding U.S. documents

b. Foundational U.S. documents already implicitly grant women the right to vote

c. She is angry that she has been denied the right to vote

d. Foundational U.S. documents should be changed to grant women the right to vote

1. In her speech “Constitutional Argument, Susan B. Anthony quotes the preamble to the U.S. Constitution to support which of the following arguments?

a. “We, the people” refers to white male citizens

b. “We, the people” refers to male citizens

c. “We, the people” refers to female citizens as well as males

d. “We, the people” refers to all inhabitants of the U.S. who have not been given the right to vote

Reading 72 “I Knew America Was Not Ready for a Woman to Be President” Angela N. Gist

1. True/False Donald Trump’s and Hillary Clinton’s social identities are similar with regard to factors such as social class, race, age, and ability status (Angela N. Gist/“I Knew America Was Not Ready for a Woman to Be President”).
2. True/False Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump faced the widest gap in support among college graduates and non-college graduates (Angela N. Gist/“I Knew America Was Not Ready for a Woman to Be President”).
3. True/False In “I Knew America Was Not Ready for a Woman to Be President,” Angela N. Gist uses intersectionality as a key analytical framework.
4. In “I Knew America Was Not Ready for a Woman to Be President,” Angela N. Gist argues that the process of electing a female president mirrors which other historical process in the U.S.?

a. The right to bear arms

b. The right to free speech

c. The right to sue for damages

d. The right to vote

1. In “I Knew America Was Not Ready for a Woman to Be President,” Angela N. Gist argues that Americans will have to be prepared to struggle to elect a female president because

a. Electing an African American man and then a woman to the presidency threatened the status quo in a ways that were alarming to many mainstream Americans

b. The social identity hierarchy of the presidency is gendered as male

c. Social progress is almost always followed by backlash in the U.S.

d. Historical patterns seem to indicate as much

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

Reading 73 “The New Military Femininities: Humanitarian Violence and the Gendered Work of War among U.S. Servicewomen” Jennifer Greenburg

1. True/False In her article “The New Military Femininities: Humanitarian Violence and the Gendered Work of War among U.S. Servicewomen” Jennifer Greenburg argues that gendered military labor perpetuates violence through expressions of feminine domesticity.
2. True/False According to Jennifer Greenburg, the “new military femininity” is humanitarian and does not involve intelligence gathering linked to targeted killing (“The New Military Femininities: Humanitarian Violence and the Gendered Work of War among U.S. Servicewomen”).
3. True/False False In her article “The New Military Femininities: Humanitarian Violence and the Gendered Work of War among U.S. Servicewomen” Jennifer Greenburg argues that women’s military labor is increasingly accepted as it moves away from humanitarian work and towards special operations.
4. In her article “The New Military Femininities: Humanitarian Violence and the Gendered Work of War among U.S. Servicewomen,” Jennifer Greenburg argues that the concept of a U.S. military women as inhabiting a “third gender” is problematic for which of the following reasons?

a. There is not a precedent for the concept of “third gender” in Women and Gender Studies scholarship

b. The U.S. military does not currently have a clear policy on transgender servicemembers

c. The concept of the “third gender” reinforces the binary of women as domestic and men as warlike

d. The all-female units were set up for failure

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

1. In her article “The New Military Femininities: Humanitarian Violence and the Gendered Work of War among U.S. Servicewomen,” Jennifer Greenburg argues that the concept of military femininity is changing because

a. Women were technically banned from ground combat positions before 2013

b. U.S. troops in Iraq and Afghanistan needed all-female units as part of counter-insurgency efforts

c. The current debate about the role of women in the U.S. military is part of a long-runnng debate on the topic

d. Female teams who want to be taken seriously have to be part of intelligence gathering and combat

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

Reading 74 “Speech on Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy” Margot Wallström

1. True/False According to Margot Wallström, Sweden actively pursues a feminist foreign policy (“Speech on Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy”).
2. True/False In her “Speech on Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy,” Margot Wallström argues that gender equality is not a women’s issue.
3. In her “Speech on Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy,” Margot Wallström maintains that a feminist foreign policy includes which of the following?

a. Examine the needs and aspirations of the entire population

b. Work against gender-based prohibitions and for gender-based opportunities

c. Ensure that women are represented in government

d. Apply a gender perspective when distributing aid and resources

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

1. In her “Speech on Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy,” Margot Wallström uses which metaphor to describe feminist progress?

a. Bicycle pedaling forward

b. Midwife birthing a baby

c. Women baking bread

d. Nation distributing resources

1. Margot Wallström’s “Speech on Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy” is an example of which concept from chapter 11?

a. The gender gap in politics is high in the U.S.

b. The gender gap in politics is high in Sweden

c. Welfare policy sustains systems of inequality

d. State policies can deliberately favor or exclude particular groups

Reading 75 “What It Feels Like to Be on Welfare” Brenda Della Casa

1. True/False Brenda Della Casa’s essay “What It Feels Like to Be on Welfare” is a response to a Facebook post that argues for expansion of the welfare system.
2. True/False In “What It Feels Like to Be on Welfare,” readers learn that Brenda Della Casa was cared for by her grandfather and then supported herself after he died.
3. True/False In “What It Feels Like to Be on Welfare,” Brenda Della Casa reveals that her grandfather was excited to be on welfare so he could stop working.
4. “What It Feels Like to Be on Welfare” by Brenda Della Casa responds to which of the following stereotypes about welfare recipients?

a. “They” are lazy

b. “They” are milking the system

c. “They” are drug dealers

d. “They” are different from “us”

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

1. In “What It Feels Like to Be on Welfare,” Brenda Della Casa writes extensively about the importance of not judging others and showing everyone respect. She argues that these things are particularly important for what reason?

a. People who judge others are mean

b. Judgment makes nice people feel bad

c. Respect is far more humane than judgment

d. People who judge others perpetuate a system of judgment and therefore are vulnerable to being judged

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

Reading 76 “The Rise of the Valkyries: In the Alt-Right, Women Are the Future, and the Problem” Seyward Darby

1. True/False Advocates of the alt-right advocate for white male supremacy (“The Rise of the Valkyries: In the Alt-Right, Women Are the Future, and the Problem”/Seyward Darby),
2. True/False In “The Rise of the Valkyries: In the Alt-Right, Women Are the Future, and the Problem” Seyward Darby argues that vocal alt-right women expose the fissures and contradictions in the alt-right movement.
3. True/False Members of the alt-right refer to a conversion to alt-right beliefs as “red-pilling” (“The Rise of the Valkyries: In the Alt-Right, Women Are the Future, and the Problem”/Seyward Darby).
4. In her article “The Rise of the Valkyries: In the Alt-Right, Women Are the Future, and the Problem,” Seyward Darby argues that women are the “future” and the “problem” for which of the following reasons?

a. The alt-right movement cannot survive without women

b. Alt-right men believe that women are biologically inferior and should not have equal rights

c. Members of the alt-right advocate for white supremacy

d. The alt-right movement is the offspring of various supremacist ideologies

e. Both (a) and (b)

f. Both (c) and (d)

g. All of the above

h. None of the above

1. In her article “The Rise of the Valkyries: In the Alt-Right, Women Are the Future, and the Problem,” Seyward Darby traces the conversion of Bre Faucheux and Ayla Stewart to alt-right ideologies. What do these two conversion stories have in common?

a. Both women were contacted by Lana Lokteff

b. Both women suffered some kind of disappointment

c. Both women were called out for racist or sexist ideologies

d. Both (a) and (b)

e. Both (b) and (c)

f. All of the above

g. None of the above

1. In her article “The Rise of the Valkyries: In the Alt-Right, Women Are the Future, and the Problem,” Seyward Darby describes her conversation with Lana Lokteff, an alt-right woman. Darby reports that Lana Lokteff argues that one way to attract female Trump supporters who are not white supremacists to the alt-right is to

a. Sympathize with their problems

b. Make them fear they will be raped by men of color

c. Convince them by making logical arguments

d. Refer to the bootstraps myth