Verified Test Bank Juvenile Justice Chapter 13

Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 1

1) This term refers to the philosophy that the government assumes the ultimate responsibility for the welfare of children.

a. Parens patriae

b. Parens matriae

c. Lex talionis

d. Stare decisis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 2

2) Much of juvenile delinquency is not recorded in official statistics. Which is not a reason for this?

a. Adults are unaware of the offense

b. Some delinquency and status offending is consensual

c. Status offenses are difficult to identify

d. The police do not record the offense

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 3

3) This perspective considers recidivism to be a consequence, in part, of the negative characterizations applied to offenders.

a. Net-widening

b. Parens patriae

c. Strain theory

d. Labeling theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 4

4) In which case did the Supreme Court set forth that the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments forbid imposition of the death penalty on offenders who were under the age of 18 when they committed their offenses.

a. Roper v. Simmons

b. Breed v. Jones

c. In re Gault

d. Kent v. United States

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 5

5) In 1899, this state established the first U.S. juvenile court system.

a. Illinois

b. New York

c. Texas

d. California

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 6

6) This is the effort to deinstitutionalize delinquent and neglected children.

a. Direct filing

b. Net-widening

c. Diversion

d. commitment

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 7

7) Which is the major difference between the modern adult criminal and juvenile courts?

a. Informal hearing

b. Focus on rehabilitation

c. Individualized justice

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 8

8) This is a session that takes place without a jury before a judge in which evidence and/or arguments are presented to determine some factual or legal issue.

a. Hearing

b. Civil suit

c. Disposition

d. trial

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 9

9) In which case did the courts reinstate some of the due process rights of children?

a. Breed v. Jones

b. Kent v. United States

c. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 10

10) In this case, the Supreme Court established that if incarceration or loss of freedom is possible, a case against a juvenile must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.

a. In re Winship

b. Breed v. Jones

c. In re Gault

d. Kent v. United States

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 11

11) In this case, the Supreme Court established juveniles' right to an attorney, as well as the right to confront accusers and protection from self-incrimination.

a. In re Winship

b. Kent v. United States

c. In re Gault

d. Breed v. Jones

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 12

12) Who is the juvenile justice system responsible for dealing with?

a. Status offenders

b. Children with bad grades

c. Lonely children

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 13

13) Which of the following issues is least connected to juvenile delinquency?

a. Poverty

b. Inadequate schooling

c. Faulty parenting

d. The media

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 14

14) Which may be the source of a referral?

a. Law enforcement

b. Parents

c. Child welfare agencies

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 15

15) This is an order by a judge upon conviction or before a trial that sends a person to jail or prison.

a. Commitment

b. Referral

c. Adversarial process

d. Incarceration order

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 16

16) Which is not a typical requirement for pre-hearing detention?

a. That the youth is accused of an offense against a person

b. That the youth has run away from a court-ordered placement

c. That the youth’s parents ask the police to detain the youth

d. That the youth is on probation, parole, or release from another charge

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 17

17) This is when the parties to a lawsuit accept a judge's order based on an agreement made by them instead of continuing the case through a trial or hearing.

a. Motion for agreement

b. Referral

c. Consent decree

d. Bench trial

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 18

18) This is a period during which a juvenile is required to stay out of trouble or make restitution before the case is dropped.

a. Informal probation

b. Commitment

c. Adversarial process

d. Formal probation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 19

19) This is the process by which a juvenile court determines whether the allegations in a petition are supported by evidence.

a. Commitment

b. Referral

c. Adversarial process

d. Adjudicatory hearing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 20

20) This is any sentence of a juvenile offender to a halfway house or other community home in which the juvenile is closely monitored, but allowed to leave for work or school.

a. Commitment

b. Referral

c. Residential placement

d. Incarceration order

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 21

21) In this case, the Supreme Court established that as long as procedures protect a juvenile's rights, detention is constitutional if it protects the juvenile and society from offenses he or she might commit pre-trial.

a. Kent v. United States

b. In re Winship

c. Schall v. Martin

d. Breed v. Jones

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 22

22) Which one of these is a type of public facility for juveniles?

a. Training schools

b. Ranches and camps

c. Adult prisons

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 23

23) This is someone, usually under age 18, who is determined to have committed a criminal offense or status offense in states in which a minor is declared to lack responsibility and cannot be sentenced as an adult.

a. Recidivist

b. Juvenile delinquent

c. Juvenile criminal

d. Minor

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 24

24) In which 1988 case did the Supreme Court set forth that the execution of youths over the age of 16 does not violate the Eighth Amendment prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment?

a. Swisher v. Brady

b. Goss v. Lopez

c. Fare v. Michael C

d. Stanford v. Kentucky

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 25

25) This is an act that is considered a legal offense only when committed by a juvenile and that can be adjudicated only in a juvenile court.

a. Status offense

b. Juvenile offense

c. Crime

d. Civil offense

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 26

26) Each state has its own structure and method of processing juvenile justice cases.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 27

27) Youths older than age 12 may be held in detention for up to two weeks without a court hearing.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 28

28) The nature of juvenile court proceedings is remedial, whereas that of adult proceedings is adversarial.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 29

29) A child's family life can affect the chances of delinquency.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 30

30) There is little evidence of racial bias in who gets waived to criminal court.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 31

31) Foremost among the 20th-century juvenile legal reforms was the restoration of many of children's due-process rights.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 32

32) Probation is a common method used to divert status offenders or first-time juvenile delinquents from the juvenile court.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 33

33) The juvenile hearing is a criminal proceeding and is not confidential.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 34

34) All states have provisions for trying juveniles as adults.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 35

35) Statutory exclusion, which automatically sends some juveniles to adult court, does not require a juvenile court hearing.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 36

36) Under direct filing, a prosecutor has the discretion to file charges in either juvenile or adult court.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 37

37) The standard of proof in an adjudicatory hearing is beyond a reasonable doubt.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 38

38) Most juvenile delinquents are long-term, chronic, and consistent law violators.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 39

39) One predictor of chronic delinquency is belonging to a youth gang.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 40

40) Juveniles have no right to treatment in the juvenile justice system.

a. True

b. False