Chapter 40
Assisting in Pediatrics
Multiple Choice Questions
1. | Which of the following should be included in the emotional preparation of toddlers for a physical examination?
A. | Approach the children slowly |
B. | Perform procedures slowly |
C. | Avoid giving any explanations of what is going to take place |
D. | Avoid letting the parent stay with the toddler |
E. | Give them candy to keep them happy |
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2. | At what age does a child become able to share and play with others?
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3. | At what age does a child develop a personal identity?
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4. | Which of the following is a birth-related disorder that is the most frequent crippling disease in children?
A. | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
E. | Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
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5. | Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results from one extra chromosome in each cell during the development of the fetus?
C. | Congenital heart disease |
D. | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
E. | Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
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6. | In which stage of growth and development is a child's head usually one-fourth the entire body length?
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7. | Which of the following is the treatment for jaundice in a newborn?
A. | Place the infant on a special high-protein diet |
B. | Inject hormones to stimulate the liver |
C. | Keep the infant well hydrated with breast milk or formula |
D. | Administer passive range-of-motion exercises |
E. | Provide tub baths in tepid water |
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8. | At what age are infants able to sit and creep on their hands and knees?
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9. | By what age can most toddlers walk independently?
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10. | At what age do children tend to develop a sense of what is right and wrong and a sense of honesty and fairness?
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11. | Which of the following physical changes occur to both males and females during puberty?
C. | External genitalia grow |
E. | Shape becomes more rounded |
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12. | At what age do children need to spend time enjoying friendships, sporting events, and social events?
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13. | Which of the following statements about well-child examination is true?
A. | Infants need two well-baby exams during their first year: one at 6 months and one at 1 year. |
B. | Children between 2 and 3 years old should have a well-child examination every 3 months. |
C. | Blood pressure is not checked during well-child examinations until the child is 12 years old. |
D. | From the age of 3, children should have well-child examinations every year. |
E. | The child's hearing should be tested when the child is 6 months old. |
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14. | Which of the following actions will help relieve a child’s fear when coming to the medical office?
A. | Ask the parent to firmly restrain the child |
B. | Explain the procedure using medical terminology |
C. | Allow the child to examine some of the blunt instruments |
D. | Ignore the child's crying |
E. | Talk to the parent instead of the child |
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15. | How many well-baby examinations are needed in an infant's first year?
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16. | At which of the following ages should toddlers have well-child examinations?
A. | 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, and 28 months |
B. | 24 months and 36 months |
E. | 15, 18, 24, and 30 months |
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17. | What is the purpose of administering an immunization?
A. | To reduce a person’s susceptibility to infections |
B. | To prevent a person from getting a common cold |
C. | To reduce the possibility of contracting AIDS |
D. | To treat an ongoing bacterial infection |
E. | To manage congenital diseases |
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18. | When is the first dose of the vaccine for hepatitis B given?
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19. | Which of the following is not a guideline for the proper storage and handling of vaccines?
A. | Store refrigerated vaccines between 35°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C) |
B. | Store frozen vaccines between –58°F and +5°F (–50°C and –15°C) |
C. | Prepare vaccines just prior to administration to the patient |
D. | Follow infection control guidelines when preparing and administering vaccines |
E. | Rotate your supply of vaccines so those with the longest expiration date are used first |
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20. | Charla is a three-year-old whose mother has brought her to the pediatrician’s office because she has had a low-grade fever for three days. The pediatrician has asked the medical assistant to take all of her vital signs, including blood pressure. Charla is scared; she is whimpering and clinging tightly to her mother. Which of the following actions should the medical assistant take?
A. | Tell Charla there is nothing to be afraid of |
B. | Ask Charla's mother to tell her not to be afraid |
C. | Check Charla's temperature first because it is the most important measurement |
D. | Take Charla's blood pressure before getting her other vital signs |
E. | Use an oral thermometer to avoid scaring Charla further |
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21. | Which of the following actions is part of a hearing test for a toddler?
A. | Clap your hands loudly directly in front of the ear |
B. | Instruct the parent to whisper in the toddler's ear and evaluate the response |
C. | Use a quiet location and have the toddler sit, lie down, or be held by the parent |
D. | Ask the parent to go into the next room and say the toddler's name; evaluate the result |
E. | Position yourself directly in front of the toddler to perform the test |
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22. | Reya is a 2 1/2-year-old whose parents have brought her to the office because she has been cranky and apparently does not feel well. When asked where it hurts, she points to her throat. The physician has asked you to obtain a specimen for a rapid strep test, but Reya refuses to open her mouth. Which of the following is the best way to open Reya's mouth to obtain the specimen?
A. | Tickle the child until she opens her mouth to laugh |
B. | Grasp her lower jaw firmly and pull downward |
C. | Ask Reya's mother to tell her to open her mouth |
D. | Squeeze Reya's nostrils shut until she opens her mouth to breathe |
E. | Inform the physician that you were unable to get the specimen |
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23. | Peter is a 4-year-old who is in the office for a well-child exam. While you are taking his history, Peter’s mother says he has been urinating much more often lately. The notes also state that Peter’s older sister is diabetic. Which of the following questions would be important to ask next?
A. | "Is Peter having trouble with toilet training?" |
B. | "Does Peter seem to be excessively thirsty?" |
C. | "Does Peter have trouble urinating?" |
D. | "Does Peter have pain when he urinates?" |
E. | "Has Peter been wetting the bed lately?" |
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24. | The best site for obtaining a blood specimen from an infant is the ____.
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25. | Most childhood cases of HIV infection are ____.
A. | transmitted from a mother to her infant |
B. | caused by blood transfusions during delivery |
C. | curable using antiviral agents |
D. | the result of sending the child to a day-care center |
E. | caused by formula that has not been sterilized |
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26. | Which of the following conditions is commonly misunderstood, misdiagnosed, and over-diagnosed in children?
C. | Respiratory syncytial virus |
E. | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
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27. | Which of the following is a highly contagious disease that is often seen in the winter and spring as outbreaks of pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and tracheobronchitis?
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28. | Why can viral gastroenteritis be serious in young children?
A. | It can cause extreme fluid loss, resulting in dehydration |
B. | The high fever that accompanies it may cause brain damage |
C. | It permanently weakens the child's immune system |
D. | Antibiotics are not effective against it |
E. | It lasts for more than two weeks |
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29. | Which of the following is not a known risk factor for child abuse or neglect?
B. | Inadequate knowledge of normal developmental expectations |
D. | Mother older than 18 years |
E. | Lack of family support |
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30. | Ginny is an 8-year-old whose mother brought her to the office because "there must be something wrong with her; she is always complaining that she hurts somewhere." You notice bruises on Ginny's legs, and what appears to be a burn mark on the back of her left hand. Ginny sits quietly on the exam table while you take the history and her vital signs. You suspect that Ginny may be abused. What should you do?
A. | Explain to Ginny's mother that children should not be struck |
B. | Ask Ginny if anyone has been hitting her |
C. | Ask Ginny's mother if anyone has been abusing her daughter |
D. | Inform your supervising licensed practitioner |
E. | Tell Ginny's mother to take her to a school counselor |
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31. | The actual bodily changes that occur as a child grows are which type of development?
A. | Psycho-emotional development |
C. | Intellectual-cognitive development |
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32. | The development of thinking skills as a child grows is ____.
A. | psycho-emotional development |
C. | intellectual-cognitive development |
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33. | Changes in the feelings a child experiences during a particular period of growth and development are ____.
A. | psycho-emotional development |
C. | intellectual-cognitive development |
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34. | The way a child relates to others as he or she grows is ____.
A. | psycho-emotional development |
C. | intellectual-cognitive development |
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35. | About how much does a full-term infant usually weigh at birth?
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36. | Which of the following is a highly contagious dermatologic disease that causes inflammation and pustules that become crusted before healing?
A. | Streptococcal sore throat |
E. | Respiratory syncytial virus |
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37. | Which of the following is not an effective treatment for head lice?
A. | 1% permethrin cream rinse |
B. | Avoidance of sun exposure |
C. | Removal of eggs with a fine-tooth comb |
D. | Disinfecting clothing, bedding, and toys |
E. | Washing combs and brushes in anti-lice shampoo |
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38. | Which of the following can help relieve discomfort due to infectious conjunctivitis?
A. | Applying an ice cube to the eye |
B. | Using a medicated shampoo |
C. | Applying a topical antifungal medication |
D. | Applying warm compresses to the eye |
E. | Using an eye ointment to relieve itching |
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39. | Which of the following is not a warning sign of potential violence?
B. | Withdrawal from friends and activities |
C. | Frequent physical fighting |
D. | Feeling constantly disrespected |
E. | Decrease in risk-taking behavior |
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40. | Which of the following is considered a warning sign for suicide?
A. | Frequent physical fighting |
B. | Increase in risk-taking behavior |
C. | Anger directed at oneself |
E. | Trouble controlling anger |
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41. | Which of the following statements about suicide is true?
A. | Suicide is the leading cause of death for people aged 10 to 18. |
B. | Males are more likely to attempt suicide than females. |
C. | Females are more likely to be successful in their first suicide attempt. |
D. | Changes in habit, including carelessness or sloppiness, are suicide warning signs. |
E. | Exposure to violence in movies and video games may convince a person to commit suicide. |
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42. | At what age do most sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases occur?
A. | Between 1 and 2 months of age |
B. | Between 2 and 4 months of age |
C. | Between 6 months and 1 year of age |
D. | Between 1 and 2 years of age |
E. | Between 2 and 3 years of age |
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Fill in the Blank Questions
43. | The physiological changes that make a person capable of sexual reproduction are known as ________.
________________________________________ |
44. | Public health authorities recommend a(n) ________ schedule for children to be vaccinated against various diseases.
________________________________________ |
45. | Juvenile rheumatoid ________ (JRA) is an autoimmune disease of the joints that occurs in children aged 16 or younger.
________________________________________ |
46. | A birth-related disorder of the nerves and muscles caused by brain damage that occurs before, during, or shortly after birth or in early childhood is ________.
________________________________________ |
47. | Blue lips and fingernails, signs of cyanosis in a newborn, are obvious indications of a(n) _______ defect.
________________________________________ |
48. | A defect of spinal development that results when tissues fail to close properly around the spinal cord during the first trimester of pregnancy is called _______.
________________________________________ |
49. | Before administering a vaccine to a child, the _______ consent must be signed by the parent.
________________________________________ |
50. | For some diseases, _______ doses of a vaccine may be required when a child is older.
________________________________________ |
51. | Before administering a childhood immunization, be sure to check for _______, or known risks or reasons for not giving the immunization.
________________________________________ |
52. | The _______ of an infant's head is used to evaluate conditions such as hydrocephalus or excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity.
________________________________________ |
53. | As part of the general exam, the pediatrician examines the interior of a child's eyes with an instrument called a(n) _______.
________________________________________ |
54. | An eating disorder in which the person develops a habit of binge eating and purging is _______.
________________________________________ |
55. | An eating disorder in which patients basically starve themselves by not eating is _______.
________________________________________ |
56. | The specialty area of medicine that involves the care of children up to the age of 18, or in some cases 21, is _______.
________________________________________ |
57. | An infant is called a(n) _______ from birth to one month of age.
________________________________________ |
58. | Infants that develop skin that is a yellowish color have neonatal ________.
________________________________________ |
59. | The waste product from the normal breakdown of red blood cells that may cause jaundice in neonates is ________.
________________________________________ |
60. | The soft spots on an infant's head that are made of tough cartilage are known as ________.
________________________________________ |
61. | Pediatricians use ________ to determine how a child's height, weight, and head circumference compare to average rates.
________________________________________ |
62. | The medical term for bed-wetting is ________.
________________________________________ |
63. | A contagious fungal infection that may involve the scalp, groin, feet, or other areas of the body, causing flat, dry, scaly or moist and crusty lesions, is ________.
________________________________________ |
64. | Parasites called _______ are transmitted by swallowing worm eggs, by touching something the infected person has touched, or by putting infested sand or dirt into the mouth.
________________________________________ |
65. | In children, the _______ virus causes cold sore blisters on or near the mouth.
________________________________________ |
66. | Viral _______ is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
________________________________________ |
67. | A viral infection that can lead to chronic liver infection and can be carried by a child for years before liver failure or liver cancer develops is _______.
________________________________________ |
68. | A cardiovascular malformation in the fetus before birth results in _______ heart disease.
________________________________________ |
69. | Pediatricians often do a(n) _______ to confirm the accuracy of a negative result on a rapid strep test performed in the office.
________________________________________ |
70. | For children who have a fever, Tylenol or ibuprofen should be recommended instead of _______, because the latter has been associated with Reye syndrome.
________________________________________ |
71. | Complications of _______ include progression to rheumatic fever, with arthritis, nephritis, and inflammation of the endocardium.
________________________________________ |
Multiple Choice Questions
72. | Which newborn screening test is required by all states and is performed 24-48 hours after birth and after the infant has ingested proteins?
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73. | The pediatric dietary guidelines suggest a child be introduced to strained vegetables and fruits at what age range?
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Fill in the Blank Questions
74. | Newborn infants have certain reflexes due to an immature nervous system such as the _____ reflex, in which they feel like they are falling.
________________________________________ |
75. | Before an infant is given an immunization, the parents must be given a copy of the ________ statement in order to obtain an informed consent to perform the immunization.
________________________________________ |