Verified Test Bank Ch.7 Social Influence Dynamics

Package Title: Test Bank

Course Title: Nevid & Rathus, Adjustment Psychology 14th Edition

Chapter Number: Chapter 07

Question type: Multiple-Choice

1) An organized collection of beliefs and feelings about a thing, such as a stereotype, a preconception, or a generalization is called a(n) ______.

a) schema

b) value

c) attribution

d) consensus

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

2) Jim believes that all people who do not follow his religion are depraved sinners who will never go to heaven. His belief about religion is an example of a(n) ______.

a) schema

b) attribution

c) consensus

d) response cue

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

3) A mental framework about the way an individual would behave based on their perceived traits is called a ______ schema.

a) person

b) situation

c) self-

d) role

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

4) Our first impressions of others cause us to form ______ schemas.

a) person

b) situation

c) self-

d) role

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

5) Mental structures that influence the ways in which we interpret the successes and shortcomings of other people and ourselves are called ______.

a) determinants

b) attributions

c) postulates

d) inhibitory filters

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

6) One’s private, continuous sense of being in the world is their ______ self.

a) personal

b) physical

c) cognitive

d) attributed

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

7) Rogers defines ______ as the ongoing sense of who and what you are, and why you react to the environment.

a) the self

b) direct inner awareness

c) the persona

d) the identity

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

8) Which of the following theorists did NOT view the self as a central architect or guiding principle of personality?

a) Carl Jung

b) B. F. Skinner

c) Alfred Adler

d) Carl Rogers

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

9) To Rogers, the sense of self is ______.

a) reactive

b) learned from the environment

c) inborn

d) an illusion

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

10) Which of the following is NOT discussed in your text as one of the parts of the self?

a) the physical self

b) the psychological self

c) the social self

d) the personal self

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

11) The part of the self that consists of your observable features such as height, weight, and hair color is the ______ self.

a) physical

b) psychological

c) social

d) personal

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

12) Your health and conditioning are part of your ______ self.

a) physical

b) psychological

c) social

d) personal

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

13) Compared to European American girls, African American girls are ______ with their physical appearance and ______ likely to turn inward and blame themselves for not attaining the American physical ideal.

a) less happy, less

b) happier, less

c) less happy, more

d) happier, more

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

14) Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to be satisfied with their physical selves?

a) European American women

b) African American women

c) African American men

d) European American men

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

15) According to your text, ______ girls are likely to believe that nothing is wrong with their physical selves if they fail to match the American ideal, while ______ girls are likely to look inward and blame themselves for not attaining the unreachable American physical ideal.

a) very few American, almost all American

b) European American, African American

c) African American, European American

d) almost all American, very few American

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

16) As compared to European Americans, among African Americans self-esteem is ______ and ethnic identity is a ______predictor of self-esteem.

a) lower, weaker

b) higher, weaker

c) lower, stronger

d) higher, stronger

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

17) Among minorities, a strong sense of ethnic identity and pride fosters a ______ sense of community ______ social connections to others of similar background

a) weaker; and fewer

b) stronger; but fewer

c) weaker; but greater

d) stronger; and greater

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

18) According to the text, the ______ self refers to the various masks we wear or roles we play.

a) physical

b) psychological

c) social

d) personal

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

19) According to the text, roles and masks are ______ responses to the social world.

a) reactive

b) adaptive

c) maladaptive

d) inferior

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

20) In Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper, court officials choosing between two boys whose appearance and behaviors are identical seek out the one whose ______ is that of the prince.

a) inner identity

b) social self

c) ideal self

d) value system

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

21) The part of a person's self that is visible to that person and to that person alone and represents the person's inner identity is called the ______ self.

a) physical

b) psychological

c) social

d) personal

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

22) Your inner identity is your ______ self.

a) physical

b) psychological

c) social

d) personal

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

23) Which of the following is NOT one of the three aspects of the personal self-discussed in your text?

a) your name

b) your self-concept

c) your culture

d) your values

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

24) Which of the following is NOT true of names?

a) names and nicknames can reflect our attitudes toward ourselves

b) names often reflect parental expectations of what their children are to become

c) names have an influence on perceptions of physical attractiveness

d) unusual names seem linked to popularity in childhood and adolescence

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

25) According to your text, college women with masculine names - and who use them - are more ______ than women with masculine names who use feminine nicknames.

a) anxious

b) passive

c) athletic

d) culturally sophisticated

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

26) According to your text, college women with masculine names - and who use them - are LESS ______ than women with masculine names who use feminine nicknames.

a) anxious

b) socially sophisticated

c) likely to become leaders

d) culturally sophisticated

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

27) Our ______ involve the importance we place on objects and things.

a) social selves

b) values

c) mores

d) folkways

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Standard 2: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

28) ______ give rise to personal goals and tend to place limits on the means used to obtain those goals.

a) Values

b) Mores

c) Folkways

d) Pathways

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

29) We probably get along best with people whose values are ______.

a) very similar to our own

b) somewhat similar to our own

c) somewhat different than our own

d) very different than our own

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

30) A system of beliefs based on an understanding of what is right and wrong from which one derives standards of conduct or behavior is collectively known as ______.

a) mores

b) ethics

c) recriminations

d) values

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

31) Ethics refer to ______.

a) legal principles

b) moral values

c) standards of behavior

d) religious beliefs

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

32) During some periods of our lives, especially during ______, our personal values may be in flux.

a) early childhood

b) adolescence

c) young adulthood

d) old age

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

33) Your impression, or perception, of yourself, including your traits and your evaluation of those traits, is your ______.

a) self-esteem

b) self-worth

c) self-concept

d) ideal self

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

34) The person you think you ought to be is known as your ______ self.

a) stereotypic

b) romanticized

c) real

d) ideal

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

35) Self-esteem may depend on the difference between our self-concept and our ______.

a) psychological self

b) physical self

c) ideal self

d) perceived self-efficacy

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

36) Your self-approval, or self-respect, is your ______.

a) self-esteem

b) self-concept

c) ideal self

d) self-efficacy

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

37) According to your text, self-esteem ______.

a) is innate

b) is your perception of yourself

c) begins with parental love and approval

d) develops primarily during adolescence

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

38) According to your text, parents of boys with high self-esteem were likely to be ______.

a) extremely lenient; rarely, if ever, disciplining their sons

b) generally lenient, but harsh when they did decide to discipline their sons

c) strict, but not harsh or cruel

d) rigid and harsh when dealing with most disciplinary situations

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

39) According to your text, parents of boys with low self-esteem were likely to be ______.

a) extremely lenient; rarely, if ever, disciplining their sons

b) generally lenient, but harsh when they did decide to discipline their sons

c) strict, but not harsh

d) rigid and harsh in dealing with most disciplinary situations

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

40) Self-esteem is associated with ______.

a) neither psychological nor physical health

b) psychological but not physical health

c) physical but not psychological health

d) both psychological and physical health

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

41) Self-esteem is linked to _____.

a) neither the ability to cope nor the stress associated with the transition to college

b) the ability to cope but not the stress associated with the transition to college

c) the stress associated with the transition to college but not the ability to cope

d) the ability to cope and the stress associated with the transition to college

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

42) Erikson believed that a crisis of self-identity is ______.

a) a normal part of development and can be a growth experience

b) a sign of fixation at an early stage of development

c) indicative of low self-efficacy expectations

d) the direct result of being raised with conditional positive regard

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

43) According to Erikson, the fundamental challenge of adolescence is the creation of one’s ______.

a) physical self

b) adult self-identity

c) self-efficacy expectancies

d) psychological hardiness

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

44) Erikson believed that the key to identity development was ______.

a) physical separation and independence from one’s parents

b) the development of formal operational thinking

c) the choice and commitment to an occupational or life role

d) becoming involved in a long-term, committed romantic relationship

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

45) Your sense of who you are and what you stand for is your sense of ______.

a) self-identity

b) self-efficacy

c) role diffusion

d) social status

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

46) According to your text, ______ experiences an identity crisis; ______ develops a commitment to a life role.

a) not everyone, not everyone

b) everyone, not everyone

c) not everyone, everyone

d) everyone, everyone

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

47) James Marcia identified ______ identity statuses.

a) two

b) four

c) six

d) eight

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

48) Which of the following is NOT one of the four identity statuses identified by Marcia?

a) identity achievement

b) identity crisis

c) identity diffusion

d) identity foreclosure

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

49) According to Marcia, it is possible to classify the identity status of the individual according to the presence of ______.

a) self-esteem and commitment

b) commitment and adjustment

c) adjustment and a crisis

d) a crisis and commitment

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

50) According to James Marcia, the identity status that describes individuals who have resolved an identity crisis and committed to a relatively stable set of beliefs or course of action is identity ______.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

51) People who reach the status of identity achievement tend to be ______ in their pursuits.

a) unstable and impulsive

b) stable but impulsive

c) unstable but conscientious

d) stable and conscientious

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

52) Mary is stable and conscientious in her pursuits. She recently decided to go into law, because of the challenge and sense of accomplishment it provides her. This choice went against family pressure she was receiving to follow a more traditional career path into nursing. She is best described as being in James Marcia’s identity status of identity ______.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

53) The identity status that describes individuals who have adopted a commitment to a set of beliefs or course of action without undergoing an identity crisis is identity ______.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

54) Carl believes the same religious beliefs as his parents and generally “follows the crowd” without seriously questioning his personal attitudes or course of action. He is best described as being in James Marcia’s identity status of identity ______.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

55) People who are in the identity status of identity ______ tend to be isolated from or not open to new experiences.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

56) The identity status that describes individuals who are in the throes of an identity crisis is identity ______.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

57) People in the identity status of identity ______ tend to carefully evaluate their values, attitudes, feelings, and the possibilities that are open to them.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

58) Mary is confused. She is intensely examining various alternatives on issues that are important to her and her future. Should she get married or not, go to graduate school or get a full-time job, or become active in the local environmental group? She is best described as having James Marcia’s identity status of identity ______.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

59) The identity status that describes individuals who have neither arrived at a commitment nor experienced an identity crisis is identity ______.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

60) Carl tends to act on whims. He has no stable set of beliefs, no coherent plans for his future, and is not attempting to develop any. He just sort of “lives for the moment.” He is best described as having an identity status of identity ______.

a) foreclosure

b) moratorium

c) achievement

d) diffusion

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

61) According to James Marcia, the identity achievement is characterized by the ______ of commitment and the ______ of a crisis.

a) absence; absence

b) presence; absence

c) absence; presence

d) presence; presence

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

62) According to James Marcia, the identity foreclosure is characterized by the ______ of commitment and the ______ of a crisis.

a) absence; absence

b) presence; absence

c) absence; presence

d) presence; presence

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

63) According to James Marcia, the identity moratorium is characterized by the ______ of commitment and the ______ of a crisis.

a) absence; absence

b) presence; absence

c) absence; presence

d) presence; presence

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

64) According to James Marcia, the identity diffusion is characterized by the ______ of commitment and the ______ of a crisis.

a) absence; absence

b) presence; absence

c) absence; presence

d) presence; presence

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

65) Erik Erikson’s views on the development of personality were intended to apply primarily to ______.

a) minorities

b) immigrants

c) males

d) females

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Evaluation

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

66) Erik Erikson believed that ______important to a woman’s identity.

a) commitment to a career was most

b) development of interpersonal relationships was most

c) ideological issues were most

d) commitment to career, interpersonal relationships, and ideological issues were equally

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

67) Today ______ mothers (overall) are in the labor force, ______ mothers of preschool children.

a) a minority of; including a minority of

b) most; but only a minority of

c) a minority of; including very few

d) most; including most

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

68) Adolescent girls today, on average, express ______ regarding their occupational plans.

a) almost no concern

b) less concern than boys

c) about as much concern as boys

d) far more concern than boys

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

69) Adolescents from ethnic minority groups are often faced with sorting through ______ of cultural values.

a) no stable set

b) one dominant set

c) at least two sets

d) four or more sets

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

70) The process by which we form understandings of others in our social environment, based on our observations of how others act and information we receive is called ______.

a) selective perception

b) a response set

c) social selectivity

d) social perception

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

71) The tendency to evaluate others in terms of first impressions is called the ______.

a) primacy effect

b) recency effect

c) fundamental attribution error

d) actor-observer effect

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

72) People wear their best suits to interviews and lawyers dress their clients to look like the all-American girl or boy in court in an effort to take advantage of the ______.

a) primacy effect

b) recency effect

c) fundamental attribution error

d) actor-observer effect

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

73) The phenomenon in which the most current or immediate experiences and impressions govern the formation of a person schema is called the ______.

a) primacy effect

b) recency effect

c) fundamental attribution error

d) actor-observer effect

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

74) The “what have you done for me lately” attitude used by many managers when rating their employees is an example of the ______.

a) primacy effect

b) recency effect

c) fundamental attribution error

d) actor-observer effect

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

75) Although Jason tends to goof off at his job most of the year, he always works extremely hard to impress his boss during the 6 weeks before his annual evaluation. He is apparently trying to take advantage of the ______.

a) primacy effect

b) recency effect

c) fundamental attribution error

d) actor-observer effect

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

76) Body language ______ in forming personal schemas.

a) plays no role whatsoever

b) plays only a peripheral role

c) only plays a role for women

d) plays an important role

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

77) When people like us, they are likely to ______.

a) lean toward us and face us

b) lean back and toy with their hair

c) cross their arms

d) lean back and face us

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

78) ______ touch other people when they are interacting with them.

a) Men are more likely than women to

b) Men and women are equally likely to

c) Neither men nor women are likely to

d) Women are more likely than men to

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

79) Researchers have found that waitresses who touch customers’ arms are likely to receive ______ tips.

a) no

b) lower

c) similar

d) higher

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

80) In Bulgaria, people shake their heads up and down to signal ______.

a) sexual interest

b) a need for help

c) no

d) confusion

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

81) On average people ______.

a) in African and Middle Eastern cultures both tend to stand about 18 inches apart

b) in African cultures stand much closer than people in Middle Eastern cultures

c) in Middle Eastern cultures stand much closer than people in African cultures

d) in African and Middle Eastern cultures both tend to stand about 3 feet apart

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

82) In Western cultures, which of the following is MOST likely to be interpreted as being assertive and open?

a) looking someone squarely in the eyes

b) averting someone's gaze

c) giving someone a hard stare

d) closing your eyes while someone talks to you

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

83) Which of the following is MOST likely to be interpreted as being deceptive or depressed?

a) looking someone squarely in the eyes

b) averting someone's gaze

c) giving someone a hard stare

d) giving someone a romantic gaze

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

84) In a study in which men and women were asked to gaze into each other’s eyes for two minutes, they reported ______.

a) feeling very uncomfortable and invaded by the other person

b) being bored by the entire exercise

c) feeling indifferent toward each other

d) having passionate feelings toward one another

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

85) Which of the following is MOST likely to be interpreted as a provocation or a sign of power or provocation?

a) looking someone squarely in the eyes

b) averting someone's gaze

c) giving someone a hard stare

d) closing your eyes while someone talks to you

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

86) In high school, staring contests among adolescent males are seen as ______.

a) tests of visual acuity

b) assertions of dominance

c) tests of muscle control

d) measures of trust

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

87) Ellsworth et al.’s 1972 study found that when drivers who were stopped at intersections were subjected to hard stares from drivers of neighboring motor scooters, they ______.

a) stared back until the motor scooter drove away

b) drove off more rapidly than drivers who did not receive the stares

c) drove off more slowly than drivers who did not receive the stares

d) ignored the stares

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

88) Greenbaum and Rosenfeld’s 1978 study found that drivers who were recipients of hard stares from a man seated near an intersection

a) stared back until the man got up and walked away.

b) drove off more rapidly than drivers who did not receive the stares.

c) drove off more slowly than drivers who did not receive the stares.

d) ignored the stares.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

89) A belief concerning why people behave in a certain way is called ______.

a) a reaction formation

b) an attribution

c) a stereotype

d) an archetype

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

90) A personal explanation of the causes of behavior is ______.

a) a reaction formation

b) an attribution

c) a stereotype

d) an archetype

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

91) The process by which people draw inferences about the motives and traits of others is called the ______.

a) phi phenomenon

b) primary process

c) attributional process

d) secondary process

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

92) Explaining someone's behavior in terms of internal causes, such as attitudes or beliefs, is called ______.

a) the fundamental attribution error

b) dispositional attribution

c) situational attribution

d) psychogenic attribution

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

93) Examples of ______ include explaining behavior in terms of external pressures such as lack of time.

a) the fundamental attribution error

b) dispositional attribution

c) situational attribution

d) psychogenic attribution

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

94) Cindy tells Lois that her recent criticism of a mutual friend was because the friend was an immoral person. Cindy's criticism was based on ______.

a) the self-serving bias

b) dispositional attribution

c) situational attribution

d) psychogenic attribution

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

95) Cindy tells Jim that she fired him because she was ordered to by her own bosses. Her explanation for firing Jim is based on ______.

a) the fundamental attribution error

b) dispositional attribution

c) situational attribution

d) psychogenic attribution

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

96) In the fundamental attribution error, we tend to ______.

a) attribute too much importance to our own behavior

b) attribute too little importance to our own behavior

c) attribute the behavior of others to situational factors when there is clear evidence their behavior is due to dispositional causes

d) attribute the behavior of others to dispositional causes when there is clear evidence their behavior is due to situational factors

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

97) The tendency to assume that others act on the basis of choice or will, even when there is evidence suggesting the importance of their situations, is ______.

a) the fundamental attribution error

b) a self-serving bias

c) a psychogenic attribution

d) a situational attribution

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

98) After hearing a story of how a man was forced to steal food because his children were starving, Terri says that he was stupid, irresponsible, and probably dishonest anyway. Terri's comments reflect ______.

a) the fundamental attribution error

b) a self-serving bias

c) a psychogenic attribution

d) a situational attribution

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

99) The tendency to infer traits from behavior is a major factor in ______.

a) the actor-observer effect

b) situational attribution

c) the self-serving bias

d) the fundamental attribution error

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

100) In Asian cultures, people are more likely than Americans to attribute other people’s behavior to ______.

a) inherent personal traits

b) random luck

c) social roles and obligations

d) random situational factors

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

101) After just saying how the world is full of "insensitive jerks" who deliberately hurt people, Joe excuses his own rude behavior because he was late and "had a lot of problems" to deal with. Joe's comments reflect ______.

a) the fundamental attribution error

b) the actor-observer effect

c) a psychogenic attribution

d) the self-serving bias

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

102) The actor-observer effect involves _____.

a) the tendency to see our own behavior as being situationally motivated while attributing the behavior of others to dispositional motivations

b) the tendency to see our own behavior as being internally motivated while attributing the behavior of others to situational causes

c) the tendency to see our own behavior as more important than it really is

d) the tendency to see our own behavior as less important than it really is

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

103) According to the actor-observer effect, people tend to attribute the behavior of others to ______ factors while attributing their own behavior to ______ factors.

a) situational, situational

b) situational, dispositional

c) dispositional, situational

d) dispositional, dispositional

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

104) The tendency to attribute other people’s behavior to dispositional factors and our own behavior to situational factors is called ______.

a) the fundamental attribution error

b) the actor-observer effect

c) a psychogenic attribution

d) the self-serving bias

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

105) Rodney views all of his successes as being due to his own talents and skills, while viewing all of his failures as the result of other people getting in his way. This is typical of ______.

a) the fundamental attribution error

b) the actor-observer effect

c) the self-serving bias

d) dispositional attribution

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

106) In self-serving bias, people tend to attribute their personal successes to ______ factors and attribute their personal failures to ______ factors.

a) situational, situational

b) situational, dispositional

c) dispositional, situational

d) dispositional, dispositional

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

107) Sports fans tend to attribute their team’s victories to ______ factors and their losses to ______ factors.

a) situational, situational

b) situational, dispositional

c) dispositional, situational

d) dispositional, dispositional

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

108) Sports teams tend to attribute their team’s victories to internal conditions and their losses to external conditions because of the ______.

a) fundamental attribution error

b) actor-observer effect

c) self-serving bias

d) dispositional attribution

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

109) Depressed people are more likely than other people to attribute their failures to ______.

a) situational factors

b) chance or luck

c) fate or destiny

d) internal factors

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

110) When we work in groups with others with whom we are not friends we tend to ______ credit for the group’s success, and ______.

a) share; share blame for the group’s failures

b) take; share blame for the group’s failures

c) share; blame others in the group for the group’s failures

d) take; blame others in the group for the group’s failures

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

111) When we work in groups with others with whom we are close friends we tend to ______ credit for the group’s success, and ______.

a) share; share blame for the group’s failures

b) take; share blame for the group’s failures

c) share; blame others in the group for the group’s failures

d) take; blame others in the group for the group’s failures

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

112) ______ interpret a woman’s smile or friendliness toward a man as flirting or sexual interest.

a) Neither men nor women

b) Men are more likely than women to

c) Women are more likely than men to

d) Both men and women are equally likely to

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

113) Of the following, a person from ______ is most likely to attribute personal failure to lack of ability and personal successes to luck.

a) France

b) the United States

c) Germany

d) China

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

114) The self-serving bias is ______.

a) found only in Western cultures

b) more common in Western cultures than Eastern cultures

c) found equally in Western and Eastern cultures

d) more common in Eastern cultures than Western cultures

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

115) The self-serving bias is ______.

a) not found in either collectivist or individualist cultures

b) more common in collectivist cultures than individualist cultures

c) found equally among collectivist and individualist cultures

d) more common in individualist than collectivist cultures

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

116) Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended by your text for raising your self-esteem?

a) expand your competencies

b) substitute real, attainable goals for unattainable goals

c) build self-efficacy expectations

d) increase the standards of your ideal self

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

117) Such activities as enhancing your social or vocational skills would fall under which method of raising your self-esteem according to your text?

a) expanding your competencies

b) challenging the realism of your ideal self

c) substituting real, attainable goals for unattainable goals

d) building self-efficacy expectations

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

118) Eliminating perfectionistic demands falls under which method of raising self-esteem?

a) self-improvement

b) challenging the tyranny of “oughts” and “shoulds”

c) substituting real, attainable goals for unattainable goals

d) building self-efficacy expectations

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

119) Focusing on the parts of the body that we can change rather than the parts that cannot be changed falls under which method of raising self-esteem?

a) self-improvement

b) challenging the realism of your ideal self

c) substituting real, attainable goals for unattainable goals

d) building self-efficacy expectations

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

120) The degree to which you believe your efforts will bring about a positive outcome is your ______.

a) self-concept

b) self-esteem

c) ideal self

d) self-efficacy expectancies

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

121) First impressions _______.

a) have little long-term effect on how others perceive us because they do not last

b) although lasting, have little significant effect on how others perceive us

c) although not engraved in stone, can significantly affect how others perceive us

d) once formed, virtually never change

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

122) According to your text, each of the following is an effective method to manage first impressions EXCEPT ______.

a) avoid direct eye contact until you after have gotten to know the person

b) plan and rehearse your first few remarks for a date or a job

c) smile

d) be aware of your style of dress

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

123) Which of the following is NOT one of the suggestions provided by your text for improving the first impression you make on others?

a) smile

b) avoid too much eye contact

c) be well dressed for job interviews

d) plan or rehearse your first few remarks for a job interview

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

124) Each of the following is recommended in the text as a way of better managing first impressions EXCEPT ______.

a) smile and be well dressed

b) relax and don’t think about the first impression you are making on others

c) in class, seek eye contact with your instructors

d) plan or rehearse a few remarks for a date or a job interview

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

125) Each of the following is a way to use body language to improve your social relationships EXCEPT ______.

a) try to use physical gestures that are inconsistent with your words so other people will focus on what you are saying

b) be aware of what other people are telling you with their body language

c) pay attention to your own body language as a way of helping to make the desired impressions on other people

d) pay attention to your own body language as a way of learning about yourself

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

Question type: True-False

126) European American girls tend to have higher self-esteem than African American girls.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

127) African Americans overall have higher self-esteem than any other racial group in the United States.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

128) Your personal self is only visible to your closest friends.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

129) A person’s name can determine someone’s personality, popularity, and future success.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

130) Your self-concept is your impression of yourself.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

131) Having higher self-esteem is linked to getting higher grades.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

132) Identity formation is less complicated for adolescents from ethnic minority groups.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

133) Women are more likely than men to touch other people when they are interacting with them.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

134) Body language is amazingly similar from culture to culture.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

135) We tend to attribute our successes to our abilities and hard work, but we attribute our failures to external factors such as lack of time or obstacles placed in our paths by others.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

136) Depressed people are more likely than nondepressed people to attribute their failures to internal factors.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

137) People from eastern countries such as Japan and China are more likely to blame themselves for failures than are people from Western countries such as the United States.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

138) Humans the world over appear to have a need to feel good about themselves.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

Question type: Essay

139) Describe the various parts of the self and discuss how, together, these parts meld together to form the self.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

140) Summarize the research on the relationship between names and personality.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

141) Explain what values are and why they are important to self-development.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the three parts of the self: the physical self, the social self, and the personal self

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Parts of the Self

142) Compare and contrast the self-concept, the ideal self, and self-esteem, and explain how each contributes to our overall self-perception.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

143) Explain the concepts of self-identity and identity crisis, and discuss how diversity affects identity formation.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

144) Identify and briefly explain each of Marcia’s four possible identity statuses, and briefly describe the effects of human diversity on identity formation.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity

145) Discuss the various factors that influence how people project themselves online. How does their “online” self typically relate to their “real self?” If they are not the same, is this a good or bad phenomenon, and why do you feel that way?

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Explain the role of self-disclosure in self-presentation and strategies we use when we present ourselves online

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Presentation: Projecting Yourself into the Social World

146) Compare and contrast the primacy and recency effects, and explain how important these effects are in our relationships with others in the long run.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

147) Explain what body language is and why it is important.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

148) Identify the various types of attributions and discuss the attribution process in terms of the fundamental attribution error, the actor-observer effect, and the self-serving bias.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

149) What do you think underlies the actor-observer bias? Why do people hold others to standards that they are unwilling to apply to their own actions?

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the psychology of social perception—the importance of first impressions, body language, and attribution theory

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Social Perception: The Self with Others

150) Identify and briefly describe five ways one can boost one's self-esteem)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Define the self-concept, self-esteem, and self-identity, including the four identity statuses

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Self-Perception: Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Identity