Verified Test Bank Ch7 Basic Probability Theory

Chapter 7 Test Bank

Test Bank

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 01

1. True or False: According to set theory, a set is a well-defined collection of things and objects but not events.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 02

2. True or False: A subset of a larger set is also considered to be the universal set.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 03

3. True or False: The gambler’s fallacy involves treating events that are independent of each other as dependent.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 04

4. True or False: On tossing a coin, the probability of obtaining an outcome of HHHHHH is smaller than the probability of obtaining an outcome of HTHHHT.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 05

5. True or False: The gambler’s fallacy usually results in a correct judgement of probability of an outcome, even though the calculation of probability is not exactly correct.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 06

6. True or False: The probability of a given event that depends on the occurrence or non-occurrence of another event is known as conditional probability.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 07

7. True or False: Consider 3 sets of events. As long as all three sets do not overlap, we can consider them mutually exclusive.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 08

8. True or False: When there are five events in which the occurrence of one (event A) alters the probability of the occurrence of all the rest (events B, C, D, E), then events B, C, D and E are known as dependent on event A.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 09

9. True or False: Another term for events that are mutually exclusive is disjoint.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 10

10. True or False: When two events are mutually exclusive, it means that when one occurs, the other event cannot occur.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 11

11. True or False: The gambler’s fallacy is also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 12

12. True or False: An empirical set is a set of theoretical predictions.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 13

13. True or False: The probability of obtaining two sixes after rolling two dice is the same regardless of whether you roll the dice sequentially or simultaneously.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 14

14. True or False: When calculating the probability of obtaining a tail after a toss of a coin, the denominator of the formula is the number of events in a universal set.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 15

15. True or False: To calculate the probability of two independent events occurring, we add the probabilities of the occurrence of each event.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 16

16. True or False: The law of large numbers is a fallacy that results in an overestimation of the frequency of extreme outcomes.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 17

17. True or False: The probability of obtaining a 2, 4, or 5 on a roll of a die is the same as the probability of obtaining an odd number.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 18

18. True or False: In the law of large numbers, the “large numbers” refers to anything larger than 100.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 19

19. True or False: The probability of obtaining a particular data point is the frequency of it occurring in the population.

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a) True

b) False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 20

20. True or False: Inferential statistics allow you to evaluate whether a hypothesis is true or false. Feedback: Page reference: p16

a) True

b) False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 01

1. How many events are there in a single toss of a coin?

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a. 0

b. 0.5

c. 1

d. 2

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 02

2. Which of the following options is true?

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a. Heads and tails are not considered to be the universal set of outcomes of a toss of a coin because they are only two outcomes.

b. If we toss two dice a single time, the universal set is 6 times 6.

c. A universal set is always made up of interval data.

d. None of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 03

3. Freddie tosses a fair coin 3 times and gets T T T. What is the probability of obtaining tails if he tosses the coin for the fourth time?

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a. 100%

b. 50%

c. 25%

d. 10%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 04

4. Lenard studies the relationship between aggressive behavior and finger length. He hypothesizes that the relative length of the index finger to the ring finger predicts aggression. The length of the population of human index finger can be considered the _________________ , while the sample length of the index finger measured from 10 of Lenard’s volunteer participants is the _____________.

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a. subset; universal set

b. universal subset; semiset

c. semiset; universal subset

d. universal set; subset

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 05

5. What is the denominator for calculating the probability of drawing a Queen from a deck of cards after first having drawn a King with no replacement?

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a. 52

b. 51

c. 4

d. 48

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 06

6. What is the probability that when drawing a card at random from the deck, it will be the queen of hearts?

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a. 0.2%

b. 1%

c. 2%

d. 4%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 07

7. Consider a black bag of colored plastic cubes, with 5 red cubes and 6 blue cubes. The probability of randomly drawing a red cube after having drawn a blue cube is:

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a. An independent probability

b. A universal probability

c. A normalized probability

d. A conditional probability

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 08

8. Which of the following best describes mutual exclusivity?

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a. Drawing an ace after having previously drawn an ace from a deck of cards.

b. Obtaining tails on a single toss of a coin.

c. A very small probability that occurs on the tail ends of the normal distribution.

d. Events that are independent from each other.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 09

9. A newly discovered species of rats can have blue eyes, brown eyes or black eyes. Both eyes of a rat have to be the same color. This means that blue, brown and black eye color are:

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a. Disjoint

b. Independent

c. Dependent

d. Empirical

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 10

10. What is the probability that when drawing a card at random from the deck, it will not be the King of Clubs?

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a. 98%

b. 95%

c. 92%

d. 90%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 11

11. What is the universal set of the outcomes of tossing a regular die?

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a. The hypothetical outcome that you actually obtain on that single throw.

b. Numbers one to six.

c. Obtaining the number that you guessed, or not obtaining the number that you guess.

d. None of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 12

12. Which of the following is an example of the law of large numbers?

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a. The gambler’s fallacy

b. Mutual exclusivity of whether heads or tails are obtained on a single toss of a coin

c. In the long run, the chances of obtaining heads from tossing a fair coin is 0.5.

d. The empirical probability of obtaining a 6 after ten tosses of a fair die.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 13

13. When rolling a die, what is the probability of obtaining an odd number on a single throw?

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a. 1/3

b. 1/6

c. ½

d. 1/5

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 14

14. In a deck of 52 cards, what is the probability of drawing either a two or a three on the first draw?

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a. 8%

b. 64%

c. 0.6%

d. 15%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 15

15. In a deck of 52 cards, what is the probability of not drawing a five on the first draw?

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a. 8%

b. 25%

c. 92.3%

d. 87%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 16

16. For the empirical probability of roulette outcomes to approach the theoretical probability, the number of trials has to be approaching infinity. This is also known as:

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a. The gambler’s fallacy

b. The law of large numbers

c. The universal set

d. Inferential statistics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 17

17. In a set of 3 possible events that are mutually exclusive, what is the probability of two different events occurring together?

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a. 0

b. 0.33

c. 0.11

d. 0.66

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 18

18. The theoretical probability of drawing two black cards simultaneously from a deck of poker cards is:

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a. 25%

b. 75%

c. 100%

d. 50%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 19

19. Reba tosses a coin 20 times. She obtains 14 heads and 6 tails. Reba concludes that this coin is not a fair coin. Which of the following is true?

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a. Reba is probably right, because if the coin were fair, she would have obtained exactly 10 heads and 10 tails.

b. Reba is probably right if the outcome of heads cluster together instead of being spread out.

c. Reba is probably wrong, because theoretical probability never happens in real life.

d. Reba is probably wrong, because empirical probability approaches theoretical probability only with an infinitely large number of tosses.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 20

20. Elliot draws two cards randomly from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that both cards are Kings?

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a. 0.8%

b. 0.1%

c. 0.6%

d. 0.5%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 21

21. Consider the 12 face cards from a deck of playing cards (king, queen, and jack). Ben draws three cards from these face cards with replacement. What it the probability that he draws at least one Jack?

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a. 1.7%

b. 70.4%

c. 8.3%

d. 15%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 22

22. Penny tosses two dice. What is the probability that both dice are the exact same number?

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a. 17%

b. 3%

c. 33%

d. 13%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 23

23. What is the probability of drawing either a black card or a King on the first draw from a deck of 52 cards?

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a. 4%

b. 54%

c. 50%

d. 71%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 24

24. Which of the following statements is true?

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a. In a sport with wins, losses and draws, a win is considered a mutually exclusive event.

b. In a sport with wins, losses and draws, a win is considered an independent event from a loss.

c. In a casino, roulette allows you to beat the House in the long run as long as you have enough money.

d. In a casino, when the probability of winning favors the House, then the gambler’s fallacy is at play.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 25

25. Veronica tosses three dice. What is the probability that none of the dice rolls a 1?

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a. 50%

b. 52%

c. 55%

d. 58%

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 01

1. Define the gambler’s fallacy and give an example of how it can lead to a wrong conclusion.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 02

2. Nadia tosses a fair coin 3 times. She is surprised to find that the outcome is H H H. Nadia claims that this is not a fair coin. Do you agree? Why or why not?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 03

3. Consider the 12 face cards in a deck (king, queen and jack). What is the probability of obtaining a spade on the first draw? Explain, or show, how you got the answer.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 04

4. Explain what is meant when a coin is “fair”.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 05

5. Randolph has a box with 12 plastic balls. Six of the balls are red and six are green.

i. What is the probability of drawing all red balls if you draw three times with replacement?