Verified Test Bank Ch55 Nutrition And Health

Student name:__________

1) Which of the following contains four calories per gram?

A) fat
B) carbohydrate
C) fiber
D) protein
E) vitamin

2) Natural, organic compounds found in plant and animal foods that are used to make proteins are __________.

3) The eating disorder in which a person eats a large quantity of food in a short period of time and then attempts to counter the effects of bingeing by self-induced vomiting, using laxatives or diuretics, and/or exercising excessively is __________ nervosa.

4) Chemical agents called __________ fight free radicals and may help ward off cancer and heart disease.

5) The __________ aspect of weight loss includes methods such as keeping a food diary to pinpoint overeating patterns, controlling the stimuli associated with overeating, and providing rewards for successful behavior.

6) The eating disorder in which a person eats a large quantity of food in a short period of time and then attempts to counter the effects of bingeing by self-induced vomiting, using laxatives or diuretics, and/or exercising excessively is __________ nervosa.

7) A(n) __________ is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. This is also used to measure the energy the body uses during all activities and metabolic processes.

8) A fat-related substance produced by the liver that can also be obtained through animal-based foods and is the structural basis for all steroid hormones and vitamin D is __________.

9) Complex carbohydrates, also called __________, are long chains of sugar units.

10) A type of complex carbohydrate that does not supply energy or heat to the body is __________.

11) As a way to simplify the diet required for a patient who has diabetes, a system of __________is used.

12) Natural, inorganic substances the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues and carry on life functions are __________.

13) Nutrition given to patients as specially prepared nutrients injected directly into their veins rather than given by mouth is __________ nutrition.

14) Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature, including most vegetable oils, are __________ fats.

15) A(n) __________ test measures fat as a percentage of body weight.

16) Organic substances that are essential for normal body growth and maintenance and are absorbed through the digestive system are either water-soluble or fat-soluble __________.

17) In the phase of metabolism called __________, substances such as nutrients are changed into more complex substances and used to build body tissues.

18) In the phase of metabolism called __________, complex substances are broken down into simpler substances and converted into energy.

19) The sum of all of the cellular processes that build, maintain, and supply energy to living tissue is the process of __________.

20) Dietary __________ help people get proper nutrition by suggesting the types and quantities of food that people should eat each day.

21) A type of special diet that includes only foods that you can see through, such as tea or broth, is a(n) __________ diet.

22) Mild intolerance to a protein substance called __________, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley, can cause bloating and nausea.

23) The __________ diet, originally created to help reduce hypertension, is now considered one of the healthiest diets for weight loss.

24) An autoimmune reaction to gluten is __________ disease.

25) What is the term for the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1ºC?

A) mineral
B) calorie
C) amino acid
D) vitamin
E) gluten

26) Which of the following is the most essential nutrient for building and repairing cells and tissue?

A) protein
B) fat
C) carbohydrates
D) vitamins
E) minerals

27) How many amino acids are considered "essential" because they cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by food?

A) 2
B) 9
C) 11
D) 20
E) 22

28) Which of the following is a function of proteins?

A) They transport fat-soluble vitamins.
B) They promote normal defecation.
C) They assist in maintaining the body's water balance.
D) They provide a feeling of satiety.
E) They insulate and protect body organs.

29) The body makes protein out of __________.

A) lipoproteins
B) triglycerides
C) complex carbohydrates
D) electrolytes
E) amino acids

30) It is recommended that what percentage of an individual's total daily caloric intake be made up of protein?

A) 5%
B) 4% to 8%
C) 10% to 35%
D) 40% to 50%
E) 50% to 60%

31) Which of the following provide two-thirds of a person's daily energy needs?

A) minerals
B) proteins
C) carbohydrates
D) vitamins
E) water

32) It is recommended that what percentage of an individual's total daily caloric intake be made up of carbohydrates?

A) 5% to 10%
B) 10% to 20%
C) 25% to 35%
D) 40% to 45%
E) 45% to 65%

33) Which of the following can be converted to glucose and used for immediate fuel?

A) proteins
B) lipids
C) carbohydrates
D) minerals
E) water

34) After the body's carbohydrate reserves are depleted, which of the following does the body burn?

A) protein
B) fat
C) minerals
D) vitamins
E) water

35) Which of the following is a function of fiber?

A) It supplies energy or heat to the body.
B) It assists with antibody production and disease resistance.
C) It absorbs organic wastes and toxins in the body so they can be expelled.
D) It transports fat-soluble vitamins.
E) It assists with antibody production.

36) Which of the following are either stored in the liver and muscle cells as glycogen or converted and stored as fat?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) minerals
D) vitamins
E) fiber

37) Which of the following helps treat and prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, and irritable bowel syndrome?

A) proteins
B) lipids
C) fiber
D) minerals
E) vitamins

38) Which of the following nutrients, if low in a patient’s diet, can result in an increased risk of colon cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and increased blood glucose levels?

A) proteins
B) fats
C) carbohydrates
D) fiber
E) minerals

39) Which of the following is the daily recommendation of fiber for adults?

A) 2 grams per 1000 calories
B) 14 grams per 1000 calories
C) 34 grams per 1000 calories
D) 76 grams per 1000 calories
E) 100 grams per 1000 calories

40) Which of the following is essential for fiber to work properly in the body?

A) high fat intake
B) adequate water intake
C) exposure to sunlight
D) decreased protein intake
E) adequate rest

41) Which of the following contains 9 calories per gram?

A) protein
B) carbohydrate
C) fat
D) fiber
E) water

42) Which of the following are functions of lipids?

A) They provide a concentrated source of heat and energy.
B) They promote normal growth and wound healing.
C) They maintain the structural integrity of the heart and aid in muscle contraction.
D) They build healthy bones and teeth and aid in blood clotting.
E) They decrease the rate of carbohydrate breakdown and absorption.

43) Which of the following are characteristic of saturated fats?

A) They are liquid at room temperature and are found in vegetable oils.
B) They are divided into polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats.
C) They are derived from animal sources and are solid at room temperature.
D) They tend to lower blood cholesterol.
E) They are formed when hydrogen is added to vegetable oil.

44) Which of the following are saturated fats?

A) corn and safflower oils
B) peanut and canola oils
C) sunflower and olive oils
D) coconut and palm oils
E) soya oils and vegetable shortenings

45) An excess of which of the following can lead to increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood.

A) proteins
B) fiber
C) lipids
D) vitamins
E) carbohydrates

46) Which of the following contain unsaturated fats?

A) meats and animal products
B) corn oil and olive oil
C) butter and whole milk
D) egg yolks
E) fried foods

47) An increased intake of soluble fiber, a decrease in the dietary intake of saturated fats, and exercise result in __________.

A) reduced cholesterol levels
B) increased susceptibility to infection
C) poor wound healing
D) decreased muscle contraction
E) increased absorption of vitamins

48) Which of the following are organic substances that are essential for normal body growth and maintenance and resistance to infection?

A) triglycerides
B) carbohydrates
C) vitamins
D) minerals
E) lipids

49) Which of the following are natural, inorganic substances the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues and carry on life functions?

A) vitamins
B) fiber
C) minerals
D) carbohydrates
E) triglycerides

50) Major minerals the body needs in fairly large quantities include __________.

A) iron and zinc
B) calcium and phosphorus
C) selenium and copper
D) manganese and chromium
E) fluoride and molybdenum

51) Which of the following builds healthy bones and teeth, aids in blood clotting, and helps nerves and muscles function?

A) iron
B) iodine
C) selenium
D) zinc
E) calcium

52) What nutrient is essential for the production of red blood cells?

A) iron
B) magnesium
C) zinc
D) iodine
E) calcium

53) Which of the following plays a vital role in the activities of the thyroid hormones?

A) magnesium
B) calcium
C) iodine
D) phosphorus
E) iron

54) A deficiency in which of the following can cause anemia?

A) zinc
B) calcium
C) iron
D) magnesium
E) selenium

55) Which of the following are good dietary sources of iron?

A) dairy products, legumes, and the soft bones of sardines and salmon
B) liver, egg yolks, fortified breads and cereals, and dark green vegetables
C) seafood, iodized salt, and seaweed products
D) fruits, vegetables, and tea
E) legumes, bananas, and nuts

56) Which mineral is found in dairy products, green leafy vegetables, broccoli, legumes, and the soft bones of sardines and salmon?

A) iodine
B) calcium
C) selenium
D) fluoride
E) zinc

57) Which mineral works with vitamin E to aid metabolism, growth, and fertility?

A) calcium
B) fluoride
C) chromium
D) selenium
E) zinc

58) A deficiency in which mineral causes a goiter?

A) zinc
B) magnesium
C) iodine
D) iron
E) phosphorus

59) Which vitamin aids in night vision, cell growth and maintenance, and normal reproductive function?

A) vitamin B₁
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin K
E) vitamin A

60) Which vitamin aids in blood clotting and bone growth?

A) vitamin E
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin B₆
E) vitamin B₁₂

61) Another name for vitamin B₁ is __________.

A) niacin
B) carotene
C) thiamine
D) riboflavin
E) pyridoxine

62) A deficiency in which vitamin causes beriberi, digestive problems, muscle weakness, nervous disorders, and heart failure?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B₂
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin B₁
E) vitamin E

63) Another name for vitamin C is __________.

A) carotene
B) ascorbic acid
C) niacin
D) riboflavin
E) calciferol

64) A deficiency in vitamin B₁₂ causes __________.

A) scurvy and poor wound healing
B) rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
C) slow blood clotting
D) pernicious anemia and irreversible liver damage
E) convulsions, dermatitis, and anemia

65) Which vitamin is an intracellular antioxidant, maintains cell structures, and aids in the formation of red blood cells?

A) vitamin B₆
B) vitamin B₃
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin K
E) vitamin A

66) Which vitamin builds bones and teeth and is found in egg yolks, butter, and fortified milk?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B₁
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
E) vitamin K

67) Which of the following is a function of water?

A) It provides a concentrated source of heat and energy.
B) It decreases the rate of carbohydrate breakdown and absorption.
C) It helps maintain fluid balance in the body and regulates body temperature.
D) It serves as an integral part of cell membranes.
E) It is involved in bone and tooth formation.

68) Which instruction would be included when educating patients about daily water requirements?

A) Instruct elderly patients to limit their fluid intake because of incontinence or physical limitations.
B) Encourage patients to drink six to eight glasses of water.
C) Encourage patients to drink coffee, tea, and soft drinks in place of water.
D) Instruct patients that drinking water is essential only when illness is present.
E) Instruct patients to increase their water intake if they eat mostly fruits and vegetables.

69) Which of the following, supplied mainly by salt, maintains fluid and acid-base balance?

A) potassium
B) selenium
C) sodium
D) molybdenum
E) magnesium

70) Which of the following is important in the maintenance of muscle contraction and is found in foods such as bananas, raisins, and oranges?

A) sodium
B) copper
C) chromium
D) potassium
E) chloride

71) The most common food allergens include __________.

A) hamburger, tea, corn, and pickles
B) wheat, milk, eggs, and chocolate
C) chicken, beans, and pineapple
D) lettuce, cucumbers, and peaches
E) broccoli, peas, and beans

72) Which of the following is especially important to increase in the diet of patients with cancer to help replace cells destroyed by cancer treatments?

A) fats
B) minerals
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
E) water

73) Which instruction would be beneficial to include in nutritional therapy for patients with hypertension?

A) Restrict potassium intake by limiting the intake of fruits and vegetables.
B) Increase the percentage of calories from saturated fats to 30%.
C) Restrict sodium intake to 2 to 3 g per day.
D) Reduce calcium intake to 400 mg per day.
E) Eliminate foods that contain lactose from the diet.

74) Jessica is 24 years old, weighs 234 pounds, and has just been diagnosed with hypertension. The licensed practitioner prescribed a mild antihypertensive medication and asked you to help educate Jessica about lifestyle changes and behavior modification for weight loss. Which of the following would you include in your discussion?

A) Tell her to reduce her level of exercise so that she can eat less food safely.
B) Advise her to eat slowly and have five or six small meals daily.
C) Encourage her to restrict her diet to include only certain low-calorie foods.
D) Advise the purchase of OTC weight-loss pills to accelerate weight loss.
E) Tell her to reward herself for weight loss by eating her favorite foods.

75) Lisa has just found out that she is pregnant. This is her first pregnancy, and she wants to be sure to do everything right. She tells you, "I know I should not have any alcohol, and I have never been a smoker, but what about food? Is there anything I should do differently, or avoid? Which of the following would you include when teaching Lisa about nutrition during pregnancy?

A) "Restrict your total weight gain to 20 lb."
B) "Eat an additional 10 to 15 g of protein a day."
C) "Make sure your total calcium intake is 800 mg per day."
D) "Try to include 15 mg of iron a day through food selections, but stay away from supplements."
E) "Avoid yeast and leafy vegetables for the first three months."

76) A diet that consists of tea, broth, non-citrus juices, carbonated beverages, popsicles, and gelatin is a __________.

A) full-liquid diet
B) soft diet
C) clear-liquid diet
D) pureed diet
E) high-fiber diet

77) David has been having increasingly frequent migraine headaches. The practitioner will do further tests to determine if there is an underlying physical cause. While the tests are being done, what might the practitioner suggest to try to reduce the frequency or severity of the migraines?

A) Reduce salt intake to a maximum of 2 to 3 grams per day.
B) Restrict fatty foods and use low-fat or no-fat cooking methods.
C) Reduce the amount of high-fiber food eaten each day.
D) Increase intake of pastas, breads, fruits, and vegetables.
E) Restrict consumption of aged cheeses, red wine, and beer.

78) Your sister has just returned from an appointment with her healthcare provider. She informs you that she was diagnosed with a peptic ulcer and has been prescribed a bland diet for the next 7 to 10 days. She says, "This shouldn't be too hard. I love snacking on raw carrots, and I will get some orange juice for breakfast!" What should you tell your sister about following a bland diet?

A) "Raw fruits and vegetables are among the foods you should avoid on a bland diet."
B) "Orange juice is a good choice because it is loaded with calcium and vitamin C."
C) "Avoid eating mashed potatoes and gelatins."
D) "Try to make sure the foods you eat are either very hot or very cold."
E) "Use spices instead of salt to add flavor to the bland foods."

79) Which of the following is a sign or symptom of anorexia nervosa?

A) feeling out of control while eating
B) cessation of menstruation
C) eating large quantities of food in a short period, followed by purging
D) buying and consuming large quantities of food
E) erosion of tooth enamel

80) Which of the following behaviors might a patient with an eating disorder exhibit or mention in conversation?

A) buys a wide variety of low-calorie foods
B) avoids skipping meals but snacks on low calorie foods
C) uses laxatives, excessive exercise, vomiting, or diuretics for weight control
D) enjoys going to a social event instead of dieting or exercising
E) follows a commercial weight-loss plan to ensure good nutrition

81) Which of these are included in the 2015 USDA Dietary guidelines for Americans?

A) Maintain adequate nutrient intake without worrying about calories.
B) Increase sedentary activities.
C) Maintain weight even if overweight.
D) Eat a balanced diet and increase physical activity.
E) Increase consumption of less nutritious foods.

82) Which of the following is a criterion to identify fad diets?

A) They include a wide variety of foods.
B) They promise ease and comfort in weight loss.
C) They require no special pills.
D) They include an activity component.
E) They may be safely followed for long periods of time.

83) Which of the following is a sign or symptom of bulimia?

A) drastic reduction in food consumption
B) excessive use of laxatives or diuretics
C) extremely controlled behavior
D) self-starvation
E) weight gain

84) Which of the following is a recommendation from the American Cancer Society's nutritional and physical activity guidelines?

A) Be as lean as possible throughout life without being underweight.
B) Minimize your intake of fruits and vegetables each day.
C) Adults should get at least 1 hour of moderate to vigorous activity each day.
D) Drink no more than one glass of water per day for women, or two glasses for men.
E) Get most of your protein by eating red meat.

85) A measure of body fat based on height and weight that is often used in assessing nutritional levels is the __________.

A) skinfold test
B) specific gravity test
C) calorie
D) body mass index
E) muscle mass test

86) The optimal percentage of body fat for females younger than age 50 is __________.

A) 10% to 14%
B) 12% to 19%
C) 14% to 23%
D) 16% to 25%
E) 18% to 30%

87) What is the optimal percentage of body fat for a 55-year-old male?

A) 10% to 14%
B) 12% to 19%
C) 14% to 23%
D) 16% to 25%
E) 18% to 30%

88) In which type of special diet is food intake increased to provide 3000 to 5000 calories per day?

A) low-tyramine diet
B) high-fiber diet
C) low-sodium diet
D) bland diet
E) high-calorie, high-protein diet

89) Which of the following would you include in patient education about changes in nutritional recommendations?

A) Nutritional recommendations change when new research is performed and verified.
B) Dietary recommendations are not affected by research.
C) Initial findings from research studies often change the government's dietary recommendations.
D) There is little difference between initial findings and findings endorsed by the government.
E) It is advisable to heed initial research findings, because the government approval process takes so long.

90) A patient who is lactose sensitive should be instructed to avoid which of the following in their diet?

A) carbohydrates
B) protein
C) fiber
D) fat
E) dairy

91) To prepare a patient on how to treat a mild allergic reaction to food, which over-the-counter medication would be recommended?

A) Benadryl
B) EpiPen^®
C) aspirin
D) Tylenol
E) cortisone

92) Sodium, potassium, and chloride are examples of __________.

A) Electrolytes
B) Vitamins
C) Minerals
D) Nutrients