Chapter 4: The Legal Profession

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Protecting the client and respecting the law is a characteristic aligned with which selection below?

A. professional ideology

B. self-regulation

C. restricted access

D. specialized education

2. Identify the university that instituted a 3-year program that gradually became the norm.

A. Yale

B. Harvard

C. Princeton

D. University of Michigan

3. In what year did the American Bar Association start admitting women?

A. 1914

B. 1918

C. 1939

D. 1945

4. In 1870, which of the following was the first law school to admit women?

A. University of Wisconsin

B. University of Michigan

C. Princeton

D. University of Chicago

5. The National Bar Association was founded in ______.

A. 1870

B. 1925

C. 1878

D. 1999

6. Which university had the largest law program?

A. University of Michigan

B. University of Wisconsin

C. Harvard

D. Yale

7. Which of the following refers to enforcement of the code of ethics drafted by the bar association?

A. professional ideology

B. self-regulation

C. monopoly over expertise

D. restricted access

8. Approximately how many lawyers are female?

A. almost 90%

B. less than half

C. one quarter

D. one third

9. Identify which of the following refers to the restriction on practicing law without a license.

A. specialized education

B. restricted access

C. professional ideology

D. monopoly over expertise and skills

10. In what year was admission to the legal profession centralized in a state board of examiners in every state?

A. 1914

B. 1918

C. 1939

D. 1945

11. Identify from the selections below which was the first school to allow females.

A. University of Michigan

B. University of Chicago

C. University of Iowa

D. Harvard

12. In which year was Law school first introduced in the United States?

A. in the 1830s

B. in the 1840s

C. in the 1850s

D. in the 1860s

13. The American Bar Association was founded in what state?

A. Connecticut

B. New Mexico

C. New Jersey

D. New York

14. Identify which of the following refers to bar examination and continuing legal education limitations on practicing law across state boundaries.

A. professional ideology

B. monopoly over expertise and skills

C. restricted access

D. specialized education

15. Identify which of the following refers to the protection of the client and respect for the law.

A. professional ideology

B. self-regulation

C. monopoly over expertise and skills

D. restricted access

16. Identify which of the following focuses on legal education affiliated with universities, only available to qualified applicants.

A. self-regulation

B. monopoly over expertise and skills

C. restricted access

D. specialized education

17. African Americans were virtually excluded from the legal profession until the ______.

A. 1930s

B. 1940s

C. 1950s

D. 1960s

18. Identify from below, which case the Supreme Court upheld a challenge to a Virginia law that excluded women from the definition of a ‘person’ eligible to practice law.

A. Rust v. Sullivan

B. Bradwell v. Illinois

C. Ex Parte Lockwood

D. Chevron USA Inc v. NRDC

19. Small firm lawyers ______.

A. greatly vary in skill level of representation

B. provide equally as skilled representation as corporate lawyers

C. might provide better skilled representation than corporate lawyers

D. might provide less skilled representation than corporate lawyers

20. Equity partners ______.

A. are associates promoted to owners of the firm and share the profits

B. are associates promoted to partnerships that remain on a fixed salary

C. are original owners of the firm

D. are nonlawyers who have basic legal training and assist in performing uncomplicated legal work

21. Identify which of the following is NOT associated with white-collar crime.

A. white-collar crime is on the decrease

B. white-collar crime is on the increase

C. white-collar crime is viewed as less serious than street crime

D. white-collar crime sentences are less severe compared to other types of crime

22. Precedent is also referred to as ______.

A. voire dire

B. stare decisis

C. nollo contendere

D. parens patriae

23. Identify which school took the first steps toward making the study of law a university subject in 1758.

A. Cambridge

B. Harvard

C. University of Wisconsin

D. University of Michigan

24. Apprentices were replaced by a pool of young women who were employed as typists and stenographers ______.

A. because the development of the typewriter and other technological devices meant they were no longer needed to copy documents in long hand

B. because apprentices were now taking the route of law school in order to enter into the profession

C. because it was too expensive to have apprentices

D. because the American Bar Association banned the practice

25. The growth in the number of lawyers is associated with ______.

A. the high demand for lawyers

B. the number of women entering the legal profession

C. the number of minorities entering the field

D. the attractive pay

26. Law firms began to establish in most major cities during the ______.

A. 1840s

B. 1860s

C. 1880s

D. 1940s

27. In the past, civil and criminal trials were usually ______.

A. conducted with lawyers

B. conducted without lawyers

C. settled outside of court

D. lengthy and costly procedures

28. Identify from below, which area employs the most lawyers.

A. private practice

B. judiciary industry

C. education industry

D. government industry

29. Identify at which school the first program of legal instruction for individuals aspiring to take the state bar exam was established.

A. Harvard

B. University of Wisconsin

C. Litchfield School

D. University of Chicago

30. Identify which of the following U.S. presidents does not hold a law degree.

A. Grover Cleveland

B. James Garfield

C. Abraham Lincoln

D. George W. Bush

31. Billable hours in large firms should NOT consist of ______.

A. time required to develop the background to work on a case

B. time spent working on a case

C. time spent consulting clients

D. time required by clients for meetings

32. Small firm lawyers ______.

A. may be less likely than corporate lawyers to disregard ethical codes of professional conduct

B. may be more likely than corporate lawyers to disregard ethical codes of professional conduct

C. are equally as likely as corporate lawyers to disregard ethical codes of professional conduct

D. are not evaluated on whether they disregard ethical codes of professional conduct

33. The American Bar Association’s main goal in the early years was ______.

A. assisting members in law office management

B. limiting access to the profession by immigrants, and religious and racial minorities

C. promoting the code of ethics

D. improving professionalism

34. State attorneys general are ______.

A. appointed by congress

B. appointed by supreme court judges

C. appointed by president

D. elected

35. The latest figures from the Centers for Disease Control finds lawyers ranking on the proportion of suicides at Number ______.

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

1. Technological advancement shaped the legal profession.

2. The first African American lawyer was Arabella Mansfield.

3. The first formal program of legal instruction for individuals aspiring to take the state bar exam was established at the Litchfield School in Connecticut.

4. The American Bar Association was founded in Boston.

5. The U.S. attorney general is the chief law enforcement officer in the United States.

6. European Law Schools employ the Socratic method.

7. Paralegals are lawyers who work as secretaries while performing uncomplicated legal work.

8. Disputes were historically settled without a lawyer.

9. Lawyers are qualified to practice law after completing 3 years of law school.

10. Cambridge University took the first steps to making law a university subject.

11. Arabella Mansfield was the first female lawyer.

12. Lobbyists are a separate group of lawyers who directly advised clients, prepared documents, and negotiated settlements.

13. Blackstone’s book was the central text relied on by lawyers in England, and later in the United States, for understanding the common law.

14. A paralegal is an individual who aspired to be a lawyer and was mentored and tutored and supervised by a lawyer. In return, they would copy documents, run errands, and file papers with the court.

15. Lawyers are qualified to practice law after completing graduate school.

1. Briefly summarize the origin and intent of the American Bar Association.

2. Compare and contrast lawyers who practice law in the large corporate law firms and government lawyers.

3. Summarize the findings of ABA Commission on Women in the Profession and include the challenges women face in their personal lives and the glass ceiling impact.

4. Briefly summarize the early years of African American Lawyers.

5. Explain and discuss the concept of Professional Satisfaction and include details from both sides of findings cited.