Understanding Justice Burns Complete Test Bank - Justice System Perspective 1e | Test Bank Burns by Ronald G. Burns. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank
Criminal Justice: The System in Perspective
Ronald G. Burns
Module 7: Understanding Justice
Multiple Choice
1. Over 150 inmates were _______ in 2019, meaning that their sentences were overturned, and they were released from prison as a result of the discovery of new evidence suggesting that they did not commit the crime for which they were sentenced.
a. exonerated
b. disenfranchised
c. remitted
d. enfranchised
2. A judge sentenced a young man to pay $500 in restitution and to attend a court-ordered mediation session in which the offender and victim would meet to discuss the crime. The judge’s actions in this case most closely reflect what type of justice?
a. Environmental
b. Procedural
c. Retributive
d. Restorative
3. What type of justice considers how societies provide for the needs of their members, with particular importance given to the extent to which members of subgroups are treated equally?
a. Environmental
b. Retributive
c. Social
d. Procedural
4. Environmental justice is a subset of which type of justice?
a. Retributive
b. Social
c. Procedural
d. Restorative
5. In 1968, Herbert Packer wrote The Limits of the Criminal Sanction, in which he identified which two competing models of criminal justice?
a. The legal and illegal models
b. The internal and external models
c. The primary and secondary models
d. The due process and crime control models
6. Which model of justice-based practices proposes that aggressive and efficient enforcement of the law is the primary concern, and failure to do so results in a breakdown of public order?
a. The safe streets model
b. The crime control model
c. The internal validity model
d. The due process model
7. Which model of justice-based practices has fact-finding and reliability as key components, largely recognizes that individuals are innocent until proven guilty, and relies on formal adjudication to determine guilt?
a. The safe streets model
b. The crime control model
c. The internal validity model
d. The due process model
True/False
8. The “Black Lives Matter” movement began in 2013 after the acquittal of a Florida man in the shooting of an African American teenager.
9. Victim-offender mediation, forgiveness, and restitution are important aspects of retributive justice.
10. Although environmental injustices have occurred throughout history, the study of environmental justice did not appear until the early 1980s.
11. The basis of decision-making in the crime control model occurs in the courtroom, and discretion plays a limited role.
12. Evidence of the due process model is found in the requirement that police officers must follow procedural laws when conducting stops, searches, and arrests.
13. The error rate for the crime control model is much lower than the error rate for the due process model.
14. The crime control model unofficially suggests that individuals are generally guilty upon being arrested, which ultimately means that the use of discretion by police officers is particularly powerful.
Essay Questions
15. Compare and contrast the six different types of justice.
16. What factors influence our perceptions of justice? Which do you believe are the most influential? Discuss your responses.