Thio Complete Test Bank Physical Violence Chapter 4

CHAPTER 4: PHYSICAL VIOLENCE

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Murder is an especially serious type of deviance because

a. it is the type of deviance most involving strangers.

b. it totally disgusts most Americans.

c. its cost to the victim is forever irreparable.

d. it is a widespread form of deviance.

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 57-70

2. The factor most commonly associated with murder is

a. sex.

b. race.

c. age.

d. poverty.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 58-59

3. Homicides occur most frequently during

a. the weekdays.

b. the afternoons.

c. the morning.

d. the weekends.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 62

4. Which of the following is NOT a way poverty causes homicide?

a. The poor are more likely to have financial, marital, and other stressful problems.

b. Genetic factors cause both poverty and homicidal tendencies.

c. Poverty causes more interpersonal conflict.

d. The poor tend more to resort to physical violence to deal with interpersonal conflict.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 58-59

5. Regarding the racial backgrounds of offender and victim, murder

a. is mostly intraracial.

b. is mostly interracial.

c. is equally intraracial and interracial.

d. does not have any observable racial pattern.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 56

6. According to some sociologists, the extremely high rate of homicide in parts of the South is a striking example of

a. the massive oppression of the poor.

b. the power of the drug cartels.

c. a deep distrust of strangers.

d. a widespread culture of violence.

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 60

7. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the South is the region with the nation’s highest murder rate?

a. the “subculture of violence” in the South

b. the prevalence of rurality, forcing family members and friends to spend too much time with each other

c. the prevalence of population heterogeneity, which leads to a lack of community

d. the reduction of community integration through population dispersion

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 60-61

8. Murders committed by people who are poor are often

a. premeditated.

b. committed on impulse.

c. accidental.

d. self-inflicted.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 63

9. Research suggests that most men who kill their wives or girlfriends

a. have previously shown few violent tendencies toward their victims.

b. have previously kept their victims in abusive relations.

c. have predominantly experienced family economic problems.

d. are psychologically normal men.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 61

10. Which one of the following variables is MOST likely to be the greatest contributing factor toward murder?

a. the weather

b. one’s geographical location

c. accessibility to handguns

d. one’s socio-economic status

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 64

11. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true today?

a. Young adults from 20 to 29 are more likely than teenagers to kill.

b. Teenagers are more likely than young adults from 20 to 29 to kill.

c. Older people are more likely than young people to kill.

d. If embroiled in a quarrel, older people tend more to kill than to be killed by younger persons.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 61-62

12. If guns were less available, many heated arguments would result in

a. just about as many murders as take place at the present time.

b. more murders rather than aggravated assaults.

c. the use of weapons more deadly than guns.

d. aggravated assaults rather than murders.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 64

13. Poor people are more likely to use firearms than other weapons when they kill because guns

a. are very inexpensive to purchase.

b. provide barriers between individuals in poor neighborhoods.

c. give a sense of power to the poor.

d. are less risky to use than knives or rope.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 64

14. Which of the following statements about the characteristics of homicide is true?

a. Research suggests that lunar events do influence homicide rates.

b. Murder rates occur at about the same rate throughout the year.

c. Women are more likely to be killed at home.

d. Men are most often killed in the bedroom.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 63

15. One reason why we are more likely to be killed by those we know than by strangers is that murder most often

a. requires a great deal of planning to scheme against persons we know.

b. requires a great deal of emotion, which is more likely to be generated by intimate relations.

c. occurs in large cities and the rural South.

d. takes place in an arbitrary way, and therefore people we know have a greater chance to be a victim.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 65

16. The criminologist Marvin Wolfgang studied victims of self-precipitated murder and determined that victims

a. genuinely tried to kill their murderers but failed.

b. ingeniously planned to have their killers convicted for first-degree murder.

c. secretly wished to kill themselves.

d. merely intended to engage in a fist fight.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 66

17. One reason why more poor people commit murders over very trivial acts is

a. the impact of economic and social oppression on one’s sense of honor.

b. the poor are more deeply involved in trivial behavior.

c. the poor have more verbal rather than written or analytic skills and talk themselves into murder.

d. the role of women in the family, which causes more tension and hardship.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 65-66

18. Sociologists think that the homicide-suicide type of murder is “normal” because, after the killing, the murderer is

a. in a psychotic state.

b. able to feel remorse.

c. able to feel a sense of moral superiority.

d. anticipating an after-life reunion with the victim.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 68

19. Sociologist David Phillips discovered that some persons can conceal their suicidal wishes but carry them out with more ingenuity. He studied __________ to document this pattern of murder-suicide.

a. teenage alcoholics

b. poor, inner-city youth

c. bridge jumpers

d. airplane pilots

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 67

20. A type of murder involving killing a number of people one at a time is called

a, warm-blooded murder.

b. mass murder.

c. serial murder.

d. an adjunct to suicide.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 69-70

21. All of the following are types of mass murderers, EXCEPT for

a. murderers who stalk and torture their victims.

b. pseudocommandos.

c. team members under the direction of the charismatic leader.

d. disgruntled employees.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 69-70

22. According to the “Social Profile of Serial Killers,” which of the following statements about serial killers is probably UNTRUE?

a. They are mostly college educated.

b. They are mostly white men in their late 20s or 30s.

c. They are most likely to kill strangers.

d. They are motivated by an intense desire for power and sadism.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 70

23. This type of killing is done to save the “face” and “name” of the family.

a. mercy killing

b. honor killing

c. family killing

d. communal killing

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 71

24. School violence is caused by all of the following, except for

a. increased availability of guns.

b. media violence.

c. violent sports competition.

d. the culture of violence.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 71-72

25. Which of the following statements about school violence is TRUE?

a. School violence is relatively common in America today.

b. The environment of the school has little impact on school violence.

c. A school environment conducive to school violence seriously affects only a few students.

d. Northern states like New York and New Jersey have more firearm deaths among children than other areas.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 71-72

26. Pursuing someone in a way that creates fear of being assaulted or killed is called

a) stalking.

b) aggravated assault.

c) domestic terrorism.

d) harassment.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 72-73

27. Which of the following is TRUE about stalking?

a. Stalkers usually pick strangers to follow and threaten.

b. Stalking helps distract people from other kinds of deviance.

c. Most stalkers know their victims.

d. Most stalkers are psychologically normal.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 72-73

28. Hate-motivated killers

a. personally know their victims.

b. are very common in the U.S. today.

c. are more likely to belong to an organized hate group.

d. mostly attack members of their own racial or religious groups.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 74

29. Which of the following is NOT a type of hate killer?

a. thrill hate killers

b. defensive hate killers

c. mission hate killers

d. racist hate killers

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 74

30. The wholesale killing of members of a racial or ethnic group is the definition of

a. hate killing.

b. genocide.

c. terrorism.

d. mission killing.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 74-76

31. The perpetrators of genocide are

a. monsters, psychopaths, and sadists.

b. mostly normal people.

c. strongly resisted by their country’s average citizens.

d. never upset about what they were doing.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 74-76

32. Which of the following is NOT a theory that attempts to explain genocide?

a. Genocide is based on the physical and psychological separation between perpetrators and victims.

b. Genocide is based on obedience to authority.

c. Genocide is based on power.

d. Genocide is based on personal prejudice.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 74-76

33. With terrorism, the victims are usually

a. political leaders.

b. followers of a certain religion.

c. innocent citizens.

d. military personnel.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 76-77

34. The terrorists who attacked the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, were

a. most likely insane.

b. loyal members of a religious group.

c. purely evil persons.

d. psychologically frustrated men.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 76-77

35. Which of the following reflects a cultural approach to combating terrorism?

a. seeking support from around the world to fight terrorism

b. totally destroying al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations

c. appearing on television to counter anti-American bias

d. converting as many Muslims as possible to Christianity

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 76-77

36. According to external restraint theory, suicide and homicide are

a. both acts of aggression resulting from frustration.

b. essentially different forms of deviant behavior.

c. both caused by subcultures of violence.

d. caused by psychological forces.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 78-79

37. The external restraint theory holds that

a. weak external restraint leads to homicide.

b. strong external restraint leads to homicide.

c. strong external restraint leads to suicide.

d. weak internal restraint leads to weak external restraints.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 78-79

38. Gold attempted to add to external restraint theory by arguing that socialization plays a role in determining who becomes a murderer. He felt that

a. physical punishment in childhood leads to homicide.

b. physical punishment in childhood leads to suicide.

c. psychological punishment in childhood leads to homicide.

d. a combination of physical and psychological punishment leads to suicide.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 78-79

39. According to Marvin Wolfgang’s subculture of violence theory, the subculture upholds all of the following practices, EXCEPT for

a. defining personal assaults as proper and justified.

b. approving quick resort to physical aggression.

c. providing strong external restraints leading to homicide.

d. treating violence as a familiar and often deadly partner in life’s struggles.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 79

40. According to the subculture of violence theory, the poor are more violent than people in the larger culture because

a. the poor are psychologically weak and cannot resist the subculture.

b. the poor are genetically more inclined to violence.

c. the larger culture is more violent and thus avoided by the poor.

d. the violent subculture has a powerful grip on the poor.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 79

41. The author of the text points to recent studies that suggest the cause of higher violence rates among poor African Americans is

a. the culture of violence.

b. violent media programs and video games.

c. rapid social change.

d. poverty and social inequality.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 79

42. Evidence shows that the murder rates in states with capital punishment are

a. higher.

b. lower.

c. almost undetectable.

d. about the same.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 80-82

43. Most evidence about the impact of capital punishment on murder rates supports the conclusion that capital punishment

a. has greatly deterred murder in other cultures but not in America.

b. greatly increases the number of murders committed.

c. is an effective deterrent to murder.

d. is not an effective deterrent to murder.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 80-82

44. According to the author, one reason why people advocate the death penalty, even though it does not act as a deterrent, is because

a. it prevents the murderer from doing harm to others again.

b. it helps distract people from other kinds of deviance.

c. Americans have developed civilized ways of killing people.

d. many American religions call for the execution of murderers.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 80-82

45. Of all the variables mentioned, this has the most significant effect when it come to murder.

a. sex

b. race

c. age

d. poverty

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 59

True/False Questions

1. Aggravated assault involves an atrocious attack with the intent to kill or the use of a deadly weapon.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 58

2. There is a correlation between the type of murders and one’s socio-economic status.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 59-60

3. Most murders are committed by the victims’ acquaintances, friends, lovers, or relatives.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 64-65

4. Most murders are committed by strangers.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 64-65

5. Most murders are inter-racial.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 59

6. Murderers are pretty well represented in all of the major social classes.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page-Reference: 62

7. Most murders are committed by strangers.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 64-65

8. When it comes to the murder of women, the home is more dangerous than the streets.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 64-65

9. The United States has about the same homicide rate as most industrialized countries in Europe.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 71

10. Compared to other developed countries, the United States has the lowest homicide rates.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 71

11. Most homicides are committed by strangers.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 64

12. Blacks are more likely to kill other blacks than whites, while whites tend to murder other whites rather than blacks.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 57

13. Most murders are intra-racial.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page-Reference: 57

14. When it comes to murders committed by women, they tend to kill those of the same sex.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 61

15. Saturday night is the most popular time for committing murder.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 62

16. Firearms in themselves cannot cause homicide because they are simply a means to kill.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 63-64

17. Were guns less available, many heated arguments might have resulted in aggravated assaults rather than murders.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 64

18. We are far less likely to become victims of cold-blooded murders carried out by strangers than we are likely to die from warm-blooded emotional murders at the hands of relatives and acquaintances.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 64

19. We are more likely to be victims of cold-blooded murder than warm-blooded murders.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 64-65

20. Members of the lower class tend to commit premeditated murders more than impulse murders.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 59

21. According to Wolfgang’s studies, many self-precipitated murder victims may have secretly wanted to kill themselves.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page-Reference: 66

22. It is unheard of for a man to kill another as a way of settling an argument over a one-dollar debt.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 66-67

23. People from the lower income strata tend to commit murders over trivial matters.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 66-67

24. Both sociologists and psychiatrists tend to see homicide-suicide as a symptom of psychological abnormality.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page-Reference: 68

25. Despite the shocking nature of their crime, most mass murderers are not mentally ill.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 69

26. Juvenile killings are now a relatively common event in U.S. schools.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 71-72

27. Most stalkers are loners, mentally unhealthy, and socially incompetent.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 72

28. Most hate-motivated killers act alone, often having stalked their victims for weeks or months.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 74

29. According to the subculture of violence theory, beliefs in using violence to solve interpersonal problems, especially among the poor, gives rise to higher homicide rates.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page-Reference: 78-79

30. The perpetrators of genocide are normal people who are following orders to kill.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 75

31. Terrorism is not considered deviant behavior because it usually involves one government’s attack upon another.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 76-77

32. Henry and Sort’s external restraint theory assumes that frustration alone may cause homicide but not suicide.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 78-79

33. There is strong evidence to show that homicide rates are lower in the states that still retain capital punishment than in those that have abolished it.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page-Reference: 80-82

34. Serial killers are generally insane.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 70

35. According to Wolfgang’s studies, many self-precipitated murder victims may have had a secret death wish.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 79

36. Most murders are committed by someone the victim knows.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 64-65

37. The death penalty is an excellent deterrent to murder.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 80-82

Fill-In Questions

1. _____________ is a crime most often committed by relatives and acquaintances rather than strangers.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 64

2. In poor neighborhoods, the most common method of killing is the use of a __________.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 63-64

Answer : firearm

3. Most serial killers appear very __________.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 69-70

4. _________murder involves killing a number of people at about the same time and place and is extremely rare.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 69

5. _____________killers are more likely to target gays and African Americans and use their killing to intimidate the entire group of which the victim is a member.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 74

6. __________restraint theory is intended to show why some people who are frustrated commit suicide, whereas others who are just as frustrated turn to homicide.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 78-79

Essay

1. Discuss some of the reasons why America has such a high homicide rate. What factors seem to account for this high rate, especially in comparison to other cultures?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 71

2. Analyze the problem of stalking. What kinds of people engage in stalking and what are the consequences of their behavior for their victims? What can victims do to counteract stalking?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 72-73

3. Discuss the problems posed by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on America. How should Americans think about the terrorists, based on ideas in the chapter? How should the government respond to this attack?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 76

4. Compare and contrast the two major sociological theories of physical violence. That is, what is the main idea of each theory, and how do they differ from each other? Which theory seems to explain the most violence?

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 78-79

5. State and defend your position on the death penalty. Are you for or against it? Why?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 80-82

6. Is the death penalty an effective deterrent to committing murder? If so, why? If not, why not?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 80-82

7. Are there differences, if any, between murders committed by the poor compared to those committed by members of the middle and upper classes?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 58-64

8. Describe a serial killer. How is the public’s perception of serial killers different from the reality?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 70

9. Compare and contrast the homicide rates of the U.S. and that of other countries.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 71

10. Describe the role mental illness plays in school shootings. With this information in mind, propose a solution for reducing cases of school violence.

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 71-72