The Trade-Off Between Risk And Return Test Bank Docx Ch.6 - Corporate Finance Asia Pacific 2e Complete Test Bank by Chris Adam. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 6 – The trade-off between risk and return
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an example of systematic risk?
a. | BHP Billiton posts lower than expected earnings. |
b. | Woolworths announces record earnings. |
c. | The government raises interest rates unexpectedly. |
d. | Coca-Cola announces higher than expected earnings. |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
2. Which of the following is an example of unsystematic risk?
a. | Rio Tinto posts lower than expected earnings. |
b. | The government raises interest rates unexpectedly. |
c. | The rate of inflation is higher than expected. |
d. | The national trade deficit is higher than expected. |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
3. What do you call the portion of your total return on a share investment that has resulted from an increase in the value of the share?
a. | Dividend yield |
b. | Risk-free return |
c. | Capital gain |
d. | Required rate of return |
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
4. What is one of the most important lessons from capital market history?
a. | Risk does not matter. |
b. | There is a positive relationship between risk and return. |
c. | You are always better off investing in shares. |
d. | T-bills are the highest-yielding investment. |
REF: 6.2 The History of Returns NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
5. What is the purpose of diversification?
a. | To maximise possible returns |
b. | To increase the risk of your portfolio |
c. | To lower the overall risk of your portfolio |
d. | To minimise possible returns |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
Use the following information to answer questions 6 to 8.
Use the following information to answer questions 6 to 8.
You bought a Bavarian Sausage, Inc. share for $42.50 at the beginning of the year. During the year, the share paid a $2.50 dividend and at the end of the year it traded at $55.65.
6. What is the total return of your share investment?
a. | 36.82% |
b. | 13.44% |
c. | 26.69% |
d. | 19.35% |
(55.65 + 2.50 – 42.50)/42.50 = 0.3682
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
7. What is the capital gain on your share investment?
a. | 30.94% |
b. | 13.44% |
c. | 19.35% |
d. | 28.24% |
(55.65 – 42.50)/42.50 = 0.3094
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
8. What is the total dollar return on your investment?
a. | $9.00 |
b. | $15.65 |
c. | $6.25 |
d. | $52.75 |
55.65 + 2.50 – 42.50 = 15.65
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
Use the following information to answer questions 9 and 10.
Use the following information to answer questions 9 and 10.
You bought a Bavarian Sausage, Inc. share for $44.50 at the beginning of the year. During the year, the share paid a $2.50 dividend and at the end of the year it traded at $42.50.
9. What is the total return on your investment?
a. | 2.15% |
b. | –3.76% |
c. | 8.06% |
d. | 1.12% |
(42.50 + 2.50 – 44.50)/44.50 = 0.0112
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
10. What is the capital gains yield of your investment?
a. | 2.15% |
b. | –3.76% |
c. | -8.06% |
d. | -4.71% |
(42.50 – 44.50)/42.50 = –0.0471
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
11. If the return on your ordinary share investment is on average 20% and the return on Treasury bills was 6% over the same period, what is the risk premium that you earned?
a. | 23% |
b. | 13% |
c. | 14% |
d. | 5% |
20 – 6 = 14
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.2 The History of Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
Use the following information to answer questions 12 to 19.
Year | Return | ||
Share A | Share B | Share C | |
1 | 12% | 14% | 6% |
2 | 22% | 16% | -5% |
3 | 6% | 10% | 9% |
4 | 14% | 26% | 2% |
5 | 3% | 4% | 14% |
12. What is the variance of returns for Share A?
a. | 0.00607 |
b. | 0.00653 |
c. | 0.00655 |
d. | 0.004384 |
Avg. = (0.12 + 0.22 + 0.06 + 0.14 + 0.03)/5 = 0.114
Var. = 0.004384
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
13. What is the standard deviation of returns for Share A?
a. | 8.09% |
b. | 8.08% |
c. | 7.79% |
d. | 6.62% |
0.004384(1/2) = 0.0662
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
14. What is the variance of returns for Share B?
a. | 0.00653 |
b. | 0.00607 |
c. | 0.00528 |
d. | 0.00721 |
Avg. = 0.14
Var. = 0.00528
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
15. What is the standard deviation of returns for Share C?
a. | 7.79% |
b. | 8.52% |
c. | 8.09% |
d. | 6.52% |
Avg. = 0.052
Var. = 0.0042512
Standard deviation = 0.065201
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
16. What is the average return for Share A?
a. | 12.6% |
b. | 13.8% |
c. | 11.40% |
d. | 8.26% |
Avg. = (0.12 + 0.22 + 0.06 + 0.14 + 0.03)/5 = 0.114
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
17. What is the average return of Share B?
a. | 13.8% |
b. | 12.6% |
c. | 14.00% |
d. | 8.52% |
(0.14 + 0.16 + 0.10 + 0.26 + 0.04)/5 = 0.14
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
18. What is the average return of Share C?
a. | 13.8% |
b. | 12.6% |
c. | 5.00% |
d. | 5.20% |
(0.06 – 0.05 + 0.09 + 0.02 + 0.14)/5 = 0.052
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
19. What is the average return of a portfolio that has 30% invested in Share A, 30% invested in Share B and 40% invested in Share C?
a. | 9.92% |
b. | 9.70% |
c. | 7.59% |
d. | 13.8% |
0.3(0.14) + 0.3(0.114) + 0.4(0.052) = 0.097
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
20. Bavarian Sausage’s shares have an average historical return of 16.8% and a standard deviation of 5.9%. In which range do you expect the returns of Bavarian Sausage to be 95% of the time?
a. | 5.7%–26.9% |
b. | 5.3%–16.3% |
c. | 5.00% - 28.6% |
d. | 6.2%–18.5% |
16.8 ± 2(5.9) = 5.00 to 28.6
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
21. Bavarian Sausage’s shares have an average historical return of 16.8% and a standard deviation of 5.9%. In which range do you expect the returns of Bavarian Sausage to be 68% of the time?
a. | 5.7%–26.9% |
b. | 5.3%–16.3% |
c. | 11.00%–21.6% |
d. | 10.9% - 22.7% |
16.8 ± 5.9 = 10.9 to 22.7
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
22. Bavarian Sausage’s shares have an average historical return of 16.3% and a standard deviation of 5.3%. What is the probability that the return on Bavarian Sausage will be less than 11%?
a. | 84% |
b. | 50% |
c. | 16% |
d. | 32% |
1 – 0.5 – 0.34 = 0.16
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
23. Bavarian Sausage’s shares have an average historical return of 16.3% and a standard deviation of 5.3%. What is the probability that the return on Bavarian Sausage will be higher than 26.9%?
a. | 5% |
b. | 2.5% |
c. | 16% |
d. | 95% |
26.9 = 16.3 + 2(5.3)
Probability = 1 – 0.5 – 0.475 = 0.025
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
24. Which of the following is not part of the procedure for valuing a risky asset?
a. | Determining the asset’s expected cash flows |
b. | Choosing a discount rate that reflects the asset’s risk |
c. | Calculating the present value |
d. | Determining whether the project is mutually exclusive |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
25. If you were to purchase an asset for $110 today and receive a dividend of $5 at the end of the year in addition to selling the asset for $120, then what would the capital gain on the asset be?
a. | 15% |
b. | 10% |
c. | 9.09% |
d. | 20% |
(120 – 110)/11
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
26. You purchased a 10-year, 6% coupon bond (the bond makes semiannual payments) last year based upon a discount rate of 6%. One year later the discount rate has fallen to 5.5%. What is your total return on the bond?
a. | 6.000% |
b. | 3.512% |
c. | 9.512% |
d. | 12.512% |
Price at purchase = 1000
Price on year later = 30PVIFA(19,5.5%) + 1000PVIFA(19,5.5%) = 1035.12
Cash received during the year = 2 × 30 = 60
Total return = (35.12 + 60)/1000 = 0.09512
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: understand shares and bonds
27. You purchased WPC ordinary shares for $48 one year ago. You have received total dividends equal to $6 during the year. If your total return during the period is 14%, then what is the price of WPC if you sell the share today?
a. | $52.00 |
b. | $48.72 |
c. | $98.00 |
d. | $90.00 |
0.14 = (6/48) + [(P – 48)/48] ===> P = 48.72
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
28. You purchased a share of Blue McBrushes Corp. one year ago for $80, and it generated a total return of 20% during that time. If you just sold the share for $89.50, then what were the total dividends that you received during the year?
a. | $12.50 |
b. | $12.73 |
c. | $13.18 |
d. | $6.50 |
0.2 = (d/80) + [(89.5 – 80)/80] ===> d = 6.50
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
29. The additional return offered by a more risky investment relative to a safer one is called:
a. | the risk-free rate |
b. | the risky return |
c. | the risk premium |
d. | the insurance premium |
REF: 6.2 The History of Returns NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
30. You are analysing the performance of different asset classes for a foreign economy. You find that over the last 60 years the average annual return for equities was 12%, the average annual return for corporate bonds was 10% and the rate of inflation was about 3%. If inflation were projected to be around 1% for the foreseeable future, then what would you project the return on equities to be during that same foreseeable period?
a. | 12% |
b. | 11% |
c. | 10% |
d. | 9% |
0.01 + (0.12 – 0.03) = 0.10
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.2 The History of Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
31. The statistical term variance is defined as:
a. | the expected value of deviations from the mean |
b. | the expected value of squared deviations from the mean |
c. | the sum of squared deviations from the mean |
d. | the sum of squared deviations from the mean divided by the number of observations available |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
32. You are introduced to an investment that has an expected return of 20%, equal to the standard deviation of the distribution of returns. What is the probability that the investment will lose some of your initial investment in the first year?
a. | 50% |
b. | 34% |
c. | 16% |
d. | There is not enough information to answer the question. |
Expected return = Standard deviation = 0.2
PInvestment loss = PReturn < 0
One standard deviation to the left of the expected return = 0.20 – 0.20 = 0
===> PReturn < 0 = 0.16 = 0.50 – 0.34
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
33. You are introduced to an investment that has an expected return of 20%, equal to the standard deviation of the distribution of returns. What is the probability that the investment will have a return less than 20% in the first year? Assume a normal distribution.
a. | 0% |
b. | 50% |
c. | 68% |
d. | There is not enough information to answer the question. |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
34. Your family has invested in a security over the last 100 years. The expected return during that period has been 0.15 and the variance of the returns has been 0.048. Your investment advisor told you that the security had a 95th percentile performance (with respect to its historical performance) this period. What was the actual return during the period?
a. | 15.0% |
b. | 19.8% |
c. | 37.0% |
d. | 58.8% |
EX = 0.15
Var.X = 0.048 ==> Std. dev.X = 0.219
Return = 0.15 + 2(0.219) = 0.15 + 0.438 = 0.588
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
35. Over the last three years you have earned 5%, 7% and 9% on your portfolio. What is the standard deviation of the returns of that portfolio?
a. | 0.07 |
b. | 0.02 |
c. | 0.0004 |
d. | 0.04 |
EX = (0.05 + 0.07 + 0.09)/3 = 0.07
Var.X = [((0.05 – 0.07)2 + (0.07 – 0.07)2 + (0.09 – 0.07)2]/(3 – 1) = 0.0004
Std. dev.X = (0.0004)1/2 = 0.02
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
36. You have it on good account that the probability of good returns on energy investments is equal to that of poor returns. If we define good returns as 100% and poor returns as 50%, then what is the probability of getting an exact return of 75% in the next year?
a. | 50% |
b. | 25% |
c. | 0% |
d. | There is not enough information to answer the question. |
Two possibilities on any given draw: 100% or 50% ===> P50% return = 0
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
37. If you were to plot the returns of asset classes on a graph with the standard deviation on the horizontal axis and expected returns on the vertical axis, then which security class is most likely to be in the farthest upper right corner of the graph?
a. | Treasury bills |
b. | Treasury bonds |
c. | Corporate bonds |
d. | Shares |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
38. Which of the following asset classes would give you the greatest probability of achieving a return that is closest to its expected return?
a. | Treasury bills |
b. | Treasury bonds |
c. | Corporate bonds |
d. | Shares |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
39. You are presented with 4 distinct investment opportunities involving a Treasury bill, a Treasury bond, a corporate bond, and a share. You are told that each of these investments are expected to produce (after the cash is paid out then no other cash flows are anticipated) $100 one year from now. Which asset should be the least expensive today, in terms of dollars that you will have to pay for the asset?
a. | Treasury bills |
b. | Treasury bonds |
c. | Corporate bonds |
d. | Shares |
Greatest risk ===> Greatest discount rate ===> Cheapest price today
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
40. If the standard deviation of a diversified portfolio is 20% and the shares in that portfolio are positively correlated, then what would we expect the average standard deviation of shares in that portfolio to be?
a. | Less than 20% |
b. | 20% |
c. | Greater than 20% |
d. | The percentage of each share invested is needed to determine the answer. |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
41. If we are able to eliminate all of the unsystematic risk in a portfolio then, what is the result?
a. | A risk-free portfolio |
b. | A portfolio that contains only systematic risk |
c. | A portfolio that has an expected return of zero |
d. | Such a portfolio cannot be constructed; there is always unsystematic risk in any portfolio. |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
Use the following information to answer questions 42 and 43.
Between 2004 and 2017, Hillary Investments produced returns as follows:
2004 | 8% |
2014 | 3% |
2015 | –1% |
2016 | –5% |
2017 | –3% |
42. Calculate the expected return for Hillary Investments.
a. | 0.003 |
b. | 0.004 |
c. | 0.005 |
d. | 0.006 |
(0.08 + 0.03 + –0.01 + –0.05 + –0.03)/5 = 0.004
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
43. What is the variance of the return of Hillary Investments?
a. | 0.01072 |
b. | 0.00268 |
c. | 0.00214 |
d. | 0.0011 |
Var. = (0.08 – 0.004)2 + (0.03 – 0.004)2 + (–0.01 – 0.004)2 + (–0.05 – 0.004)2 + (–0.03 – 0.004)2
(5 – 1)
Var. = 0.00268
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
Use the following information to answer questions 44 and 45.
Suppose that an investor bought a bond last year for $980. The bond pays a 7% annual coupon and has a face value of $1000. Today, the same bond is selling for $960.
44. Refer to Exhibit 6-1. If the investor sells the bond this morning, what is the total dollar return of the investment?
a. | –$40 |
b. | $30 |
c. | $50 |
d. | $70 |
70 + (–20) = 50
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
45. Refer to Exhibit 6-1. If the investor sells the bond this morning, what is the total percentage return of the investment?
a. | 5.10% |
b. | 5.21% |
c. | 7.00% |
d. | 9.18% |
r = [70 + (960 – 980)]/980 = 0.0510
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
Use the following information to answer questions 46 to 48.
One year ago, Jason purchased 50 shares of Terry Corporation at $20 per share. Today, one year later, it pays a $2 per share dividend and the price is now $22 per share.
46. Refer to Terry Corporation. What is the total dollar return on the investment for the one year?
a. | $4 |
b. | $50 |
c. | $75 |
d. | $200 |
Last year = 50 × 20 = 1000
This year = 50 × (22 + 2) = 1200
Dollar gain = 1200 – 1000 = 200
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
47. Refer to Terry Corporation. What is the total percentage return on the investment for the one year?
a. | 9.09% |
b. | 10.00% |
c. | 18.18% |
d. | 20.00% |
r = [2 + (22 – 20)]/20 = 4/20 = 0.20
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
48. Refer to Terry Corporation. What is the capital gains yield on the investment for the one year?
a. | 9.09% |
b. | 10.00% |
c. | 18.18% |
d. | 20.00% |
Capital gain = (22 – 20)/20 = 0.10
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
49. What is the risk premium?
a. | It is the risk associated with investing in Treasury bonds. |
b. | It is the difference in annual returns between ordinary shares and Treasury bills. |
c. | It is the annual return associated with investing in Treasury bonds. |
d. | It is the variance in share market returns over the last 50 years. |
REF: 6.2 The History of Returns NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
Use the following information to answer questions 50 to 52.
Consider the following historical returns for Big Diesel Incorporated:
Year | Return |
2004 | 5% |
2014 | 9% |
2015 | –8% |
2016 | 5% |
2017 | 20% |
50. Refer to Big Diesel Incorporated. What is the average return over the five-year period?
a. | 6.00% |
b. | 6.20% |
c. | 6.40% |
d. | 6.60% |
Avg. return = (0.05 + 0.09 – 0.08 + 0.05 + 0.20)/5 = 0.31/5 = 0.062
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
51. Refer to Big Diesel Incorporated. What is the standard deviation of the returns over the five-year period?
a. | 8.97% |
b. | 9.25% |
c. | 9.74% |
d. | 10.03% |
Avg. return = (0.05 + 0.09 – 0.08 + 0.05 + 0.20)/5 = 0.31/5 = 0.062
Sum of σ2 = (0.05 – 0.062)2 + (0.09 –0.062)2 + (–0.08 – 0.062)2 + (0.05 – 0.062)2 + (0.2 – 0.062)2
Sum of σ2 = 0.04028
Standard deviation = (1/4 × 0.04028)0.5 = 0.1003
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
52. Refer to Big Diesel Incorporated. If we assume that these returns represent the full sample of Big Diesel’s returns, what is the 95% confidence interval for Big Diesel’s returns next year?
a. | between –13.86% and 26.26% |
b. | between –11.74% and 42.08% |
c. | between 6.20% and 20.06% |
d. | between –3.83% and 17.94% |
Avg. return = (0.05 + 0.09 - 0.08 + 0.05 + 0.20)/5 = 0.31/5 = 0.062
Sum of σ2 = (0.05 – 0.062)2 + (0.09 – 0.062)2 + (–0.08 – 0.062)2 + (0.05 – 0.062)2 + (0.2 – 0.062)2
Sum of σ2 = 0.04028
Standard deviation = (1/4 × 0.04028)0.5 =0.1003
0.062 ± 2 × 0.1003 = –0.1386, 0.2686
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
53. Consider the following historical returns for Big Diesel and inflation for the Australian economy:
Year | Big Diesel, Inc. Return | Inflation |
2004 | 5% | 2.00% |
2014 | 9% | 2.00% |
2015 | –8% | 2.20% |
2016 | 5% | 2.20% |
2017 | 20% | 2.20% |
What is the average real return for Big Diesel over the five-year time period?
a. | 2.92% |
b. | 3.40% |
c. | 4.00% |
d. | 4.12% |
Avg. nominal return = (0.05 + 0.09 – 0.08 + 0.05 + 0.20)/5 = 0.31/5 = 0.062
Avg. inflation = (0.02 + 0.02 + 0.022 + 0.022 + 0.022) = 0.106/5 = 0.0212
1 + Avg. real return = (1 + Nominal)/(1 + Inflation) = (1.062)/(1.0212) = 1.04
Avg. real return = 4.00%
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
54. Inflation, recession and higher interest rates are economic events that are characterised as:
a. | company-specific risk that can be diversified away |
b. | market risk |
c. | systematic risk that can be diversified away |
d. | diversifiable risk |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
55. A financial publication states that Stone Cold shares had a return of 18% last year. If the price of Stone Cold went from $22 to $22.80 over the last year, what dividend was paid?
a. | $2.00 |
b. | $3.16 |
c. | $2.25 |
d. | $2.36 |
0.18 = [x + (22.80 – $22)]/22
3.96 = x + 0.80
x = 3.16
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
56. A financial publication states that Stone Cold shares had a return of 15% last year. If the price of Stone Cold went from $20 to $20.75 over the last year, what was the dividend yield over the last year?
a. | 10.25% |
b. | 11.25% |
c. | 13.25% |
d. | 14.25% |
0.15 = [x + (20.75 – $20)]/20
3 = x + 0.75
x = 2.25
Dividend yield = 2.25/20 = 0.1125
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
Exhibit 6-2
You purchased a bond last year that pays an 8% annual coupon with a face value of $1000. At the time of purchase, the bond had a yield to maturity of 10% and had 10 years until maturity. Today, the bond trades at a yield to maturity of 9%.
57. Refer to Exhibit 6-2. What was the dollar return of this investment over the last year? (Round to the nearest dollar.)
a. | $80 |
b. | $93 |
c. | $143 |
d. | $160 |
Bond price last year:
N = 10
I = 10%
PMT = 80
FV = 1000
PV = 877.11
Bond price today:
N = 9
I = 9%
PMT = 80
FV = 1000
PV = 940.05
Dollar return = 80 + 940.05 – 877.11 = 142.94
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
58. Refer to Exhibit 6-2. What was the percentage return of this investment over the last year?
a. | 8.00% |
b. | 9.00% |
c. | 15.21% |
d. | 16.30% |
Bond price last year:
N = 10
I = 10%
PMT = 80
FV = 1000
PV = 877.11
Bond price today:
N = 9
I = 9%
PMT = 80
FV = 1000
PV = 940.05
Percentage return = (80 + 940.05 – 877.11)/877.11 = 0.1630
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
59. An investor seeks a 4% real return on his investment in a share fund. If there is 3% inflation in the economy, what nominal return must this share fund provide to meet his objective?
a. | 1% |
b. | 4% |
c. | 7.12% |
d. | 9.71% |
1 + Real = (1 + Nominal)/(1 + Inflation)
1.04 = (1 + x)/(1.03)
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.2 The History of Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
60. Which statement is false regarding risk and return?
a. | For broad asset classes, the relationship between risk and return is nearly linear. |
b. | Adding multiple shares to a portfolio can reduce non-systematic risk. |
c. | There is a nearly linear relationship between risk and return for individual shares. |
d. | Because investors can easily eliminate risk through diversification, investors should only be rewarded for non-diversifiable risk. |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
61. Which of these is/are true regarding risk and return?
Statement I: Diversification is the process of removing systematic risk from a portfolio. |
Statement II: In general, the greater the risk, the greater the return required by an investor. |
Statement III: Investors should focus on real returns if they are concerned about the purchasing power of their wealth. |
a. | Statement I only |
b. | Statements I and III only |
c. | Statements II and III only |
d. | Statements I and II only |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
Exhibit 6-3
Consider the following information concerning share returns and bond returns over the last 75 years:
Average return | 1942–2017 |
Shares | 11.7% |
Treasury bills | 4.1% |
62. Refer to Exhibit 6-3. Currently, Treasury bills yield 2.50% on the secondary market. What is a good estimate for the return on the share market in the next year given this information?
a. | 6.60% |
b. | 7.60% |
c. | 10.10% |
d. | 11.70% |
Risk premium = 0.117 – 0.041 = 0.076
Return = T-bill + Risk premium = 0.025 + 0.076
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.2 The History of Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
63. Refer to Exhibit 6-3. Currently, investors want a 12% return on shares as a whole. Based on this information, what is a good estimate for the current return on Treasury bills?
a. | 4.10% |
b. | 4.40% |
c. | 7.20% |
d. | 7.60% |
Risk premium = 0.117 – 0.041 = 0.076
Return = T-bill + Risk premium = x + 0.076 = 0.12
x = 0.0440
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.2 The History of Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
64. A bond was purchased last year for $900. The bond pays a 10% annual coupon and has a face value of $1000. Today, the bond has a coupon yield of 8%. What is the total return for this bond over the last year?
a. | 8% |
b. | 10% |
c. | 39% |
d. | 50% |
Price today:
Coupon yield = 0.08 = 100/Today’s price
Today’s price = 1250
Total return = (100 + 1250 – 900)/ 900 = 0.50
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
65. Which statement is true regarding diversification?
a. | The greater the systematic risk, the greater the return required by the investor. |
b. | The greater the diversifiable risk, the greater the return required by the investor. |
c. | We are able to remove all systematic risk if enough shares are added to a portfolio. |
d. | Systematic risk is diversifiable. |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
66. A brochure for an investment company reports average nominal returns of 9% per year. If the economy has averaged 3% inflation over these years, what is the average real return for this investment company?
a. | 3.00% |
b. | 5.83% |
c. | 6.00% |
d. | 9.00% |
1 + Real = (1 + Nominal)/(1 + Inflation)
Real = (1 .09)/(1.03) – 1 = 0.0583
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
67. Suppose you are interested in the following two shares:
Share | Expected return |
Alpha | 10% |
Beta | 6% |
What is your expected portfolio return if you put 40% of you investment in Alpha and 60% of your investment in Beta?
a. | 7.20% |
b. | 7.60% |
c. | 8.00% |
d. | 8.40% |
0.4 × 0.10 + 0.6 × 0.06 = 0.0760
PTS: 1 DIF: M
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
68. A share was purchased two years ago for $20. The share does not pay dividends and sells today for $26.00. If sold today, what would be the annual realised return on your investment?
a. | 9% |
b. | 12% |
c. | 14% |
d. | 15% |
N = 2
PV = –20
PMT = 0
FV = 26
I = 14%
PTS: 1 DIF: H
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
69. Based upon a histogram of nominal returns on equities for the last 100 years, we can conjecture that share returns follow a __________ distribution.
a. | normal |
b. | skewed |
c. | uniform |
d. | binomial |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
70. A normal distribution is:
a. | skewed |
b. | symmetrical |
c. | uniform |
d. | binomial |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
71. Which of the following statements is true?
a. | While asset classes with higher standard deviations tend to have higher returns, this relationship seems to break down for specific securities. |
b. | Asset classes with higher standard deviations tend to have higher returns, and this relationship tends to hold true when examining specific securities as well. |
c. | Asset classes with higher standard deviations tend to have higher returns, but when we examine specific assets within those classes, we find that high standard deviation securities tend to have lower returns. |
d. | While asset classes with higher standard deviations tend to have lower returns, this relationship seems to break down for specific securities. |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
72. Investors should expect to be compensated for bearing __________ risk, but they should not expect to be compensated for bearing __________ risk.
a. | unsystematic; systematic |
b. | systematic; unsystematic |
c. | total; systematic |
d. | total; unsystematic |
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification NAT: Reflective thinking
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
73. Consider the adjusted closing prices for Louis shares.
Year | Adjusted price |
2017 | $15.00 |
2016 | $16.00 |
2015 | $14.00 |
2014 | $12.00 |
2003 | $8.00 |
What is the variance of returns for Louis shares?
a. | 0.041 |
b. | 0.054 |
c. | 0.233 |
d. | 0.202 |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
74. Consider the adjusted closing prices for Louis shares.
Year | Adjusted price |
2017 | $15.00 |
2016 | $16.00 |
2015 | $14.00 |
2014 | $12.00 |
2013 | $8.00 |
What is the standard deviation of returns for Louis shares?
a. | 0.041 |
b. | 0.054 |
c. | 0.233 |
d. | 0.202 |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
75. Consider the adjusted closing prices for Roxy shares.
Year | Adjusted price |
2017 | $26.00 |
2016 | $24.00 |
2015 | $21.00 |
2014 | $22.00 |
2013 | $20.00 |
What is the variance of returns for Roxy shares?
a. | 0.005 |
b. | 0.007 |
c. | 0.081 |
d. | 0.070 |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
76. Consider the adjusted closing prices for Roxy shares.
Year | Adjusted price |
2017 | $26.00 |
2016 | $24.00 |
2015 | $21.00 |
2014 | $22.00 |
2013 | $20.00 |
What is the standard deviation of returns for Roxy shares?
a. | 0.005 |
b. | 0.007 |
c. | 0.081 |
d. | 0.070 |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
77. Consider the adjusted closing prices for MA shares.
Year | Adjusted price |
2017 | $37.00 |
2016 | $34.00 |
2015 | $36.00 |
2014 | $35.00 |
2013 | $35.00 |
What is the variance of returns for MA shares?
a. | 0.003 |
b. | 0.004 |
c. | 0.060 |
d. | 0.052 |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
78. Consider the adjusted closing prices for MA shares.
Year | Adjusted price | |
2017 | $37.00 | |
2016 | $34.00 | |
2015 | $36.00 | |
2014 | $35.00 | |
2013 | $35.00 |
What is the variance of returns for MA shares?
a. | 0.003 |
b. | 0.004 |
c. | 0.060 |
d. | 0.052 |
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk NAT: Analytic skills
LOC: acquire an understanding of risk and return
SHORT ANSWER
1. What are the two components in total return?
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.1 Understanding Returns
2. What is risk premium?
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.2 The History of Returns
3. What is the purpose of diversification?
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification
4. What are the two measures of variability of equity returns?
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.3 Volatility and Risk
5. In a well-diversified portfolio, to what is risk is equal?
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification
6. What is a systematic risk?
PTS: 1 DIF: E
REF: 6.4 The Power of Diversification