The Meaning Of Progress And Development Ch.2 Full Test Bank

Chapter 2: The Meaning of Progress and Development

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The three stages of human cultural development described by Morgan were ______.

a. Neolithic, Iron Age, and Bronze Age

b. primitivism, sedentism, and modernism

c. band, tribe, and state

d. savagery, barbarism, and civilization

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Question 2.1: Why Did Hunter-Gatherer Societies Switch to Sedentary Agriculture?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Morgan divided societies into stages based on change in ______.

a. population size

b. technology

c. brain size

d. political organization

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.1: Why Did Hunter-Gatherer Societies Switch to Sedentary Agriculture?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. White would most likely explain the relationship between technology and productivity in which of the following ways?

a. As technology progresses, productivity increases.

b. Productivity allows for the creation of more advanced technology.

c. Technology is less advanced among more productive people.

d. As technology becomes more efficient, output is reduced.

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.1: Why Did Hunter-Gatherer Societies Switch to Sedentary Agriculture?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. According to White’s perspective, technological advances eventually led to ______.

a. human rights advances

b. a shift from savagery to civilization

c. occupational specialization

d. the development of small family groups

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.1: Why Did Hunter-Gatherer Societies Switch to Sedentary Agriculture?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. In most hunter-gatherer societies, ______ who ______contributed the most calories to group subsistence.

a. men; hunted

b. women; gathered

c. men; fished

d. women; farmed

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.1: Why Did Hunter-Gatherer Societies Switch to Sedentary Agriculture?

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The Hadza of Tanzania relied on ______ for food.

a. wild foods

b. cattle

c. seal and whale meat

d. maize crops

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Life Among Hunter-Gatherers: The Hadza and the Bushman

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The average Bushman spent ______ hunting and gathering food.

a. every waking hour

b. about 20 hours per week

c. between 40-60 hours per week

d. about 6 hours per month

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Life Among Hunter-Gatherers: The Hadza and the Bushman

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Cohen viewed the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture as the result of ______.

a. degradation of wild resources

b. the ease of agriculture compared with hunting and gathering

c. increased population density

d. increased intelligence

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Transition to Agriculture

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The belief that agriculture led to improved quality of life over the hunting and gathering lifestyle comes from ______.

a. an understanding of the change in population densities

b. the reduced workload of those practicing agriculture

c. the holistic perspective

d. ethnocentric ideas about modern Western cultural superiority

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Life Among Hunter-Gatherers: The Hadza and the Bushman

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Swidden agriculture takes ______ labor and ______ land than irrigation agriculture.

a. more;more

b. more; less

c. less; more

d. less; less land

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Transition to Agriculture

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which subsistence method leads to increased social stratification?

a. hunting

b. gathering

c. swidden agriculture

d. intensive agriculture

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Transition to Agriculture

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Early wool textiles in England were produced mostly by ______.

a. industrial factories

b. village councils

c. small factories

d. rural families

Learning Objective: Question 2.2: Why are some societies more industrially advanced than others?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Question 2.2: Why Are Some Societies More Industrially Advanced Than Others?

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. An intermediate step in the industrialization of wool textile production in England was ______.

a. the “putting out” system

b. the factory system

c. handicraft production

d. loom weaving

Learning Objective: Question 2.2: Why are some societies more industrially advanced than others?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.2: Why Are Some Societies More Industrially Advanced Than Others?

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which of the following families is most likely to be involved in the “putting out” system?

a. The father and older sons watch and shear the sheep, and the mother and daughters comb the wool, spin the thread, weave the thread into fabric, and dye the fabric. The family sells the finished fabric at the local market.

b. The family makes textiles with looms and raw wool given to them by a merchant, who will return later to pick up finished products and pay the family per piece produced.

c. The family relocates to the city, where all members work in a factory, where they are paid a wage to produce textiles.

d. The family purchases textiles produced by women working in factories in another country for low wages.

Learning Objective: Question 2.2: Why are some societies more industrially advanced than others?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Question 2.2: Why Are Some Societies More Industrially Advanced Than Others?

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which of the following factors contributed to industrialization?

a. Easier maintenance of social control

b. Cheapness of labor

c. New prosperity from corn production

d. Declining returns on long-distance trade

Learning Objective: Question 2.2: Why are some societies more industrially advanced than others?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.2: Why Are Some Societies More Industrially Advanced Than Others?

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The British destroyed the Indian textile industry due to ______.

a. the superiority of British textiles to Indian textiles

b. British military action and economic restrictions

c. the decrease in raw material availability in India

d. technological innovations allowing for faster production

Learning Objective: Question 2.2: Why are some societies more industrially advanced than others?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The British in India

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The only export of the British East India Company for which there was demand in China was ______.

a. tea

b. wool

c. calico

d. opium

Learning Objective: Question 2.2: Why are some societies more industrially advanced than others?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The British in India

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The expansion of the British textile industry led to which of the following?

a. Increased prosperity for everyone involved

b. The end of slavery in the colonies

c. Huge profits for some and great suffering for others

d. Decreased quality of life for factory owners

Learning Objective: Question 2.2: Why are some societies more industrially advanced than others?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cotton, Slavery, and the Cherokee Removal

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Industrialization shifted the occupations of those in Western Europe and the United States from ______.

a. farmers to laborers

b. laborers to information workers

c. hunters and gatherers to farmers

d. sharecroppers to landowners

Learning Objective: Question 2.3: Why do poor countries not modernize and develop in the same way as wealthier countries?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Question 2.3: Why Do Poor Countries Not Modernize and Develop in the Same Way as Wealthier Countries?

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Why do poor countries struggle despite loans from the World Bank?

a. The World Bank favored countries that were politically allied with European countries, so other countries could not access loans.

b. World Bank loans included political requirements that countries did not want to accept, so many eligible countries did not apply.

c. Countries unable to repay debt were forced to accept Structural Adjustment Programs that further devastated their economies to benefit wealthy investors.

d. Poor countries do not have natural or human resources that are valuable in the world economy.

Learning Objective: Question 2.3: Why do poor countries not modernize and develop in the same way as wealthier countries?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Debt, SAPs, and Vultures

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Economic development plans rely on which of the following ideas?

a. Nonwestern countries need to be more like Western countries

b. Nonindustrialized nations are more technologically savvy than industrialized nations

c. Rich nations became wealthy through the exploitation of other countries

d. Each nation has a wealth of valuable cultural knowledge that must be preserved

Learning Objective: Question 2.3: Why do poor countries not modernize and develop in the same way as wealthier countries?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Question 2.3: Why Do Poor Countries Not Modernize and Develop in the Same Way as Wealthier Countries?

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Economic development was successful for countries that ______.

a. were largely composed of farmers

b. had more natural and human resources

c. are in Europe

d. were not colonized by Western countries

Learning Objective: Question 2.3: Why do poor countries not modernize and develop in the same way as wealthier countries?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Debt, SAPs, and Vultures

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. While many formerly colonized countries were no longer under political control of colonizers, neocolonialism in the form of ______ ensured that these countries were still subject to control by others.

a. warfare

b. debt

c. missionaries

d. reservations

Learning Objective: Question 2.3: Why do poor countries not modernize and develop in the same way as wealthier countries?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Question 2.3: Why Do Poor Countries Not Modernize and Develop in the Same Way as Wealthier Countries?

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Life expectancy ______ between the years 1900 and 2000.

a. did not change

b. increased by 40%

c. doubled

d. grew exponentially

Learning Objective: Question 2.4: How do modern standards of health and medical treatment compare with those of traditional societies?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Illness and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Many in the United States ignore the impact of ______ on illness.

a. handwashing

b. pathogens

c. microorganisms

d. inequality

Learning Objective: Question 2.4: How do modern standards of health and medical treatment compare with those of traditional societies?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Illness and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. People in some cultures attribute illness to soul loss or sorcery because they ______.

a. connect social conflict and illness

b. do not know any better

c. cannot access Western biomedical practitioners

d. are charlatans who take advantage of people

Learning Objective: Question 2.4: How do modern standards of health and medical treatment compare with those of traditional societies?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Meaning of Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which of the following is an example of an expression of an interpersonal theory of disease?

a. diabetes

b. gout

c. susto

d. rickets

Learning Objective: Question 2.4: How do modern standards of health and medical treatment compare with those of traditional societies?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Meaning of Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. If Victor Turner had supplied sufferers of illness among the Ndembu with antibiotics, would he have cured the illness?

a. No, because he would not have dealt with the social conflict.

b. No, because the sufferers were not really ill.

c. Yes, because the illness was the result of bacterial infection.

d. Yes, because the antibiotic would have had a placebo effect even if it did not kill the pathogen.

Learning Objective: Question 2.4: How do modern standards of health and medical treatment compare with those of traditional societies?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Meaning of Illness

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. When Plenty-coups told Linderman, “After this, nothing happened,” what did he mean?

a. When the buffalo disappeared, the Crow were left alone by settlers.

b. Everything that had cultural meaning to the Crow had been destroyed, so nothing of significance could happen anymore.

c. Plenty-coups could not remember what happened after that, because he had been knocked out.

d. All of the Crow except him were dead, and so nothing could happen for the Crow anymore.

Learning Objective: Question 2.5: Why are simpler societies disappearing?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cultural Devastation and Radical Hope

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. The death of indigenous groups after contact with European settlers was due to ______.

a. indigenous cultural inferiority

b. sorcery and soul loss

c. random chance

d. systematic extermination

Learning Objective: Question 2.5: Why are simpler societies disappearing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.5: Why Are Simpler Societies Disappearing?

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. The vast majority of loss of life upon Columbus’ arrival in the New World was due to ______.

a. warfare

b. disease

c. famine

d. natural disasters

Learning Objective: Question 2.5: Why are simpler societies disappearing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Devastation and Radical Hope

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. The Crow did not suffer military defeat by the United States government, but did experience ______.

a. cultural devastation

b. enslavement

c. displacement

d. plague

Learning Objective: Question 2.5: Why are simpler societies disappearing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Devastation and Radical Hope

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Hunter-gatherer groups tend to have a low life expectancy because ______.

a. their diets are poor

b. infant mortality is high

c. they lack electricity

d. they do not get enough exercise

Learning Objective: Question 2.5: Why are simpler societies disappearing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Studies in Doing Anthropology #2: The Search for the Perfect Diet and Building Latrines

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. The hunter-gatherer lifestyle has been called a paradise, but the Bushmen struggle today because ______.

a. they turned to swidden agriculture

b. they overharvested their territory

c. 90% of their land was taken

d. they prefer modern technology and cannot afford it

Learning Objective: Question 2.5: Why are simpler societies disappearing?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Question 2.5: Why Are Simpler Societies Disappearing?

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. One contemporary example of cultural devastation is the effects of ______.

a. the Eagles winning Super Bowl LII

b. relocating for a new job

c. Apple releasing a new iPhone

d. the COVID19 pandemic

Learning Objective: Question 2.5: Why are simpler societies disappearing?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cultural Devastation and Radical Hope

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Hunter-gatherer societies in the past struggled to get enough food.

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Question 2.1: Why Did Hunter-Gatherer Societies Switch to Sedentary Agriculture?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Textile factories during the Industrial Revolution used child labor.

Learning Objective: Question 2.2: Why are some societies more industrially advanced than others?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.2: Why Are Some Societies More Industrially Advanced Than Others?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. People in colonized countries experienced an increased standard of living after industrialization.

Learning Objective: Question 2.3: Why do poor countries not modernize and develop in the same way as wealthier countries?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.3: Why Do Poor Countries Not Modernize and Develop in the Same Way as Wealthier Countries?

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Poverty increases the chance of dying from infectious disease.

Learning Objective: Question 2.4: How do modern standards of health and medical treatment compare with those of traditional societies?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.4: How Do Modern Standards of Health and Medical Treatment Compare with Those of Traditional Societies?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Contact between European and indigenous communities was usually beneficial for the indigenous group.

Learning Objective: Question 2.5: Why are simpler societies disappearing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Question 2.5: Why Are Simpler Societies Disappearing?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of shifting from hunting and gathering to agriculture.

Learning Objective: Question 2.1: Why did hunter-gatherer societies switch to sedentary agriculture?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Transition to Agriculture

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Why are some cultures more technologically advanced than others? Trace the path of technological advancement in one country to support your answer.

Learning Objective: Question 2.2: Why are some societies more industrially advanced than others?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Question 2.2: Why Are Some Societies More Industrially Advanced Than Others?

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss the impact of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on development efforts in so-called Third World countries.

Learning Objective: Question 2.3: Why do poor countries not modernize and develop in the same way as wealthier countries?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Debt, SAPs, and Vultures

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. How is a person’s chance of dying from infectious disease impacted by cultural factors?

Learning Objective: Question 2.4: How do modern standards of health and medical treatment compare with those of traditional societies?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Question 2.4: How Do Modern Standards of Health and Medical Treatment Compare with Those of Traditional Societies?

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Discuss a typical example of cultural contact between an indigenous group and Europeans.

Learning Objective: Question 2.5: Why are simpler societies disappearing?:

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Question 2.5: Why Are Simpler Societies Disappearing?

Difficulty Level: Hard