The Cardiovascular System | Test Bank Docx Chapter.6

CHAPTER 6: ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate and which other factor?

a. Central venous pressure

b. Arterial pressure

c. Stroke volume

d. Left ventricular pressure

2. Which valves are responsible for the “lub-dub” sound heard during auscultation of the heart?

a. Pulmonic and aortic

b. Mitral and tricuspid

c. Tricuspid and aortic

d. Pulmonic and mitral

3. A patient complains of shortness of breath, dizziness, and feeling faint and occasional chest pain. The clinician notes each of the following: tachycardia with an irregular rate at 150 and an atrial rate of 200 on the cardiac monitor. Which interpretation should the clinician make?

a. Right-sided heart failure

b. Cardiac tamponade

c. Aortic regurgitation

d. Atrial fibrillation

4. When the clinician assesses a patient with the blood pressure cuff and stethoscope, there is a >10 mmHg drop in the patient’s systolic blood pressure during inspiration. How will the clinician interpret this finding?

a. An auscultatory gap

b. A paradoxical pulse

c. A pulsus alternans

d. An abnormal pulse pressure

5. Which etiology should the clinician expect when, upon examination, weak carotid pulses are noted bilaterally? (Select all that apply).

a. Myocardial infarction

b. Sepsis

c. Cardiogenic shock

d. Aortic regurgitation

e. Pancreatitis

6. Upon assessment, the clinician notes the presence of an S3 and an S4. Which interpretation of the etiology of this finding is accurate? (Select all that apply).

a. Heart failure

b. Sepsis

c. Cardiac ischemia

d. Aortic regurgitation

e. Tamponade

7. Which assessment findings should the clinician expect to observe in the patient with left-sided congestive heart failure? (Select all that apply.)

a. Jugular vein distension (JVD)

b. Presence of an S3 or S4

c. Adventitious lung sounds

d. Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count

e. Point of maximal impulse (PMI) at the mid clavicular line, fifth intercostal space

8. Which assessment findings would the clinician expect to observe in the patient with right-sided congestive heart failure? (Select all that apply.)

a. Jugular vein distension (JVD)

b. Presence of an S3 or S4

c. Adventitious lung sounds

d. Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count

e. Splenomegaly

9. Which cardiac defect abnormalities would promote cyanosis due to left to right shunting of blood? (Select all that apply.)

a. Tetralogy of Fallot

b. Ventricular septal defect

c. Atrial septal defect

d. Transposition of the great vessels

e. Patent ductus arteriosus

10. Which factors affect blood pressure? (Select all that apply.)

a. Left ventricular stroke volume

b. Peripheral vascular stiffness

c. Volume of blood in the arterial system

d. Integrity of the aorta

e. Lung perfusion

11. The clinician is concerned about a patient’s preload. Which factor is the greatest determinant of preload?

a. Circulation through the lung vasculature

b. Volume of blood returning to the right atrium

c. Bundle branch performance

d. Portal system

12. Which ions are involved in the independent function of the sinoatrial (SA) node? (Select all that apply.)

a. Sodium

b. Potassium

c. Calcium

d. Magnesium

e. Bicarbonate

13. During an exam, the clinician notes the point of maximal impulse (PMI) is at the sixth intercostal space and left of the midclavicular line. How should the clinician interpret this finding?

14. Differentiate the use of the stethoscope in the assessment of the normal heart sounds of S1 and S2 versus the pathologic heart sounds of S3 and S4.

15. Differentiate between the auscultation techniques used to assess aortic from tricuspid valves.

16. For each of the components of the EKG tracing, describe the physiologic activity each wave represents.

17. Identify the factors that affect systemic blood pressure.

18. Describe the process of obtaining an accurate blood pressure (BP) reading.

19. As the clinician is evaluating a patient for the presence of a thrill or a heave, the clinician’s hand rises with each heartbeat. How should the clinician interpret this finding and what could it mean?

20. The patient is recovering from a myocardial infarction secondary to significant hypertension. Diet therapy is recommended and the patient states a minor knowledge of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. Outline this diet for the patient and identify its purposes.