Test Questions & Answers Social Psychology Chapter 15 - Test Bank | Real World Psychology 3e by Catherine A. Sanderson. DOCX document preview.
Real World Psychology, 3e (Sanderson)
Chapter 15 Social Psychology
1) The study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions is called ________.
A) sociology
B) social science
C) social psychology
D) sociobehavioral psychology
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
2) The processes we use to think about others and ourselves are called social ________.
A) intelligence
B) influence
C) attribution
D) cognition
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
3) The mental processes we use to form impression of others are called person ________.
A) attribution
B) perception
C) assumption
D) cognition
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
4) Explanations that we provide for the causes of behaviors or events are referred to as ________.
A) attributions
B) biases
C) assumptions
D) rationalizations
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
5) Kaitlyn believes that she failed her psychology exam because the teacher made the questions on the test impossible to answer. Kaitlyn has just engaged in ________.
A) impression management
B) a stereotaxic determination
C) an attribution
D) person perception
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
6) According to social psychologists, people want to develop logical attributions for behavior because it makes them feel ________.
A) safer and more in control
B) more in control and more intelligent
C) safer and more intelligent
D) relaxed and more intelligent
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
7) The two basic types of attributions suggest that behavior can be explained by internal ________ or external ________.
A) temperament; circumstances
B) dispositions; situations
C) personality; factors
D) traits; reality
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
8) You and a friend are watching a ballgame. The batter swings misses. You believe this is because the sun is setting and probably cast a glare in his eyes. Your friend believes this is because the batter lacks talent. You made a(n) ________ attribution and your friend made a(n) ________ attribution.
A) personal; circumstantial
B) external; internal
C) circumstantial; personal
D) internal; external
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
9) Two of the more common attributional mistakes that people tend to make are ________.
A) the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias
B) situational attributions and dispositional attributions
C) the actor bias and the observer bias
D) stereotypes and biases
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
10) Dr. Mitchell is 15 minutes late to class and when she comes in, she goes right into her lecture without explaining to the students why she was late. The students assume that she is just lazy and did not care about being on time, when in fact she was late because her daughter was ill and she had to arrange childcare at the last minute. The students have made the ________.
A) saliency bias
B) self-serving error
C) faulty judgment error
D) fundamental attribution error
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
11) We misjudge the causes of another person's behavior because we overestimate internal, personal factors and underestimate external, situational influences. This is called ________.
A) delusional thinking
B) prejudice
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) the self-serving bias
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
12) A stranger walking in front of you trips. You assume this is because he is clumsy, rather than considering the fact that the sidewalk might be uneven. You have just committed ________.
A) a self-serving bias
B) prejudicial thinking
C) a dispositional attribution
D) the fundamental attribution error
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
13) The tendency to focus on the most noticeable factors when explaining the cause of behavior is called the ________.
A) proximity bias
B) just noticeable difference bias
C) saliency bias
D) pseudo-reality bias
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
14) One explanation for why people commit the fundamental attribution error is the ________.
A) self-serving bias
B) saliency bias
C) obviousness bias
D) availability heuristic
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
15) Most people perceive Elizabeth as being a poor public speaker because her mistakes in speaking are much more apparent than the dreaded feelings of social phobia that come over her when she speaks. This is an example of ________.
A) the self-serving bias
B) the saliency bias
C) the obviousness bias
D) prejudice
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
16) When you find yourself out in a storm without an umbrella, you blame it on the fact that the storm was unexpected. But when you see another person without an umbrella, you think that they are silly for having not looked at the weather forecast before leaving the house. This is an example of which effect?
A) ultimate attribution
B) fundamental attribution
C) self-serving
D) actor-observer
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
17) The tendency to attribute other people's behavior to personality factors, while attributing our own behavior to situational factors is called which effect?
A) groupthink
B) lowball
C) actor-observer
D) self-serving
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
18) When you attempt to maintain a positive self-image by taking credit for your successes and emphasizing external causes for your failures, you are engaged in ________.
A) a self-delusion
B) the self-serving bias
C) rationalization
D) reaction formation
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
19) The desire to maintain self-esteem and a good public image are two motivations for the use of ________.
A) the fundamental attribution error
B) the self-serving bias
C) the saliency bias
D) an internal locus of control
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
20) Amelia failed a test and said it was because the questions were "tricky." On the next exam, she scored an impressive 98%. Now she said that she studied hard and was a conscientious student. Amelia is demonstrating the ________.
A) dispositional locus of control
B) fundamental attribution error
C) self-serving bias
D) actor-observer bias
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
21) Which of these is less commonly seen in collectivist as compared to individualist cultures?
A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) awareness of situational constraints on behavior
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
22) Westerners watching a baseball game in Japan who see an umpire make a bad call would tend to assume a(n) ________ cause for the call, whereas the Japanese spectators would tend to make a(n) ________ attribution.
A) situational; dispositional
B) attributional; saliency
C) dispositional; situational
D) saliency; attributional
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
23) Eliza, from China, observes a man push a woman to the side. How would Eliza most likely interpret the man's behavior?
A) The man is a very rude person.
B) The man has anger management issues.
C) The man is late for work.
D) The man has a bad attitude.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
24) Eastern conceptions of self-esteem ________.
A) include standing out from the rest of the crowd
B) involve fitting in with the group
C) involve doing better than others
D) involve distancing oneself from the group
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
25) A set of learned evaluations of a particular idea, object, person, or event is known as a(n) ________.
A) belief
B) concept
C) schema
D) attitude
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
26) Regarding attitudes toward the economic "meltdown," the belief that the economic troubles resulted from actions of greedy bankers reflects which component of attitude?
A) affective
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) situational
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
27) Regarding attitudes toward the economic meltdown, being fearful of further loss of personal savings during an economic downturn reflects which component of attitude?
A) affective
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) situational
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
28) Regarding attitudes toward the economic meltdown, withdrawing savings from local banks in response to a pending economic crisis reflects which component of attitude?
A) affective
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) situational
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
29) "Greedy bankers cause economic troubles" is an example of which component of a person's attitude?
A) affective
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) emotional
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
30) Louise is so disillusioned by the actions of politicians from both political parties that she plans to vote for independent candidates in the next election. Her voting plans are an example of which component of Louise's attitude about politicians?
A) affective
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) emotional
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
31) Many of our attitudes begin to form during ________.
A) infancy
B) childhood
C) adolescence
D) adulthood
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
32) Which theory says that people are motivated to make attitudinal changes when they experience tension after becoming aware of inconsistencies between their attitudes or between their attitudes and their behaviors?
A) Bandura's social learning theory
B) Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
C) Freud's defense mechanisms theory
D) Leon's power of inconsistencies theory
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
33) Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that after Lamar bought a Samsung instead of an iPhone, he would ________.
A) regret his decision
B) complain about the iPhone features he couldn't get with his Samsung
C) notice the problems with his Samsung that he ignored before
D) focus on the positive features of his Samsung
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
34) Cross-cultural research suggests that cognitive dissonance may be a result of cultures that place a high value on ________.
A) individual accomplishments
B) connection with others
C) appraisal by others
D) honesty and integrity
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
35) According to the textbook, people experiencing cognitive dissonance would most likely ________.
A) change their behavior
B) change their attitude
C) ignore the inconsistency between their behavior and attitude
D) continue to feel discomfort
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
36) A learned, unjustified, negative attitude toward members of a group is called ________.
A) discrimination
B) stereotyping
C) cognitive biasing
D) prejudice
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
37) The word prejudice literally means ________.
A) prejudgment
B) separation
C) hatred
D) diminutive
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
38) Prejudice is an attitude, and its cognitive component is called ________.
A) discrimination
B) a stereotype
C) a cognitive bias
D) a negative schema
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
39) An African American person is denied a job because the owner of a business fears white customers will not buy from an African American salesperson. This hiring decision is an example of ________.
A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) stereotyping
D) a heuristic
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
40) An African American person who is given a job because he or she is best-suited to the job is an example of ________.
A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) both prejudice and discrimination
D) neither prejudice nor discrimination
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
41) The owner of a restaurant believes that White customers will not tip as well when they have a server who is a person of color, so he institutes a mandatory 15% gratuity policy on his menu for all guests. The belief that leads to this policy is an example of ________.
A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) both prejudice and discrimination
D) neither prejudice nor discrimination
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
42) An unjustified, negative action directed at members of a group is known as ________.
A) prejudice
B) stereotyping
C) discrimination
D) harassment
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
43) Prejudice is ________; discrimination is ________.
A) a behavior; a belief
B) unethical; illegal
C) an attitude; a behavior
D) innate; learned
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
44) Mr. Bundy believes that women make poor shoe salespersons, but hires a woman to sell his shoes anyway. From this information, which of the following is true regarding Mr. Bundy?
A) He holds a prejudice, but has not discriminated against women.
B) He discriminates, but does not hold a prejudice against women.
C) He holds a prejudice and discriminates against women.
D) He probably only hired a woman because she was a family member.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
45) The process by which expectations about a person, group, or situation lead to those expectations eventually becoming true is called the ________.
A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) attributional anchor
C) stereotype threat
D) fundamental attribution error
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
46) Learning, implicit biases, mental shortcuts, limited resources, and displaced aggression are commonly cited sources of ________.
A) discrimination
B) bias
C) favoritism
D) prejudice
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
47) Who is most likely to learn a prejudice against a new group of people?
A) Angela, who watches a movie in which members of this group are recognized for their talents
B) Gabriel, who hears his parents and friends make derogatory statements about members of this group
C) Kema, who befriends a member of this group and experiences a rise in his own self-esteem
D) John, who decides to introduce a member of the group to his friends
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
48) In which of the following ways can a person develop prejudice?
A) learning about a new culture
B) generalization of repeated positive experiences with a minority group
C) generalization of one negative instance with a member of a minority group
D) introducing oneself to a new group of persons
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
49) The "mental shortcut" explanation for the initiation and maintenance of prejudice suggests that ________.
A) defense mechanisms are responsible for prejudice
B) stereotypes allow us to make judgments and free mental resources for other activities
C) self-talk and automatic thoughts cause prejudicial thinking
D) the self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error cause prejudicial thoughts
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
50) The attitude "Asian Americans are good at math" may be harmful to the motivation of Asian Americans, or members of which of the following, who are not good at math?
A) the ingroup
B) the outgroup
C) the majority
D) the scapegoats
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
51) Which of these is a cognitive process in which members of one's own group are viewed more positively than those who are not members of that group?
A) reciprocity of liking
B) positive familiarity
C) ingroup favoritism
D) outgroup prejudice
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
52) Which of these is a cognitive process in which members of a different group are judged as less diverse than members of one's own group?
A) the melting pot phenomenon
B) homeostatic similarity
C) the birds-of-a-feather phenomenon
D) the outgroup homogeneity effect
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
53) Saying that members of another ethnic group "all look alike to me" may be an example of ________.
A) ingroup favoritism
B) the outgroup homogeneity effect
C) outgroup negativism
D) ingroup bias
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
54) There has been a rise in prejudice as a result of the recent economic recession. What source of prejudice can this be explained by?
A) displaced aggression
B) competition for limited resources
C) stereotypes
D) operant conditioning
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
55) People will attack an alternate target group rather than the real source of their frustration either when the source is bigger and retaliatory, or when it is ambiguous or unknown. Which explanation for prejudice is this?
A) displaced aggression
B) sublimation
C) outgroup
D) projected frustration
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
56) Stereotyping that occurs without conscious awareness is a result of ________.
A) implicit bias
B) ingroup bias
C) outgroup homogeneity
D) discrimination
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
57) Research suggests that one of the best ways to decrease prejudice is to encourage ________.
A) cooperation
B) friendly competition
C) reciprocity of liking
D) conformity
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
58) In the classic study by Muzafer Sherif and colleagues, prejudice was initiated in two groups of boys at summer camp by encouraging ________, and successfully eliminated by creating ________.
A) ingroups; mixed groups
B) aggressive competition; friendly competition
C) competition; superordinate goals
D) passive cooperation; active cooperation
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
59) Which of these is a method for reducing prejudice that involves creating a common outcome that benefits both the minority and majority groups and requires cooperation to achieve?
A) creating a reciprocal task
B) creating a homogeneous task
C) creating a superordinate goal
D) creating a supercilious goal
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
60) When a natural disaster strikes, members of a community who previously distrusted or fought with each other often work together to deal with the aftermath. Once the emergency is over, there is usually a decrease in prejudice as a result of ________.
A) the friendly competition fostered by the emergency team leaders
B) increased contact and cooperation brought on by the superordinate goal
C) sharing the near-death experience
D) the scarcity of resources and abundance of problems
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
61) For increased contact to diminish prejudice between two groups of people, which of the following factors must be present?
A) close interaction, interdependence, and equal status
B) superordinate goals and homogeneous tasks
C) reciprocity of liking, equality, and friendly competition
D) positive experiences, close interdependence, and heterogeneous goals
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
62) Undoing negative associations and learning positive ones, and selectively attending to similarities rather than differences are examples of ________.
A) modeling
B) empathy
C) cognitive retraining
D) superordinate goals
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
63) Cooperation, increased contact, and cognitive retraining all create which of the following by increasing the discrepancy between your beliefs, emotions, and behaviors toward members of an outgroup, thus motivating you to change your prejudicial attitudes toward that group?
A) superordinate beliefs
B) non-discriminatory attitudes
C) cognitive dissonance
D) behavioral dissonance
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
64) Marlissa finds that after her children watch how beings of different races get along well in the Harry Potter movies, they tend to be more tolerant of the differences between themselves and classmates of other races. She is puzzled about this until she realizes that which of these can be an effective way of reducing prejudice?
A) cognitive retraining
B) empathy induction
C) superordinate goals
D) equal status contact
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
65) Two major types of social influence discussed in your text are ________.
A) low-ball and foot-in-the-door
B) persuasion and agreement
C) agreement and disagreement
D) conformity and obedience
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
66) In the classic Asch study of conformity, what proportion of the subjects conformed and agreed with obviously incorrect choices made by other group members?
A) less than 10 percent
B) about one-quarter
C) more than one-third
D) more than 50 percent
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
67) A change in thoughts, feelings, or actions due to real or imagined group pressure is called ________.
A) norm compliance
B) obedience
C) conformity
D) mob rule
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
68) The term for individuals who worked with the experimenter and purposely gave wrong answers during the Asch study is ________.
A) accomplices
B) confederates
C) participants
D) sample
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
69) How many people in the control group of Asch's study chose the correct line?
A) close to 100%
B) roughly 50%
C) about 25%
D) Almost none
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
70) Expected behaviors generally adhered to by members of a group are called ________.
A) norms
B) motivators
C) behavioral determinants
D) meta-rules
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
71) When someone has a need for approval and acceptance by a group, they often conform to the norms set by that group. This is called what type of social influence?
A) normative
B) desirable
C) ingroup
D) informational
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
72) After the first week at his new school, Gordon had his hair cut the way others were wearing theirs and started tucking in his shirt the way other boys on campus did in order to fit in. This is an example of ________.
A) ingroup favoritism
B) an outgroup wannabe
C) normative social influence
D) gang influence
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
73) When people lack adequate knowledge about how to behave, they often conform to group pressure if the group provides them with direction and information. This is called which type of social influence?
A) normative
B) intellectual
C) educational
D) informational
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
74) Lincoln thought he smelled smoke for a second. He looked at others in the classroom and at the teacher. No one seemed concerned, so Lincoln continued taking his test along with his other classmates. This is most likely an example of ________.
A) conformational social influence
B) focused attention
C) informational social influence
D) a need for approval
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
75) Sometimes people conform because they like and admire a group, and want to be like them. Which explanation for conformity is this?
A) informational social influence
B) reciprocity of liking
C) reference group
D) foot-in-the-door
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
76) Amorita agrees to party with friends she admires rather than staying home to study, even though she'd rather not attend the party. "If I go with them, I will be just as cool as they are," she thinks to herself. This is an example of ________.
A) the effect of low self-esteem on conformity
B) ingroup social influence
C) desirable social influence
D) how a reference group influences conformity
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
77) What are three factors that explain why people conform?
A) personality, genetics, and learning
B) motivational level, level of physiological arousal, and level of interpersonal arousal
C) normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference groups
D) introversion-extroversion, bystander bias, and ingroup-outgroup roles
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
78) With regard to the norm for personal space, which of the following persons is most likely to break the U.S. norm by standing too close to an American adult?
A) a Scandinavian man
B) an American teenager
C) a Middle-Eastern man
D) a Canadian guest
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
79) A compliance technique in which a first, small request is used as a set-up for later requests is known as ________.
A) the low-ball technique
B) the foot-in-the-door technique
C) the infiltration technique
D) ingratiation
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
80) Which of the following is a way to increase compliance, as identified in your text?
A) stringent moral guard
B) use foot-in-the-door technique
C) give power to the individual
D) cognitive dissonance
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
81) Obedience is best defined as following ________.
A) the lead of others
B) a direct command from an authority
C) group norms, whether explicit or implicit
D) directions from peers
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
82) According to the text, which of these allow social life to proceed with safety, order, and predictability?
A) conformity, altruism, and punishment
B) obedience, reinforcement, and punishment
C) norms, scripts, and conformity
D) conformity, compliance, and obedience
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
83) Milgram's participants thought they were participating in an experiment to study the effects of ________.
A) obedience to authority
B) arousal on memory
C) punishment on learning
D) electric shock on brain-wave activity
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
84) Stanley Milgram was actually investigating which of these in his classic teacher-learner shock study?
A) the effects of punishment on learning
B) reinforcement of learning
C) obedience to authority
D) the effects of cognitive learning
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
85) In Milgram's study, fewer than ________ percent of the public thought they would shock a learner beyond 150 volts; in reality, ________ percent of the actual participants continued to the end of the scale of 450 volts.
A) 5; 50
B) 50; 5
C) 25; 65
D) 65; 25
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
86) The results of Milgram's research suggest that who among the following will follow orders to hurt someone?
A) only "monsters"
B) a majority of "normal" people
C) everyone
D) people with mental disorders
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
87) A group of psychiatrists that were polled prior to the Milgram experiment predicted that ________.
A) less than 1% of participants would go all the way to 450 volts of shock
B) most people would continue past 300 volts of shock
C) most people would continue after 150 volts of shock
D) most people would stop at 300 volts of shock
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
88) Which of the following will decrease obedience?
A) having a person with authority give the command
B) starting low and gradually increasing commands
C) holding each person responsible for their own behavior
D) providing obedient role models
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
89) Which of the following factors in Milgram's experiment decreased obedience?
A) the educational setting and lab coats worn by experimenters
B) watching others continue to administer shocks
C) assuring "teachers" that the experimenter was responsible for the "learner's" well-being
D) having the "learner" in the same room with the "teacher"
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
90) Milgram's study was criticized for ________.
A) use of deception
B) lack of debriefing
C) lack of follow-up with participants
D) use of placebo treatment
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 3: Ethical & Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
APA: LO 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
91) Which group in the Milgram study was most likely to deliver 450 millivolts of shock to the learner?
A) the group for which the authority figure was not in the same room with the teacher
B) the group for which the learner was 1.5 feet away from the teacher
C) the group for which the teacher got to choose the level of shock
D) the group for which the teacher watched two other confederates deliver shock
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
92) One reason for destructive obedience is that we are deeply ingrained from childhood to obey certain authority figures, such as parents, teachers, and police. This is due to ________.
A) groupthink
B) socialization
C) cognitive dissonance
D) foot-in-the door technique
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
93) Veronica obeyed the orders of her highly regarded captain despite the fact that he was leading them into an illegal mission. What explanation of obedience does this example best demonstrate?
A) socialization
B) relaxed moral guard
C) the outgroup homogeneity effect
D) groupthink
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
94) Rosa Parks is a good example of the power of which of these in reducing obedience?
A) a powerful role model
B) the foot-in-the-door technique
C) deindividuation
D) anti-discrimination laws
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
95) During which of these does a person who feels anonymous within a group experiences an increase in arousal and a decrease in self-consciousness, inhibitions, and personal responsibility?
A) groupthink
B) group polarization
C) authoritarianism
D) deindividuation
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
96) The critical factor in deindividuation is ________.
A) loss of self-esteem
B) anonymity
C) identity diffusion
D) group cohesiveness
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
97) One potentially positive result of deindividuation mentioned in the text is ________.
A) anonymity
B) allegiance and conformity
C) blind obedience
D) reduced responsibility
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
98) Whether a group's final decision is risky or conservative depends on ________.
A) the intellectual capacity of the group
B) the dominant preexisting tendencies of the group
C) the group's emotional intelligence
D) how many sensation-seekers there are in the group
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
99) A group's movement toward either riskier or more conservative behavior, depending on members' initial dominant tendency, is called ________.
A) a risky shift
B) a cognitive reversal
C) group polarization
D) groupthink
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
100) Faulty decision making that occurs when maintaining group harmony becomes more important than making a good decision is called ________.
A) the risky shift
B) group polarization
C) groupthink
D) destructive conformity
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
101) Which of the following occurs during the discussion process during groupthink?
A) beliefs of vulnerability
B) stereotypes of the ingroup
C) pressure on dissenters
D) lack of unanimity
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
102) Which form of behavior is intended to inflict physical or psychological harm on another individual?
A) altruism
B) aggression
C) discrimination
D) diffusion of responsibility
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
103) Which of the following statements regarding the possible biological or psychosocial origins of aggression has been supported by research?
A) Food additives and preservatives play a role in aggression.
B) There is no genetic predisposition to engage in aggressive acts.
C) Specific parts of the brain are implicated in aggression.
D) Substance abuse is a minor factor in aggression.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
104) Although unsupported by research, the idea of catharsis suggests that ________.
A) venting aggression through methods such as exercise will decrease aggression
B) making a joke will decrease aggressive feelings
C) sympathizing with someone will decrease aggressive feelings
D) ignoring frustration will decrease aggression
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
105) Which type of prevention of aggression involves healthy development in the general population, such as teaching better social and communication skills to people of all ages?
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) cooperative
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
106) The Big Brothers and Big Sisters of America program helps to identify youth who are in need of positive role models, and pairs them with adults who can provide healthy guidance and positive companionship. This is an example of which type of prevention?
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) cooperative
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
107) Prosocial behavior designed to help or benefit others is known as ________.
A) empathy
B) sympathy
C) altruism
D) egotism
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
108) Which of the following is the best example of altruism?
A) donating blood for money
B) buying a gift for a friend so you will get a gift in return
C) letting a mother with triplet infants cut in front of you in the grocery store line
D) watching in court the gang members whom you observed selling drugs in your neighborhood
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
109) In which account is helping behavior motivated by some anticipated gain?
A) the empathy-altruism hypothesis
B) the egoistic model of helping
C) the instinct theory of helping
D) the reciprocity model of helping
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
110) In which account is helping behavior motivated by concern for someone in need of help?
A) the sympathy-ego model
B) the empathy-altruism hypothesis
C) the egoistic model
D) the social instinct hypothesis
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
111) According to research, the ability to do which of the following may be innate, as illustrated by infants becoming distressed by another infant's cries?
A) sympathize
B) be prosocial
C) empathize
D) be altruistic
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
112) Liza gives Susan a ride to school, in the hopes that the favor will be reciprocated at a later date. What theory of prosocial behavior does this support?
A) empathy-altruism
B) egoistic model
C) evolutionary theory
D) altruistic model
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
113) Which theory of prosocial behavior suggests that we are more likely to help others who are close relatives, in the hopes that our genes will survive?
A) empathy-altruism
B) egoistic model
C) evolutionary theory
D) perpetual theory
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
114) Which of the following is one of the steps in the decision process model of helping behavior?
A) noticing the incident
B) ignoring the incident
C) lack of personal responsibility
D) solving the problem
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
115) According to the decision process model, which is the correct sequence of events for engaging in helping behavior?
A) notice, know how to help, accept responsibility
B) notice, interpret, accept responsibility
C) notice, interpret, know how to help
D) notice, accept responsibility, decide to help
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
116) Which of these is a way to increase helping behavior related to crimes?
A) show the helper on TV and other media
B) public shaming of those who fail to help
C) providing legal protection from liability associated with helping
D) diffusion of responsibility for reporting crimes
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
117) Which of the following is one of the important factors in our initial attraction?
A) facial characteristics
B) fashionable clothing
C) good manners
D) sound of voice
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
118) Physical attractiveness is important in attraction across cultures because it ________.
A) is so rare
B) indicates good health, sound genes, and high fertility
C) is our most obvious characteristic
D) is more important than one's personality
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
119) According to the textbook, which of the following traits are associated with attractive individuals?
A) more intelligent
B) more competitive
C) more curious
D) highly introverted
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
120) Which hypothesis notes that, generally speaking, we tend to end up partnered with people whose attractiveness is roughly equivalent to our own?
A) evolutionary
B) eye-of-the-beholder
C) good-enough
D) matching
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
121) According to the text, nonverbal flirting behavior may ________.
A) signal interest to a potential partner
B) be seen as unwanted aggression
C) increase attractiveness of a person
D) change our standards of attractiveness
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
122) Proximity is a key factor in attraction, which means that two people need to be ________.
A) close to each other in size, shape, and other physical features
B) matched in personality traits
C) in the same place at the same time
D) matched in intelligence
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
123) Repeated exposure to a stimulus will ________.
A) increase attraction for that stimulus
B) decrease dislike for that stimulus
C) decrease attraction for that stimulus
D) have a variable effect, depending on the context
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
124) The major cementing factor(s) in maintaining a long-term relationship is ________.
A) physical attractiveness
B) proximity
C) similarity
D) complementarity
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
125) The phrase "opposites attract" may hold true for which of the following?
A) values
B) social background
C) personality traits
D) age
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
126) Which of these is an important component in Sternberg's concept of loving?
A) dating
B) marriage
C) intimacy
D) similarity
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
127) In Sternberg's study, a healthy degree of all three essential components in both partners characterizes which type of love?
A) consummate
B) romantic
C) successful
D) satisfying
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
128) According to Sternberg, trouble occurs when one of the partners has ________.
A) a higher need for one or more of the components
B) a lower need for one or more of the components
C) levels of needs that are similar to the other partner
D) a higher or a lower need for one or more of the components
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
129) Romantic love lasts ________.
A) forever, for a lucky few
B) for less than 6 weeks for most couples
C) for 6-30 months in many cases
D) for 3-6 years
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
130) Romantic love is usually based on ________.
A) mystery and fantasy
B) the pleasure principle
C) reality
D) realistic expectations
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
131) Two problems with romantic love are that it ________.
A) lasts too long and uses up too much energy
B) is based on illusions and is short-lived
C) lacks compassion and real attraction
D) is immature and rare after early adulthood
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
132) A strong and lasting attraction characterized by deep trust, caring, tolerance, and friendship is called ________.
A) companionate love
B) intimate love
C) passionate love
D) discriminate love
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
133) A constructive way to maximize companionate love is to ________.
A) be realistic about each other's faults
B) overlook each other's faults
C) point out each other's faults
D) overlook your partner's faults; point out your own
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
134) Charlton says that "handguns should be registered, and owners should be required to keep a trigger lock on them." This is an example of which component of Charlton's attitude about guns?
A) Affective
B) Cognitive
C) Behavioral
D) Emotional
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
135) According to cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following advocates of managed care services for mental health is MOST likely to change his or her attitude?
A) Jeanette, who is paid $1 for arguing against managed care
B) Homer, who is paid $50 for arguing against managed care
C) Belinda, who had to argue against managed care to save her job
D) None of these advocates are likely to change their attitudes about managed care.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
136) Milgram's research suggests that which factors are MOST important when it comes to obedience?
A) person
B) personality
C) situational
D) cultural
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
137) When Jordan sees other people speeding when they drive on the highway, he assumes that they are inconsiderate drivers. When he speeds, however, he says, "it's an emergency and I really have to get there quickly." This is an example of the ________ bias.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
138) The belief that one's own culture represents the norm to which other cultures should strive is a form of ________.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
139) When individuals in a group shift their opinion on a topic to a more extreme position this is referred to as group ________.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
140) Suggesting that group leaders remain silent on important issues, encouraging and supporting those with dissenting opinions as they share their position, and seeking input from outside experts are all strategies to help reduce ________.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
141) The manner in which we develop and are affected by interpersonal connections with others is the area of social psychology called social ________.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
142) Byron knows that his wife, Liana, is very angry about something that happened at work today. He knows he can't solve her problem, but he wants her to feel better. He starts making snide comments about Liana's boss to try to amuse her, and pretty soon she starts smiling and stops feeling so angry. Byron has employed ________ responses to help reduce Liana's feelings of hostility.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
143) Define attribution. Describe and illustrate the two critical misjudgments people make, and state possible reasons for each.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
144) Define attitude and prejudice, and describe the three basic components of an attitude, using them to differentiate between a stereotype and discrimination. State why "positive prejudice" is harmful to members of a group.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
145) Describe cognitive dissonance theory. Explain the three ways cognitive dissonance can be resolved using an example of cognitive dissonance you have experienced in your own life.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.1 Social Cognition
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
146) Define conformity, and explain the three factors that contribute to this behavior, using examples of conformity from your own personal history.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
147) Define obedience, and describe how authority, responsibility, modeling, and graduations in requests, affected obedience in Milgram's study.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
148) Discuss how group polarization and groupthink affect group decision-making. Illustrate your discussion with what might occur during jury deliberations for an accused serial murderer.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.2 Social Influence
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
149) Define aggression, and describe five biological factors and three psychosocial factors that may contribute to its expression.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
150) Define the three different types of prevention that may be employed to deal with the problem of aggressive behaviors.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
151) Define altruism and diffusion of responsibility, then use Latane and Darley's research to describe how you could increase the likelihood of getting help if your car broke down on a busy freeway.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
152) Describe three key factors in interpersonal attraction and state how each contributes to either the initiation or maintenance of a relationship.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 15.3 Social Relations
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
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