Test Questions & Answers Skeletal System Chapter 14

Medical Language for Modern Health Care, 4e (Allan)

Chapter 14 Skeletal System

1) A person trained as an orthopedic technologist can be expected to

A) assist in the application of physical therapy.

B) manually manipulate joints, particularly the spine.

C) evaluate and treat pain, disease, or injury through physical therapeutic measures.

D) assist orthopedic surgeons in their treatment of patients.

E) design orthopedic appliances such as artificial limbs.

2) What are the four components of the skeletal system?

A) Bones, collagen, tendons, and ligaments

B) Bones, tendons, muscles, and cartilage

C) Spine, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage

D) Collagen, cartilage, bones, and ligaments

E) Ligaments, tendons, bones, and cartilage

3) Which of the following statements is true regarding the functions of the skeletal system?

A) The rib cage protects the intestines.

B) Muscles are not attached to bones; they are responsible for movement.

C) The bones of the ribs, wrists, and ankles hold up the body.

D) The vertebral column protects the spinal cord.

E) Tendons support and hold bones together.

4) In the term detoxification, identify the prefix and its meaning.

A) de; pertaining to

B) toxi; poison

C) de; from, out of

D) fication; remove

E) detox; substance

5) The term that means tissue consisting of contractile cells is

A) tendon.

B) ligament

C) fascia.

D) collagen.

E) muscle.

6) Bone growth is affected by all of the following factors EXCEPT

A) hydration.

B) hormones.

C) vitamins.

D) nutrition.

E) exercise.

7) In the term epiphysis, what does the root mean?

A) Above

B) Within

C) Growth

D) Pertaining to

E) Embryo

8) Which of the following terms refers to the fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones?

A) Lacuna

B) Matrix

C) Cortex

D) Marrow

E) Periosteum

9) What is the plural form of the singular medical term that refers to one of the bones of the spinal column?

A) Cervicles

B) Lumbars

C) Laminae

D) Thoraces

E) Vertebrae

10) Which of the following terms, meaning the specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries to the foot, is spelled correctly?

A) Pediatry

B) Podiatry

C) Pedietry

D) Podiatrie

E) Podiatary

11) In the term periosteum, identify the prefix and its meaning.

A) peri; around

B) eum; bone structure

C) um; creation of new bone

D) osteum; bone structure

E) peri; membrane surrounding bone

12) What is the name of the bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint?

A) Talus

B) Calcaneus

C) Metatarsus

D) Fibula

E) Tarsus

13) Which of the following disorders refers to the condition in which there is overstretching or tearing of the dense sheet of fascia that supports the arch of the foot?

A) Clubfoot

B) Achilles tendinitis

C) Plantar fasciitis

D) Tarsalitis

E) Pes planus

14) Which of the following characteristics is used to determine how a bone is classified?

A) Size

B) Shape

C) Location in the body

D) Function

E) Density

15) Choose the correctly spelled term that refers to the shaft of a long bone.

A) Diaphesis

B) Epyphisis

C) Epiphysis

D) Diaphysis

E) Diaphisis

16) In the term osteomyelitis, what does the root refer to?

A) Bone

B) Bone marrow

C) Inflammation

D) Infection

E) Muscle

17) Which of the following diseases has the same pathologic effect on bones as rickets?

A) Achondroplasia

B) Osteomalacia

C) Osteopenia

D) Sarcoma

E) Osteomyelitis

18) In the term endosteum, the prefix means

A) within.

B) surrounding.

C) enlarged.

D) bone.

E) tissue.

19) Cells that produce the matrix of new bone tissue are called

A) medullary cells.

B) osteoblasts.

C) osteogenerators.

D) osteocytes.

E) osteoclasts.

20) The word element that means cell is

A) -blast.

B) -genesis.

C) -clast.

D) -cyte.

E) osteo-.

21) Which of the following statements correctly describes the blood supply to bones?

A) The blood supply is slow because of the density of most bones.

B) Bones receive less blood than other structures and organs.

C) The blood flow through bones is dependent upon movement of the body.

D) Blood travels through the bone in a system of small canals.

E) The blood supply is generated from the bone marrow.

22) In the term meniscectomy, what does the suffix mean?

A) Excision

B) Anastomosis

C) Reduction

D) To splice

E) Incision

23) An inherited condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones is

A) osteoporosis.

B) osteomalacia.

C) osteogenesis imperfecta.

D) osteogenic sarcoma.

E) achondroplasia.

24) The medical term for the collarbone is the

A) humerus.

B) ulna.

C) scapula.

D) acromion.

E) clavicle.

25) Which of the following bones, referring to the larger of the two bones of the lower leg, is spelled correctly?

A) Fibula

B) Fibia

C) Tibia

D) Tibea

E) Tebia

26) What is the plural form of the medical term that means disc of connective tissue cartilage between the bones of a joint, for example, in the knee joint?

A) Meniscus

B) Menisci

C) Meniscuses

D) Menisca

E) Meniscae

27) Which of the following terms means an incomplete dislocation when some contact between joint surfaces remains?

A) Reduction

B) Transection

C) Subluxation

D) Rotation

E) Resection

28) A type of bone fracture in which the bone breaks into several pieces is classified as a ________ fracture.

A) closed

B) complete

C) comminuted

D) pathologic

E) compression

29) Sutures between the bones occur in which of the following areas of the body?

A) Ankles

B) Wrists

C) Knees

D) Skull

E) Vertebrae

30) In the term syndesmosis, what does the suffix mean?

A) Bolt or nail

B) Bind together

C) Condition

D) Pertaining to

E) Fiber

31) Which of the following terms refers to movement of a body part anterior to the coronal plane?

A) Abduction

B) Adduction

C) Rotation

D) Flexion

E) Extension

32) A patient lying on his or her stomach is said to be in a ________ position.

33) Which of the following conditions is caused by the breakdown and eventual destruction of cartilage in a joint?

A) Rheumatoid arthritis

B) Osteomalacia

C) Gout

D) Osteoarthritis

E) Bursitis

34) An abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column is called ________.

35) Which of the following terms means fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery?

A) Arthrocentesis

B) Arthrodesis

C) Arthroplasty

D) Arthroscopy

E) Arthrotomy

36) What is the abbreviation for the classification of drugs such as ibuprofen, which are commonly used to treat musculoskeletal disorders?

A) DMD

B) NSAID

C) PCP

D) RICE

E) CBC

37) Choose the correct spelling for the long bone in the upper arm.

A) Humerous

B) Humeris

C) Heumerous

D) Humerious

E) Humerus

38) Which of the following terms refers to the surgical removal of hypertrophied connective tissue to release a contracture?

A) Arthrodesis

B) Arthroplasty

C) Fasciectomy

D) Amputation

E) Synovectomy

39) In the term avascular necrosis, what does the term necrosis refer to?

A) Cut off

B) Non-weight-bearing

C) Without a blood supply

D) Death

E) Wasting

40) The term which refers to an opening through a structure is

A) fenestrated.

B) avulsion.

C) foramen.

D) herniation.

E) intervertebral.

41) The root in the term sarcoma means

A) sacrum.

B) without.

C) tumor, mass.

D) flesh.

E) deficient.

42) What is the meaning of the term gomphoses?

A) An inherited condition when bone formation is incomplete

B) Decreased calcification of bone

C) A malignant tumor originating in connective tissue

D) Pegs that fit into sockets and are held in place by fine collagen fibers

E) Cartilage that looks like frosted glass and contains fine collagen fibers

43) The manual adjustment of joints, particularly the spine, to maintain and restore health is performed by a(n)

A) orthopedic surgeon.

B) chiropractor.

C) physical therapist.

D) physiatrist.

E) osteopathic physician.

44) The two minerals stored by the skeletal system are

A) calcium and phosphorus.

B) calcium and iron.

C) sodium and potassium.

D) magnesium and zinc.

E) calcium and chlorine.

45) The condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and are more likely to fracture is called

A) osteogenesis.

B) osteomalacia.

C) osteoclasis.

D) osteoporosis.

E) osteomyelitis.

46) In the term osteopenia, the suffix means

A) abnormal condition.

B) deficiency.

C) creation.

D) storage.

E) breakdown.

47) A fracture that occurs at a site already weakened by a disease process such as cancer is called a ________ fracture.

48) In the term adduction, the prefix means

A) against.

B) toward.

C) above.

D) below.

E) around.

49) The term that means surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint is ________.

50) An abbreviation that refers to a wear and tear disease caused by the breakdown and eventual destruction of cartilage in a joint, such as osteoarthritis, is

A) RA.

B) THR.

C) DJD.

D) PIP.

E) BMD.

51) An x-ray of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium into the joint is called a(n)

A) arthroscopy.

B) arthroplasty.

C) arthrocentesis.

D) arthrography.

E) arthrodesis.

52) In the term interphalangeal, the prefix means

A) between.

B) within.

C) alongside.

D) above.

E) around.

53) The vertebrae that pertain to the neck region are called ________ vertebrae.

54) An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called

A) lordosis.

B) scoliosis.

C) kyphosis.

D) whiplash.

E) herniation.

55) The medical terms for upper jawbone and lower jawbone are

A) concha, ethmoid

B) mandible, masseter

C) zygoma, occipital

D) maxilla, mandible

E) parietal, palatine

56) The correct spelling of the term that means an incomplete dislocation in which some contact between joint surfaces remains is

A) subluksation.

B) subluxation.

C) subluxashun.

D) subluction.

E) sublaction.

57) A patient has a rash on the flat anterior surface of the hand. The physician writes in the patient's medical record that the patient has a ________ rash.

A) plantar.

B) palmar.

C) dorsal.

D) hypothenaral.

E) thenaral.

58) Bony lumps on the terminal phalanx of the fingers, called Heberden nodes, are often associated with which of the following conditions?

A) Rheumatoid arthritis

B) Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

C) Dupuytren contracture

D) Osteoarthritis

E) Rheumatism

59) A disease which occurs most commonly in women, with onset between the ages of 20 and 50, and characterized by destruction of joint surfaces, joint capsule, and ligaments causing marked deformity and joint instability is

A) rheumatism.

B) osteoarthritis.

C) rheumatoid arthritis.

D) Dupuytren contracture.

E) tenosynovitis

60) A surgical procedure involving the complete replacement of the hip joint with a metal prosthesis is called a(n) ________.

61) The process of removing a limb, a part of a limb, a breast, or some other projecting part of the body is called a(n) ________.

62) The term which means muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis is

A) contracture.

B) deformity.

C) instability.

D) flexor.

E) stenosis.

63) The root in the term orthopedic means

A) Pertaining to

B) Bone

C) Straight

D) Specialist

E) Child

64) The suffix in the term osteoclast means

A) build up.

B) embryonic.

C) break down.

D) creation.

E) bone.

65) Women at risk for developing osteoporosis should have a bone mineral density (BMD) screening using which of the following procedures?

A) MRI

B) CT

C) FDA

D) PET

E) DEXA

66) In the term achondroplasia, what does the suffix mean?

A) Without

B) Formation

C) Growth

D) Cartilage

E) Surgical repair

67) The suffix in the term sarcoma means

A) tumor.

B) sacrum.

C) flesh.

D) cancer.

E) muscle.

68) A type of fracture, occurring most commonly in children, in which one side of the bone is partially broken and the other side is bent is called a(n) ________ fracture.

A) hairline

B) greenstick

C) spiral

D) incomplete

E) impacted

69) The joint movement in which a person rotates his or her forearm so that the palm is facing upward is called ________.

70) The visual examination of the interior of a joint is called an

A) arthroscope.

B) arthrography.

C) arthroplasty.

D) arthroscopy.

E) arthrocentesis.

71) The function of the intervertebral discs is to

A) keep the vertebral column straight.

B) provide cushioning for the vertebral column.

C) manufacture all blood cells.

D) hold bundles of nerves together as they leave the spinal cord.

E) provide support for blood vessels that nourish the spinal column.

72) The adjective form of the term thorax is

A) thoraxial.

B) thoraxic.

C) thoracic.

D) thoracal.

E) thoraxical.

73) The abbreviation for the joint that acts like a hinge when one opens and closes the mouth is

A) DJD.

B) PIP.

C) MMJ.

D) TMJ.

E) TTJ.

74) The plural form of the singular term that means a bone of a finger or toe is

A) phalanx.

B) phalanges.

C) phalanices.

D) phalangis.

E) phalangia.

75) In the term metacarpal, what does the prefix mean?

A) Below

B) Behind

C) Above

D) After

E) Around

76) The fibrous band that connects muscle to bone is a

A) tendon.

B) ligament.

C) fascia.

D) periosteum.

E) cartilage.

77) The term which means creation of new bone is ________.

78) The term resorption means

A) bone formation.

B) bone loss.

C) storage of calcium.

D) reabsorption of fluid.

E) circulation of blood.

79) The root in the term hematoma means

A) tumor, mass.

B) liver.

C) blood.

D) red blood cell.

E) striated muscle.

80) The three vitamins needed for bone growth are

A) vitamin K, vitamin E, and vitamin C.

B) vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin D.

C) vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin K.

D) vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.

E) vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C.

81) Construct a medical term that means inflammation of the bone and bone marrow.

A) osteo + myel + itis

B) myel + oste + itis

C) oste + itis

D) osteo + arthr + itis

E) peri + oste + itis

82) Cortical bone is also known as ________ bone.

A) spongy

B) compact

C) medullary

D) epiphyseal

E) callus

83) Choose the statement the correctly describes the condition achondroplasia.

A) A genetic disease in which bones are abnormally porous and weak

B) The breakdown of muscle releasing myoglobin into the bloodstream

C) A congenital condition in which an extremity is lacking bones

D) A genetic condition in which leads to a form of dwarfism

E) A condition that results in short stature as a result of malnutrition during pregnancy

84) The medical term osteopenia means

A) formation of bone.

B) softening of bone.

C) decreased calcification of bone.

D) cancer of bone.

E) over-production of bone cells.

85) A type of cancer that originates from bone cells is called

A) osteogenic sarcoma.

B) rhabdomyoma.

C) carcinocytoma.

D) osteocytoma.

E) osteocarinoma.

86) The abbreviation Fx stands for

A) fixation.

B) fracture.

C) formation.

D) failure.

E) flexion.

87) The radiologist noticed a ________ formation on the patient's rib, indicating a healed fracture.

A) suture

B) sarcoma

C) callus

D) ricket

E) fibrocartilage

88) A closed sac of synovial fluid that reduces friction between a soft tissue and a bone is called a

A) disc.

B) meniscus.

C) bursa.

D) symphysis.

E) foramina.

89) ________ cartilage is found on the end of bones that make up a synovial joint.

A) Periosteal

B) Synovial

C) Articular

D) Meniscal

E) Medullary

90) The radiologist ordered an x-ray of the hand in a pronated position. The radiologic technician positioned the palm of the hand facing

A) up.

B) down.

C) toward midline.

D) away from midline.

E) across the chest.

91) The patient was unable to bend forward at the waist. Proper documentation of this in the medical record would be an inability to ________ the spine.

A) flex

B) extend

C) laterally rotate

D) medially rotate

E) circumduct

92) The occupational therapist wanted the patient to abduct their fingers. He would instruct the patient to

A) "Closed your hand into a fist."

B) "Open your hand, like you are slapping something."

C) "Bring your fingers close together."

D) "Spread your fingers apart."

E) "Make circular motions with each finger."

93) The patient complained of pain in the joint between the fingers and hand. The medical assistant would document this as pain in the ________ joints.

A) metacarpophalangeal

B) temporomandibular

C) acromoclavicular

D) radiocarpal

E) metatarsal

94) The bone that makes up the lower portion of the nasal septum is the

A) concha.

B) vomer.

C) ethmoid.

D) palatine.

E) zygoma.

95) The forearm bone that is located on the thumb side of the hand is the

A) carpus

B) ulna

C) radius

D) humerus

E) fibula

96) A synonym for Hallux valgus is

A) ingrown toenail

B) fasciitis

C) bunion

D) flat foot

E) gout

97) A synonym for pes planus is

A) fasciitis

B) flat foot

C) bunion

D) ingrown toenail

E) talipes equinovarus

98) A painful arthritis of the big toe caused by a buildup of uric acid in the blood is

A) gout.

B) plantar fasciitis.

C) talipes equinovarus.

D) Pott fracture.

E) osteoarthritis.

99) Choose the correct pronunciation of the medical term osteomalacia.

A) ost-ee-oh-MAL-aye-sha

B) OS-tee-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah

C) os-TEO-may-lay-see-AH

D) OST-ee-oh-mal-ah-SEE-ah

E) os-TEE-oh-may-lay-sha

100) A type of fracture in which the skin over the fracture site is broken is called a(n) ________ fracture.

101) Choose the correct pronunciation of the medical term vertebral.

A) ver-TEE-brah-al

B) VERT-ee-bral

C) ver-TEE-bral

D) VER-teh-bral

E) vert-EE-brah-al

102) Choose the correct plural form of the singular medical term foramen.

A) Foramens

B) Foramina

C) Foramena

D) Foraminae

E) Foraminus

103) Choose the correct plural form of the singular medical term scapula.

A) Scapulas

B) Scapulum

C) Scapulae

D) Scapuli

E) Scapules

104) The classification of drugs labeled DMARD is used to treat which of the following conditions?

A) Osteoarthritis

B) Osteogenesis imperfecta

C) Osteoporosis

D) Achondroplasia

E) Rheumatoid arthritis

105) Construct a medical term that means cutting into the fascia.

A) fasc + otomy

B) fasci + ectomy

C) fasciio + tomy

D) fascio + tomy

E) fasc + ectomy