Test Questions & Answers Living Primates Chapter.5 2e

CHAPTER 5: TEST BANK QUESTIONS

KNOWLEDGE OF KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (12):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) The word primate comes from the Latin for “of the first rank” and was the word Linnaeus used in his taxonomic system because

a. religious authorities demanded that all texts be written in Latin

b. Linnaeus only wrote and conversed in Latin

c. he took for granted the idea that humans were closer to divine powers

d. he wanted to be sure that his system saw the widest possible use and Latin was popular when he created the system

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) One important adaptation found in New World monkeys is the presence of

a. a longer thumb

b. a prehensile tail

c. a wet nose

d. color that blends into the surrounding habitat

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) Anthropologists often study primates to broaden understanding of

a. the phylogeny of hominoids

b. the genetic makeup of humans and other primates

c. the evolution of social behavior in humans

d. the evolution of tool making in humans

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) Ethnoprimatology is an emerging field that studies

a. the interface between human and ape communities

b. differences in the evolutionary trajectories of humans and apes

c. the histories of primate communities, including humans and apes

d. the daily life of apes and monkeys

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) A dominance hierarchy exists when members of the same group have

a. specific individuals who possess greater physical strength than others

b. an agreed upon “pecking order” that allows individuals to mate with others

c. ranking relative to others that establishes access to resources

d. a relationship with other groups that allows them to establish peaceful relations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) Among the Bonobo chimpanzees, social conflict is often resolved through sexual activity. This is a form of

a. affiliation

b. dominance

c. behavior modification

d. reconciliation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 7

7) Socioecological pressures are forces that modify primate behaviors and can include all of the following except

a. locomotion

b. altruism

c. nutrition

d. competition

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 8

8) In some species of primates, females and their relatives and young are socially organized around

a. dimorphic units

b. analogous units

c. dominant units

d. matrifocal units

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 9

9) One striking difference between the social behavior found in common chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, and in bonobo chimpanzees, Pan paniscus, is that of

a. foraging strategies

b. dominance relationships

c. sexual relationships

d. fertility signals from females

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 10

10) Social behavior patterns observed in one species that look like behavior patterns in another, but which do not arise from a shared ancestry, are known as

a. non-ancestral behaviors

b. homologous behaviors

c. analogous behaviors

d. inherited behaviors

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 11

11) For much of its early history, physical anthropology was associated with what methodology?

a. gene decoding

b. facial recognition methodology

c. measurement and classification of skulls according to racial characteristics

d. primatological field studies

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 12

12) An example of how modern humans differ from primates is

a. cultural variations in mating patterns

b. intensive caring for the young

c. the importance of social cooperation

d. the use of tools

Fill in the Blank (6):

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 1

1) Strepsirrhines are __________ dwelling creatures.

a. arboreal

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 2

2) Monkeys, apes, and humans are all referred to as __________.

a. anthropoids

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 3

3) Our understanding of the Ebola virus may be improved by research on human-ape interactions, such as that done by __________.

a. ethnoprimatologists

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 4

4) Behavioral ecologists call the favoring of a genetic relative over a more distant relative __________.

a. kin selection.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 5

5) The act of primates leaving their group when they enter reproductive maturity is known as __________.

a. dispersal

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 6

6) Among the primate Pan paniscus (bonobo chimpanzee), dominance interactions resulting in disputes are often resolved through the use of __________.

a. non-reproductive sex.

True/False (5):

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 1

1) Most primates rely extensively on their sense of smell.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 2

2) Primates often live in groups in order to avoid predators.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 3

3) It is easy to identify direct causal links between genes and behavior.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 4

4) Behavioral ecology uses a comparative approach to evaluate differences among primates.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 5 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts True/False Question 5

5) The term hominine refers to humans and great apes.

a. True

b. False

COMPREHENSION OF FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (12):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) Primates rely extensively on all the characteristics listed below except

a. manual dexterity

b. stereoscopic vision

c. sense of smell

d. larger brain

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) The anatomy of Haplorrhines is considerably more varied than that of Strepsirrhines in large part because

a. they mature much more rapidly

b. they are more diverse in their lifeways

c. they are subject to a wider range of diseases

d. there are a larger number of different species

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) All the characteristics listed below are common behavior patterns found in all primates except

a. mother-infant bond

b. affiliation and grooming

c. father-son bond

d. cooperation and conflict

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) When children in the United States reach a certain age, they often move out of their parents’ home and into their own living space, something anthropologists refer to as

a. dispersal

b. rite of passage

c. leaving home

d. age of consent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) When behavioral ecologists study socioecological pressures on primates, they are primarily interested in

a. nutrition

b. locomotion

c. predation

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) The evolution of the tail among New World monkeys reflects an adaptation to their environment and would be of interest to a

a. cultural anthropologist

b. forensic anthropologist

c. evolutionary psychologist

d. behavioral ecologist

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 7

7) The concept of costs and benefits is useful to understand

a. the payback associated with an investment

b. energy expenditure in an organism

c. the success of a reproductive strategy

d. whether fitness in an organism is maximized

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 8

8) A crucial limitation of cost-benefit analysis in primates is

a. the inability of researchers to discern actual thought processes in non-human primates

b. that it overlooks individual behavior

c. the oversimplification of population dynamics and complexity

d. the environmental changes that are beyond the control of the individual

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 9

9) One of the distinguishing features of the different primate groups is

a. the wide genetic disparity found in all higher level primates

b. the characteristics of their social behavior and social organization

c. the extent and scope of sexual dimorphism

d. sizes of populations that live together in groups

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 10

10) The term “culture” often implies socially transmitted learning. While such learning has been observed in many different species, including non-primates, a primatologist would likely argue that this learning is different among primates because

a. social learning can only be understood in the context of larger group behavior

b. social learning is entirely context-dependent and cannot be isolated along the lines of a single species

c. social learning in other species is confined to single behaviors

d. non-human species, whether primate or other, do not have the ability to learn and transmit across generations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 11

11) When considering the question “do apes have culture?” anthropologists typically emphasize that culture is more than the transmission of social behaviors across generations and cannot be understood by

a. evaluation of morphological and genetic components of a species

b. universalizing symbolic abstraction

c. changing the language used to describe culture

d. studying behavior alone

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts Multiple Choice Question 12

12) From the anthropological perspective, culture, paired with language, makes our species distinct because

a. we are able to communicate knowledge that is inaccessible to other organisms and disseminate that knowledge

b. we are able to make tools

c. our morphology, such as an opposable thumb, allows us to manipulate our environment to meet our needs

d. we are able to examine our own past and draw conclusions about our current trajectory, thus effecting change

Fill in the Blank (4):

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension Of Fundamental Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 1

1) Orangutans and humans are not simply anthropoids but also __________.

a. hominoids

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension Of Fundamental Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 2

2) Differences in height and strength between the males and females of a species are referred to as __________.

a. sexual dimorphism.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension Of Fundamental Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 3

3) Among chimpanzee and bonobo populations, tool use is more prolific among __________.

a. females

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension Of Fundamental Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 4

4) Primatologists are unsure if observed patterns of social behavior in humans and chimpanzees are __________ or __________.

a. Analogous, homologous

True/False (4):

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts True/False Question 1

1) Old World monkeys are exclusively terrestrial dwellers.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts True/False Question 2

2) Studying both humans and other primates can also include understanding how humans think about other primates.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts True/False Question 3

3) Dominance among primates is an inborn trait.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 5 Comprehension of Fundamental Concepts True/False Question 4

4) Males and females in a given primate population may be co-dominant.

a. True

b. False

APPLICATION OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (6):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) Chimpanzees can suffer from polio. If you wanted to develop a chimpanzee polio vaccine, you would likely discover that

a. the pharmaceutical industry would invest heavily because of the potential for profitability

b. opposition from human polio sufferers would be strong

c. research and testing on apes are tightly regulated by many governments because of their close similarity to humans

d. few people care enough about chimpanzees to worry

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) If you applied a behavioral ecology perspective to understanding a college student’s dietary patterns, you would likely be most interested in

a. the wide mix of foods in the cafeteria

b. how much physical effort a student puts in to get food and how many calories they actually consume

c. who students eat with

d. dominance patterns and sexual dimorphism in the cafeteria

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) If you wanted to study pair-bonding among bonobos as a window into understanding the evolution of human pair-bonding, you might encounter some difficulty because

a. bonobos can’t talk openly about their relationships and mating habits

b. it is fairly straightforward to secure both permission and funding to study ape mating and pair-bonding

c. the wide range of marriage and kinship patterns among humans undermines any easy comparisons between the species

d. most institutional review boards prohibit the study of ape sexuality and behavior

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) Suppose you wanted to study the reasoning behind why men use a particular hair product to attract sexual partners. As a biological anthropologist, you might be very likely to examine this through the lens of

a. grooming

b. affiliation

c. dominance hierarchy

d. cooperative behavior patterns

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) The difference between a fight or flight response in an antelope and that of a primate can be seen in the latter’s exposure to

a. a wider range of threats

b. the continuous presence of threat forces

c. social learning and culture

d. the different ways that the organisms are enculturated

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) In comparing humans, apes, and monkeys, one significant factor that separates humans from both apes and monkeys is

a. differences between male and female sexual behavior

b. differences in susceptibility to disease

c. differences in genetic makeup

d. differences between male and female life patterns

Short Answer (3):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Short Answer Question 1

1) Which elements of the ethnographic method might be applicable to the study of monkeys and apes?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Short Answer Question 2

2) Could you employ the term “culture” to explain the behavior of Norway rats, who also have socially transmitted learning? Why or why not?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Short Answer Question 3

3) Given what you have read and understood about evolution and primates, explain what is meant by the idea of “socially transmitted learning.”

Essay (3):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Essay Question 1

1) Behavioral ecology has been used widely to study primates, but do you think it is applicable to the study of human behavior?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Essay Question 2

2) What does biological anthropology offer us in regards to a deeper understanding of threatened ape species, such as chimpanzees and gorillas, and how it might be possible to lessen the threats against them?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Application of Anthropological Concepts Essay Question 3

3) Explain how human agriculture and technology make us similar to and different from apes.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

Essays (4):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Opportunities for Analysis and Synthesis Essay Question 1

1) Recent studies in marine science indicate that the octopus has a sophisticated ability to problem-solve, in some ways parallel with chimpanzees and humans. Although there are obvious morphological differences between primates and octopuses, why might this similarity exist, and what does such evidence suggest about the distinctiveness of primate intelligence?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Opportunities for Analysis and Synthesis Essay Question 2

2) How are humans similar to and distinct from chimpanzees?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Opportunities for Analysis and Synthesis Essay Question 3

3) What meaning and relevance do studies of chimpanzee or gorilla lifeways have in the human world?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 5 Opportunities for Analysis and Synthesis Essay Question 4

4) Anthropologists have ethical concerns about cultural diversity and the vanishing lifeways of threatened peoples. Do anthropologists have a similar moral or ethical responsibility to consider the plight of other species, such as chimpanzees and gorillas, in their efforts to document vanishing lifeways?