Test Questions & Answers Learning About Danger The Ch20 - Neurobiology Learning 3e | Test Bank Rudy by Jerry W. Rudy. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 20: Learning about Danger: The Neurobiology of Fear Memories
Test Bank
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 1
1. Behavioral systems are specialized, and each has its own neural components.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 2
2. Fleeing is the dominant and most effective defensive behavior in rodents.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 3
3. Freezing is the dominant and most effective defensive behavior in rodents.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 4
4. According to the predatory imminence hypothesis, when the prey spots a predator at a distance, its first response will be to flee.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 5
5. Learning and memory processes provide the primary way to link stimuli to the neural systems that support fear behavior.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 6
6. Caroline and Robert Blanchard found that human defensive behavior resembles that observed in animal models.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 7
7. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) produces freezing and analgesia.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 8
8. The ITC-b cluster normally excites central amygdala neurons.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 9
9. The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, released by ITCs, increase defensive behaviors.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 10
10. Extinction neurons project to ITC-b cells.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 11
11. To generate fear behavior, the neurons in the central amygdala must be depolarized.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 12
12. Inactivating prelimbic neurons does not affect the expression of fear behaviors.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 13
13. Mark Bouton’s research found evidence against the associative loss hypothesis.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 14
14. Mark Bouton’s research found evidence that extinction produces new learning.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 15
15. The fundamental outcome produced by extinction training is to change synaptic connections that will increase inhibitory control over neurons in the central amygdala.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 16
16. Spontaneous recovery could be the result of intrinsic mechanisms that produce forgetting.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 17
17. Preventing AMPA receptor endocytosis can prevent spontaneous recovery.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 18
18. Injecting an enzyme that degrades the perineuronal net into the BLA prior to or after fear conditioning erases the fear memory in adult rodents.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 19
19. If the partial NMDA agonist DCS is injected either before or immediately after extinction training, the next day the rodents display reduced extinction.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 20
20. APV and the selective GluN2B antagonist ifenprodil enhances the extinction of the fear response.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 21
21. In infant rats younger than three weeks, extinction seems to erase some aspect of the fear memory.
a. True
b. False
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 22
22. Why are behavioral systems necessary?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 23
23. Briefly describe the contributions of Robert Bolles.
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 24
24. Which brain structures are responsible for generating fear behaviors?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 25
25. What is the evidence that midbrain subcortical nuclei are responsible for generating fear behaviors?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 26
26. Which three components of the amygdala are relevant to the fear system?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 27
27. Describe the neural components of the fear system in as much detail as possible.
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 28
28. What are the differences between the subcortical pathway and the cortical pathway? Which one provides richer representations of the experience?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 29
29. Where are clusters of intercalated cells (ITCs) located?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 30
30. The basal nucleus contains two types of neurons. What are they and what are their respective functions?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 31
31. Neurons in the prelimbic region are reciprocally connected to fear neurons in the basal nucleus to amplify the fear signal. What is the evidence for this statement?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 32
32. Which brain region can serve to amplify the fear signal?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 33
33. In the context of neurobiology, provide the meaning of extinction?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 34
34. What three observations support the belief that extinction produces new learning?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 35
35. The CS–noUS association can be thought of as a reconfigured fear circuit that allows the extinguished CS to suppress the central amygdala. Explain this assertion.
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 36
36. Consider this statement: Synaptic changes that depend on NMDA receptors play a central role in the new learning that produces extinction. Defend this statement.
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 37
37. D-cycloserine (DCS) is an agonist for the NMDA glycine site. When it is given before or after extinction training, it facilitates the processes that produce extinction. How was it used therapeutically in people with acrophobia? What were the results?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 38
38. What are perineuronal nets?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 39
39. How are perineuronal nets connected to fear extinction?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 20 - Question 40
40. What is the evidence that perineuronal nets support processes that protect from erasure the synapses strengthened by fear conditioning?