Test Questions & Answers Generalizability And Sampling Ch.5 - Comprehensive Test Bank | Understanding the Social World 2e by Schutt by Russel K. Schutt. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank
Chapter 5: Generalizability and Sampling
Multiple Choice
1. A(n) ______ is a list from which elements of populations are selected for a sample.
a. population
b. survey
c. element
d. sampling frame
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Sample Components and the Population
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The entire set of individuals or other entities to which study findings will be generalized is the ______.
a. population
b. sample
c. target population
d. sampling frame
Learning Objective: 5.1: Distinguish the two meanings of generalizability.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Sample Components and the Population
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. What is the term for a subset of the population used to study the population as a whole?
a. target population
b. sampling frame
c. sample
d. element
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. How can a researcher test the validity of cross-population generalizations?
a. setting higher confidence intervals
b. conducting more research in other sites
c. reducing sampling error
d. selecting a larger sample
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. A survey that takes measurements from all elements of a population is also known as a ______ sample.
a. representative
b. disproportionate representative
c. proportionate representative
d. probability
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. If one third of all elements in a population will be selected for a simple random sample, what is the probability of selection for each element in the population?
a. 0.05
b. 0.13
c. 0.33
d. 0.67
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. In the population of New Town, 30 percent of the people work for Bigg Corporation, 30 percent work in the public sector (including education), and 40 per cent are self-employed. In a survey of 100 residents of New Town, 40 people worked for Bigg Corporation, 40 per cent worked in the public sector, and 20 people were self-employed. This sample was ______.
a. overrepresented
b. underrepresented
c. non-probabilistic
d. unrepresentative
Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain when nonprobability sampling methods may be preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. When nothing but chance determines the elements selected for a sample, there is no ______.
a. sampling error
b. probability of selection
c. parameter
d. confidence interval
Learning Objective: 5.6: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of the population included in the sample.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. A researcher gets a list of all 500 members of Social Club Z that she wants to include in her study. She only has the funding and time to survey 50 members. She takes her list of members, randomly selects a starting point, and then selects every tenth name from the list to be included in her sample. In this example, the sampling interval is ______.
a. 500
b. 5
c. 50
d.10
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Systematic Random Sampling
Difficulty Level: Hard
11. Periodicity occurs in which type of sampling design?
a. simple random
b. systematic random
c. stratified random
d. multistage cluster
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Systematic Random Sampling
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. A researcher studying small town religiosity in the United States randomly selected 10 states. From these states, he randomly selected one tenth of all counties. From these counties, he randomly selected one tenth of cities with populations smaller than 10,000. From these towns, he obtained lists of all houses of worship and randomly selected three. From these, he selected ten practitioners to be interviewed. In this example, states and counties are examples of ______.
a. clusters
b. populations
c. sampling
d. systematic bias
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Cluster Sampling
Difficulty Level: Hard
13. Which two sampling methods require that the researcher know something about the salient characteristics of the population (such as race, ethnicity, or gender) before selecting samples?
a. simple random and stratified random
b. stratified random and quota
c. quota and multi-stage cluster
d. multi-stage cluster and purposive
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Which of the following is a means for generating a random sample?
a. stopping the first people you meet on the street
b. flipping a coin
c. selecting a specific representative
d. conducting focus groups
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Quota sampling is advisable when ______.
a. salient characteristics about the population are known before the sample is drawn
b. a sampling frame is unavailable
c. salient characteristics about the population are unknown
d. the diversity of a population needs to be assessed
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Quota Sampling
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. A list of 1000 students in alphabetical order has been provided to you, and you want a sample of 50. Using systematic random sampling techniques, what is the sampling interval?
a. 1/50
b. 1/20
c. 10
d. 20
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Systematic Random Sampling
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. In purposive sampling, a researcher should continue to select interviewees until which of the following goals has been achieved?
a. Quotas have been met.
b. Completeness and saturation have been achieved.
c. Time and other resources have run out.
d. Probability of selection has been determined.
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Purposive Sampling
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. A researcher has decided to do a study of people who hunt in a nearby national forest. He asks a friend, whom he knows to be a hunter, if he would consent to an interview. He interviews his friend, and then asks his friend if he could name other people who hunted in the forest. His friend provides him with five names. The researcher contacts those five people, interviews them, and asks each of those people for names of other hunters. This sampling technique is known as ______.
a. casual sampling
b. personal sampling
c. key informant interviewing
d. snowball sampling
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Snowball Sampling
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. You have a population of 100, with 20 per cent of them male and 80 per cent female. The mean income for men is $100,000 and for women is $68,000. To estimate the mean income for the entire population, what is the weight you should use for the male population?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 40
d. 80
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Systematic Random Sampling
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Which of the following statements is true about each sample element in a purposive sample?
a. They are randomly selected.
b. They are selected for a purpose.
c. They are a subset of a larger population.
d. They are necessary to meet a quota.
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Purposive Sampling
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. Individual members of a sample are referred to as ______.
a. elements
b. sampling frame
c. a population
d. sampling unit
Learning Objective: 5.6: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of the population included in the sample.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Sample ______ is determined by the amount of ______.
a. generalizability; sampling error
b. validity; generalizability
c. findings; validity
d. quotas; sampling units
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. The difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of the population being studied is referred to as sampling ______.
a. units
b. quotas
c. error
d. target
Learning Objective: 5.2: Identify the circumstances that make sampling unnecessary and the reasons they are rare.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. A sample is known as a ______ sample when it “looks like” the population from which it has been selected in all respects relevant to the study.
a. representative
b. population
c. target
d. census
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. When you study an entire population of interest, rather than drawing a sample, you are conducting a ______.
a. survey
b. census
c. system review
d. representative Sample
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and the sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. People who are selected but do not participate in a study are referred to as ______.
a. the sample
b. probability targets
c. the probability of selection
d. non-respondents
Learning Objective: 5.6: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of the population included in the sample.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. ______ is the value of a statistic computed using data from an entire population.
a. Population parameter
b. Inferential statistic
c. Random sample error
d. Sample statistic
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Error
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. When there is a difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of a population it is known as a(n) ______.
a. biased result
b. census
c. sampling error
d. outlier
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. When a sample has an underrepresentation of certain population characteristics because of the method used to select the sample, this is known as ______.
a. a probability sample
b. a random sample
c. a sampling error
d. systematic bias
Learning Objective: 5.6: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of the population included in the sample.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Probability Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
30. ______ are used to calculate ______.
a. Inferential statistics; sampling error
b. Random samples; populations
c. Disproportionate stratified sampling; clusters
d. Population parameters; elements
Learning Objective: 5.6: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of the population included in the sample.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Error
Difficulty Level: Hard
31. Nonprobability samples are used in which type of research?
a. quantitative
b. qualitative
c. mixed methods
d. internet based
Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain when nonprobability sampling methods may be preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Nonprobability Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. What is a tool for gathering generalizable data?
a. sampling
b. analysis
c. inferential statistics
d. nonprobability methods
Learning Objective: 5.6: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of the population included in the sample.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Conclusions
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. ______ sampling methods rely on random selection procedures, such as flipping a coin.
a. Probability
b. Census
c. Target
d. Population
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. Dr. Wong is studying the frequency of binge drinking on a college. She interviews a sample of students about their alcohol consumption and generalizes the results. What is the target population for her study?
a. the complete student body on campus
b. the set of students interviewed
c. college students across the country
d. students who consume alcohol
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Defining Sample Components and the Population
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. Which research technique would make it unnecessary to draw a sample?
a. census
b. survey
c. interviews
d. representative sample
Learning Objective: 5.2: Identify the circumstances that make sampling unnecessary and the reasons they are rare.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. Generating a set of individuals that give us a valid picture of all such individuals is known as ______.
a. generalizing
b. nonprobability error
c. sampling
d. replication
Learning Objective: 5.1: Distinguish the two meanings of generalizability.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. Using known information known about a total population before sampling is known as ______.
a. stratified random sampling
b. random digit dialing
c. sampling
d. generalizability
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Stratified Random Sampling
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. When a sequence of elements to be sampled varies in some regular way it is referred to as ______.
a. a sampling interval
b. stratified random sampling
c. periodicity
d. proportionate sampling
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Systematic Random Sampling
Difficulty Level: Easy
39. Which of the following is a common nonprobability method?
a. purposive sampling
b. random sampling
c. systematic random sampling
d. cluster sampling
Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain when nonprobability sampling methods may be preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonprobability Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. When would nonprobability sampling methods most likely be preferred?
a. with internet-based research
b. after probability sampling has been completed
c. in quantitative research
d. when generalizability is of little concern
Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain when nonprobability sampling methods may be preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonprobability Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. High sampling error indicates high levels of generalizability.
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. A sample is always from the target population.
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations among the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Sample generalizability depends on the amount of sampling error in order to determine the quality of the sample.
Learning Objective: 5.6: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of the population included in the sample.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Quota sampling is a nonprobability method intended to overcome a flaw of availability sampling in which the sample will just consist of whoever or whatever is available.
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Quota Sampling
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Not all probability sampling methods use random sampling.
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. The larger the sampling error, the more representative the sample becomes.
Learning Objective: 5.6: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of the population included in the sample.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. If all the elements that would be sampled are identical, sampling would be unnecessary.
Learning Objective: 5.2: Identify the circumstances that make sampling unnecessary and the reasons they are rare.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Highlights
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic random sampling are the four most common methods for drawing random samples.
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Probability Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Conducting a census of the entire population of interest can eliminate the issue of generalizability.
Learning Objective: 5.1: Distinguish the two meanings of generalizability.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Stratified random sampling uses prior information about a population to make sampling more efficient.
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Highlights
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. What is the logic of inferential statistics? Why are inferential statistics relevant for social research?
Learning Objective: 5.3: Identify the relations between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the sampling frame, and sample quality.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty level: Hard
2. In social research, what is the importance of sampling? When is sampling unnecessary?
Learning Objective: 5.2: Identify the circumstances that make sampling unnecessary and the reasons they are rare.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. What is snowball sampling? When would this type of sampling method be appropriate to use?
Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain when nonprobability sampling methods may be preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Snowball Sampling
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Identify and explain the four types of nonprobability sampling methods. Provide examples of each. Why are these techniques inferior to probability sampling techniques?
Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain when nonprobability sampling methods may be preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Nonprobability Sampling Methods
Difficulty level: Hard
5. Describe how you would select a sample of students from your college, using random sampling techniques. What are the benefits of your technique? What are the challenges?
Learning Objective: 5.4: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and indicate when each is preferred.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Simple Random Sampling
Difficulty Level: Hard
Document Information
Connected Book
Comprehensive Test Bank | Understanding the Social World 2e by Schutt
By Russel K. Schutt