Test Bank Women And The Criminal Justice System Chapter 7

CHAPTER 7:

WOMEN AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The only reference to sex in the Constitution is in the ____________ Amendment which gave women the right to vote.

a. Fourteenth

b. Nineteenth

c. Eighth

d. Sixth

2. Prominent among the explanations for recent increases in female arrests include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. less biased responses by criminal justice practitioners

b. increased economic marginalization of women

c. greater opportunity for females to commit crime

d. None of the above (i.e., they all explain the recent increase in female

arrests)

3. Females have made great progress into policing since the _______________ which prohibited discrimination in hiring on the basis of color, race, sex, religion, or national origin.

a. Civil Rights Act of 1964

b. Nineteenth Amendment

c. Eighteenth Amendment

d. Emancipation Proclamation

4. Higher percentages of female officers are found in:

a. mid-size departments

b. smaller departments

c. larger departments

d. rural departments

5. Female officers from other minority groups sometimes face a sense of ____________, for instance, when their race and gender pose particular challenges not faced by many other officers.

a. proxemics

b. structuration

c. cognitive dissonance

d. double jeopardy

6. Sentencing guidelines were primarily designed to provide:

a. more severe penalties for violent offenders

b. more lenient penalties for drug offenders

c. consistency and parity in sentencing decisions

d. jail sentences for felonies

7. The 1998 execution of ___________ generated worldwide controversy.

a. Brittany Strange

b. Karla Faye Tucker

c. Maybelline Brackens

d. Susan Smith

8. “Prison play-families” are most often found in __________ prisons.

a. female

b. male

c. supermax

d. medium-security level

9. Pertinent among the factors influencing the ability of a child with an incarcerated mother to avoid involvement in the criminal justice system include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. the child’s relationship with their custodian

b. the age of the child at the time of the mother’s incarceration

c. the type of crime committed by the mother

d. the mother’s ability to adapt to prison life

10. Most inmates report that their children are living with:

a. foster parents

b. the child’s grandparents

c. the child’s other parent

d. family friends

11. Which of the following is NOT accurate with regard to Luana Ross’ study of Native American women in a Montana prison?

a. Native American female inmates were often the target of violence by other

inmates

b. Native American female inmates lacked access to native spiritual leaders

c. the desistance of female Native American inmates led to them receiving

more punitive treatment

d. female Native American inmates resist prison due to the lack of

recognition of Native American culture

12. Female probation have faced lower levels of rejection and harassment than female police officers for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

a. male probation officers have not established a culture that excludes

females

b. the historical need for treatment in probation and parole fares well for the

acceptance of females

c. probation departments generally have stronger, more proactive

organizational leadership

d. probation has never truly been recognized as a male-dominated profession

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. The beginning of the first feminist movement of the nineteenth century is traced to a convention in Seneca Falls, NY.

2. Compared to males, females are more likely to be poor.

3. Males are more likely than females to be victimized by someone known to them.

4. Males are more likely than females to report violent victimizations to the police.

5. The worldwide attention surrounding the execution of Karla Faye Tucker was generated by her being the first female executed in Texas since the Civil War.

6. It is expected that fewer females will be executed in the near future.

7. Although the number of males incarcerated far outnumbers the number of females, the percentage of incarcerated females is increasing at a higher rate than for males.

8. Compared to prisons, jails offer more intense treatment programs and a wider variety of opportunities for rehabilitation.

9. The initial step toward creating prisons specially designed for females didn’t’ occur until 1934, when the Texas State Prison System created the Women’s Correctional Institute. F (NY Female Prison in NY in 1835)

10. Most inmates with children report having at least one contact with their child while incarcerated.

11. Today, female and male prison officers are generally viewed by prisoners as similar with regard to arbitrariness, fairness, and empathy.

12. The introduction of female staff members into prisons initially generated controversy among inmates and male prison staff.