Test Bank Docx Why Can’T A Woman Do That? Gender Ch9

Chapter 9: Why Can’t a Woman Do That? Gender Inequalities

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 1

1) This is a social category that constructs roles and defines behaviors for men and women.

Section reference: Section 1

a. Sexual identity

b. Masculinity/Femininity

c. Gender

d. Sex

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 2

2) This is defined as the biological difference between males and females. At or before birth, we are each identified with our first label or status on the basis of our reproductive organs and genes.

Section reference: Section 1

a. Sexual identity

b. Masculinity/Femininity

c. Gender

d. Sex

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 3

3) What is one difference in the way girls are socialized by their parents compared to boys?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Female children are held more tenderly and with greater affection, while male children are often treated more playfully and aggressively.

b. Parents spend more time nurturing and indulging female children compared to boys who are often given more freedom.

c. Boys tend to get more household chores to do than girls.

d. Girls are raised with more pressure to be leaders to overcome adversity while boys are encouraged to play more.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 4

4) Some stereotypical qualities of masculinity include

Section reference: Section 1

a. emotional, gentle, and nurturing.

b. aggression, independence, toughness, and strength.

c. intelligence, common sense, obedience, and strength.

d. brave, tough, rational, sensitive.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 5

5) Qualities stereotypically associated with feminine behavior expectations are

Section reference: Section 1

a. emotional, gentle, and nurturing.

b. aggression, independence, toughness, and strength.

c. vulnerable, shy, strength, and emotional.

d. brave, tough, rational, sensitive.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 6

6) As boys and girls are socialized, which inclinations become more pronounced as signs of difference between the two groups?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Boys learn to speak earlier and are more adept overall in their verbal skills than girls. Girls tend to develop their mechanical and dexterity skills faster than boys.

b. Girls are more intellectual and interactive. Boys are more physical and expressive.

c. Boys are more intellectual and interactive. Girls are more physical and expressive.

d. Girls learn to speak earlier and are more adept overall in their verbal skills than boys. Boys tend to develop their mechanical and dexterity skills faster than girls.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 7

7) In her 1990 book The Beauty Myth, Naomi Wolf argues

Section reference: Section 1

a. the beauty industry is toxic in presenting unrealistic standards for women to try and attain.

b. men are just as interested in their own physical appearance and attractiveness as women.

c. American culture serves to damage women’s self-esteem by teaching them to measure self worth in terms of physical appearance and how attractive they are to men.

d. norms around beauty is a passive distraction to control women and maintain power among men.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 8

8) This dynamic is more prevalent among girls than boys, because girls are socialized to care for others, maintain relationships, and be popular.

Section reference: Section 1

a. Being confident and knowing you have others to rely on if you need help.

b. Being the victim of any kind of cyberbullying.

c. “Relational aggression” characterized by negative behaviors like spreading rumors, threatening or withdrawing from friendships, and reacting to power issues within a group.

d. Feeling the support of a friend network and having the ability to be authentic with one’s peers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 9

9) Today, the continuous efforts and campaigns promoting the belief that males and females should be politically, socially, and economically equal are referred to as

Section reference: Section 2

a. feminist movements.

b. anti-gender movements.

c. women’s suffrage movements.

d. pro-women movements.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 10

10) The first wave of feminism occurred in _____ and focused on women’s legal rights.

Section reference: Section 2

a. the 1600s

b. the 17^th and early 18^th centuries

c. the 1800s

d. the19^th and early 20^th centuries

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 11

11) The second wave of the feminist movement peaked in the _____ and focused on the emergence of a formal identity for women. This wave coincided with other movements, most notably the _____

Section reference: Section 2

a. 1840s and 1850s ; Western Expansion Movement.

b. 1920s and 1930s ; Great Depression.

c. 1940s and 1950s ; Anti-WWII Protests.

d. 1960s and 1970s ; Civil Rights Movement.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 12

12) In the 1970s which organization was one of many groups who sought to overturn laws that enforced gender discrimination in matters such as contracts, property rights, employment, and wages?

Section reference: Section 2

a. Feminist Movement 3^rd Wave

b. National Organization for Women (NOW)

c. Progressive Women’s Leadership

d. World Pulse

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 13

13) Two movements related to the fourth wave of the feminist movement include

Section reference: Section 2

a. Pro Choice and Pro Life.

b. Equal Pay for Equal Work and Equal Rights movement.

c. Right to Vote and Vietnam Protests.

d. #MeToo movement and the #Time’sUp movement.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 14

14) Which constitutional amendment that would grant women equal protection under the law has been denied by congress going back to 1923?

Section reference: Section 2

a. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

b. Equal Rights Act

c. Pregnancy Discrimination Act

d. Fair Labor Standards Act

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 15

15) What items discussed in the chapter contribute to children’s gender socialization?

Section reference: Section 3

a. Toys

b. Food choices

c. Electronic devices

d. Furniture

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 16

16) How do parents contribute to gender socialization with assigned chores to children?

Section reference: Section 3

a. Girls are typically paid for their chores and boys are not.

b. Boys are typically paid for their chores and girls are not.

c. Girls get the chores that require a willingness to get one’s hands dirty while boys are given activities that perpetuate a traditional woman’s role in the household.

d. Boys get the chores that require a willingness to get one’s hands dirty while girls are given activities that perpetuate a traditional woman’s role in the household.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 17

17) Sociological research points out that children tend to be accepted by their peer group when they conform to that group’s gender-based behavior. This is particularly true for

Section reference: Section 3

a. boys, who strictly police their friend’s behavior and frequently experience “relational aggression” due to peer competition and judgement.

b. girls, who strictly police their friend’s behavior and frequently experience “relational aggression” due to peer competition and judgement.

c. boys, who put pressure on other boys to engage in masculine activities and to refrain from and show disdain for feminine activities.

d. girls, who put pressure on other girls to engage in feminine activities and to refrain from and show disdain for masculine activities.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 18

18) Why are parents and caretakers often unable to dispel some of the harmful gender stereotypes perpetuated in the media?

Section reference: Section 3

a. Because they do not consume the same media as their children.

b. Because many of our ideas about men and women have been reinforced since childhood, making awareness of inconsistencies or inaccuracies difficult to identify for adults.

c. Because the messages are subconscious and often hidden.

d. Because everyone interprets popular culture and media in different ways.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 19

19) What crucial skill is challenging for boys but has critical implications for a student’s learning and problem-solving development?

Section reference: Section 3

a. Math

b. Art

c. Reading

d. Music

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 20

20) What was the goal of 1990s education reform?

Section reference: Section 3

a. To try and remove gender stereotypes from students’ mindsets.

b. To address and accommodate boys’ process of absorbing information.

c. To address girls’ lack of confidence and teacher bias favoring boys.

d. To provide equal extracurricular activities for girls and boys.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 21

21) What did Richard Whitmire study in preparation of his book, Why Boys Fail?

Section reference: Section 3

a. The learning style of boys compared to girls

b. Grades assigned to boys compared to girls

c. Treatment of children by gender from teachers

d. Math and writing standardized test scores for boys and girls

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 22

22) What did Whitmire’s study uncover about gender and education?

Section reference: Section 3

a. Boys have short attention spans and do not like to listen to authority, so they tend to have a harder time conforming to school rules and norms.

b. Boys and girls have different learning styles and the school environment is more conducive or positive for girls than boys.

c. Teachers require less of male students than female students and focus instead on their social development and physical activities.

d. Boys tend to score dramatically lower on standardized tests than girls, which may have to do with testing bias or a lack of motivation for boys to do well.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 23

23) The wage gap is

Section reference: Section 4

a. the difference in what women could earn if they chose more of the professions and jobs that men choose.

b. the difference in what women could earn without taking time off for maternity leave or childcare.

c. the difference between what women initially earned in the workplace compared to present-day earnings.

d. the difference in earnings between men and women.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 24

24) If the earnings ratio continues at its current rate, and, assuming a host of other factors, it will take _____ for wage parity to be reached between men and women.

Section reference: Section 4

a. about 5 years

b. about 10 years

c. between 20 and 25 years

d. more than 40 years

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 25

25) Sociologists study jobs and examine the amount of training, education, level of responsibility, and working conditions of different positions to determine what pay rates should look like across a wide range of industries and careers, regardless of gender or gender stereotypes. This measure is known as

Section reference: Section 3

a. wage gap.

b. second shift.

c. equal pay for equal work.

d. comparable worth.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 26

26) Who typically works the “second shift” of responsibilities in American households?

Section reference: Section 4

a. Stay-at-home dads

b. Stay-at-home mothers

c. Working women

d. Working men

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 27

27) Which of the following is NOT a recent trend in family and career for Americans:

Section reference: Section 4

a. Men have matched women in terms of the responsibilities for maintaining the household.

b. Men have increased their childcare.

c. More women both work and have children.

d. More men choose to be stay-at-home dads while wives work.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 28

28) What is one persistent difference in the household tasks performed more by women compared to men?

Section reference: Section 4

a. Men do more daily tasks such as cooking and washing dishes.

b. Women do more everyday tasks such as laundry and childcare.

c. Women do more occasional tasks such as landscaping or car maintenance.

d. Men and women split all tasks evenly and/or hire out help to do jobs they cannot complete.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 29

29) Until recently, the US military prohibited women from

Section reference: Section 4

a. Marines or Navy service.

b. leadership roles.

c. any service.

d. combat unit service.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 30

30) In 2019, there were 1,021 official complaints filed by military personnel alleging

Section reference: Section 4

a. female insubordination.

b. poor peer performance.

c. sexual harassment.

d. inappropriate conduct.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 31

31) How many sexual assaults were reported in a 2020 Department of Defense report and what percent change did this reflect from the year before?

Section reference: Section 4

a. 5,524 ; 10% increase

b. 7,825 ; 3% increase

c. 2,555 ; 3% decrease

d. 3,673 ; 10% decrease

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 32

32) What percentage of US women are raped in their lifetime?

Section reference: Section 4

a. 5%

b. 10%

c. 20%

d. 40%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 33

33) What percentage of US men are raped in their lifetime?

Section reference: Section 4

a. Less than 2%

b. Less than 5%

c. 15%

d. 20%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 34

34) What race/ethnicity group reports the highest rates of rape victimization among US women (26.9%)?

Section reference: Section 4

a. American Indian/Alaska Native

b. African American

c. Hispanic

d. White

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 35

35) What race/ethnicity group reports the highest rates of stalking victimization among US women (20%)?

Section reference: Section 4

a. American Indian/Alaska Native

b. African American

c. Hispanic

d. White

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 36

36) What proportion of American women have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner?

Section reference: Section 4

a. About one-fifth

b. About one-quarter

c. About one-third

d. About half

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 37

37) Why are women less likely than men to have been convicted of a violent crime?

Section reference: Section 4

a. Judges and juries are biased against men accused of violent crimes.

b. Judges and juries have difficulty thinking women as the “weaker sex” are capable of violence.

c. Experts suspect that women are more successful at covering up their violent crimes than men.

d. Women who engage in violence do not typically do so in a premeditated manner, but instead are engaging in a form of self-defense which can be used as justification to prevent conviction.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 38

38) A national survey found that _____ of male adults in state prisons exhibited mental health problems as compared to _____ of women prisoners.

Section reference: Section 4

a. 36% ; 62%

b. 62% ; 36%

c. 55% ; 73%

d. 73% ; 55%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 39

39) Sexual harassment is a form of gender discrimination that violates

Section reference: Section 5

a. the Equal Rights Amendment.

b. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

c. 19^th amendment to the Constitution.

d. Sexual Harassment Act of 1984.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 40

40) Who is the original founder of the #metoo movement?

Section reference: Section 5

a. Hilary Clinton

b. White actress Alyssa Milano

c. African American activist Tarana Burke

d. Feminist icon Gloria Steinem

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 41

41) Sociologist Talcott Parsons described the division of labor in the household as being comprised of two different types of tasks. _____tasks, which often require greater physical strength and are focused on accomplishment, traditionally were taken on _____. In contrast,_____ tasks are focused on nurturing, well-being, and group cohesion and are traditionally assigned to _____

Section reference: Section 5

a. Instrumental ; men ; expressive ; women.

b. Expressive ; women ; instrumental ; men.

c. Masculine ; men ; feminine ; women.

d. Patriarchal ; men ; matriarchal; women.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 42

42) What does a Marxist perspective of gender inequality entail?

Section reference: Section 5

a. All people should be paid a standard wage with equal access to power in a society where there are no meaningful cultural differences observed by gender.

b. With more women entering the workforce, this perspective would likely argue that certain occupations are more conducive to women’s natural inclinations.

c. Considering those who have control of the means of production and the ownership of private property (men) and those whose labor in the household and in the workplace are exploited (women).

d. The different treatment and talents of women, particularly in the area of work, justifies the differences in wages.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 43

43) Which theoretical perspective on gender includes the assertion that women should have control over their own bodies, particularly as this control relates to reproduction?

Section reference: Section 5

a. Functionalism

b. Conflict theory

c. Symbolic interactionism

d. Feminist theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 44

44) Which aspect of social life is of particular concern for phenomenological feminism?

Section reference: Section 5

a. Sexual freedom

b. Female delinquency

c. Workplace inequality

d. Intimate partner violence

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 45

45) Which theoretical perspective would explain that in speaking and writing, many people still refer to women in a traditionally male profession with an added descriptor: female doctor, female firefighter?

Section reference: Section 5

a. Socialist feminism

b. Conflict theory

c. Symbolic interactionism

d. Radical feminism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 46

46) What is the perspective of radical feminism?

Section reference: Section 5

a. They posit that the patriarchy should be replaced by a female-dominated power structure where women would hold the dominant social position over men.

b. Radical feminists are especially sensitive to women’s oppression and the domination of men over women throughout history. They also contend that eradicating this type of discrimination is exceptionally difficult and requires women to maintain a heightened sensitivity to abuse.

c. Radical feminists envision a society for women that is separate and apart from any men.

d. They argue that the social construction of gender should be completely dismantled and become an arbitrary characteristic that has no meaningful implications in society such as eye color.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 47

47) Which feminist perspective emphasizes the potential for social policy such as affirmative action to address gender inequality?

Section reference: Section 5

a. Socialist feminism

b. Liberal feminism

c. Political feminism

d. Marxist feminism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 48

48) What is the principle of Human Choice in the feminist perspective?

Section reference: Section 5

a. The struggle for women’s reproductive rights

b. That women’s social and economic oppression takes away choice and drives female crime and delinquency.

c. That laws should be passed to prevent individuals of any age from being gendered outside of their preference in any way.

d. The belief that all people, regardless of gender, should feel free to make choices based on the things that matter most to them without being boxed in by gender expectations.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 49

49) Which of the following is a fact that demonstrates that the movement toward gender equality is making progress?

Section reference: Section 6

a. The number of women in leadership positions in higher education, the military, and in corporate America continually increases.

b. There are more women than men in US congress and senate as of 2019.

c. Women’s wages are nearly equal to those of men, across all industries and occupations.

d. Women and men are equal within households with equal distribution of household work and low incidence of intimate partner violence.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 9 Question 50

50) What does it mean to consider intersectionality with regard to gender?

Section reference: Section 6

a. To acknowledge that reverse discrimination against men also occurs.

b. To examine the interplay between gender and other social forces such as race/ethnicity, class, and sexual orientation.

c. To understand the overlap between natural tendencies derived by sex with the social construction of gender.

d. To incorporate aspects from each of the feminist principles and perspectives in addressing gender inequality.