Test Bank Docx - Sustainable Development Ch.9 6th Edition - Complete Test Bank Development and Social Change 6e with Answers by Philip McMichael. DOCX document preview.
Development and Social Change, 6th edition
Philip McMichael
Chapter 9 - Sustainable Development
Test Bank
1. The Gaia hypothesis treats the Earth as a
a. biological system
b. psychological system
c. physiological system
d. morphological system
Answer Location: Sustainable Development
Page Number: 249
2. The environmentalist's paradox occurs when
a. richer nations neglect to advocate for climate change
b. richer nations engage in anti-climatic events
c. when rising well-being is accompanied by deteriorating environmental conditions
d. when rising well-being is accompanied by healthy environmental conditions
Answer Location: Challenge of Climate Change
Page Number: 250
3. The fact that those in Beijing, China use the "Wumai" (meaning fog) rather than "Wuran" (meaning pollution) to describe the poor air quality in their city is an illustration of
a. denial of the role of human activities in climate change
b. acceptance of destiny as cause of climate change
c. acceptance of global warming as cause of climate change
d. denial of global warming as cause of climate change
Answer Location: Challenge of Climate Change
Page Number: 250
4. All of the following are indicators of climate change, except:
a. global warming
b. glacial retreat
c. declining Arctic sea ice
d. ocean racidification
Answer Location: Challenge of Climate Change
Page Number: 252
5. Which of the following activities related to transportation of goods across national boarders contributes to climate change was identified in the text?
a. container shipping (of goods for world factories/farms) contributes the most to shipping emissions
b. use of agro-chemicals to reserve imported food
c. use of fuel for vehicular transportation
d. import of foreign goods into the global north
Answer Location: Challenge of Climate Change
Page Number: 252
6. An example of recycling the (market) problem as a solution, identified in the text, is the:
a. practice of emission related subjugation
b. practice of establishing protective legal frameworks
c. practice of dumping emission waste in India
d. practice of marketing emissions
Answer Location: Business as Usual
Page Number: 254
7. While "sustainable intensification" is viewed as an efficient way of producing more output from the same track of land, Greenpeace however is doubtful of these claims, and states that:
a. the language of sustainable intensification is essentially the same old chemical cocktails under a green veneer
b. the language of sustainable intensification is a trick by agro-business to extract more profit from leased land
c. the language of sustainable intensification is about power to control agro-business outcomes
d. the language of sustainable intensification is a veneer for state intrusion in private spheres.
Answer Location: Sustainable Intensification
Page Number: 256
8. Sustainability entails two broad approaches. One is _______, where the practice is high-input agriculture on less land to preserve wilderness biodiversity, and the other is ______, where the focus is on mimicking and restoring biodiversity through practices such as agroforestry and mixed farming.
a. preservation; plant-ecology
b. conservation; agroecology
c. transversation; agroecology
d. crop-rotation; plant-ecology
Answer Location: Sustainable Intensification
Page Number: 256
9. The practice of sustainable rice intensification (SRI) is a good exemplification of ____
a. agroecology
b. high-input agroecology
c. high-input conversation
d. sustainable conversation
Answer Location: Sustainable Intensification
Page Number: 256
10. Biofuels are controversial. While their burn is cleaner, their production
a. is expensive
b. pollutes more than carbon
c. is carbon intensive
d. entails excessive energy burn
Answer Location: Biofuels
Page Number: 261
11. Social movements have renamed biofuels agrofuels because their production
a. fails to pay attention to role in biodiversity
b. ignores the fact that they are essentially crops for food
c. does not differentiate between their uses - as agricultural crops and agricultural fuels
d. does not different between their uses - as crops for food or crops for fuels
Answer Location: Biofuels
Page Number: 261
12. Though biofuels are viewed as renewable alternatives to fossil fuels, they can contribute to global warming because
a. they release more carbon dioxide than fossil fuels
b. their production depends on destruction of protective ecology
c. they are mixed with fossil fuels, increasing their impact
d. they generate extreme heat in their production
Answer Location: Biofuels
Page Number: 262
13. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. Public interventions to address climate change effects take two forms. Identify them.
a. use of research to demonstrate the harmful health effects of climate change
b. use of political lobbying to effect climate change policies
c. community-based initiatives such as those adopted by the International Institute for Environmental and Development (IIED)
d. use of churches and other communities of faith
Answer Location: Public Interventions
Page Number: 262
14. The Detroit-based Farmed Here, Green Spirit Farms in Michigan are examples of efforts to promote
a. use of urban spaces to grow food or raise chickens or fish
b. reduction of emissions in urban spaces
c. urban consciousness
d. urban renewal
Answer Location: Urban Industrial Greening
Page Number: 263
15. As important as the phenomenon of eco-city is, it is still in its infancy and is a moving target because
a. urban planners need government approval for new building designs
b. urban planners need to encourage change in citizens consumption habits
c. urban planners need citizens committed to practices such as 'zero waste'
d. urban planners need to transform infrastructures and built environment into sustainable units
Answer Location: Urban Industrial Greening
Page Number: 264
16. China expansion of its solar capacity, India's low-carbon growth strategy, Colombia's Green National Development Plan, and Ethiopia and Rwanda's low-carbon development plans, as well as Korea's adoption of a national strategy for Green Growth are all indications of the feasibility of _______ in the global south
a. low-carbon energy sources and technologies
b. low energy sources
c. sustainable energy consumption
d. sustainable reduction in green carbon emissions
Answer Location: Urban Industrial Greening
Page Number: 264
17. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. The lesson from the UN's Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) report is that:
a. poverty reduction strategies still shape development at the expense of environmental protection
b. public policy decisions affecting the ecosystem are often made by transnational corporations
c. conventional development model has not understood the social and environmental significance of its ecological base
d. the interdependence of common pool resources are understood and managed by those populations deemed poor by development agencies
Answer Location: Ecosystem Questions
Page Number: 269
18. The IAASTAD questions industrial agriculture and transgenic food as solutions because
a. they create little carbon emissions
b. they lead to loss of employment
c. markets fail to adequately value environmental and social harm
Answer Location: Ecosystem Questions
Page Number: 269
19. In order to strengthen small-scale farming, IAASTD recommends altering institutional arrangements to
a. ensure agricultural multi-functionality
b. ensure incorporation of farmers from the global south
c. ensure gender mainstreaming
d. ensure reduction of poverty
Answer Location: Ecosystem Questions
Page Number: 271
20. The IAASTD report has been largely ignored by development establishment because
a. it ignored the contribution of development experts in its reports
b. it challenged the "business as usual" model of agro-business
c. it reinforces the notion that chemical agriculture is the most sustainable
d. it neglects the needs of the small scale local farmers
Answer Location: Ecosystem Questions
Page Number: 271
21. Small producers use many strategies to adapt to the effects of climate change. This include all of the following except:
a. integrated farming
b. mixed cropping
c. fertiliser rotation
d. water conservation methods
Answer Location: Grassroots Development
Page Number: 272
22. Several recent studies have concluded that the relative yields of organic/agroecological versus nonorganic farming are sufficient to provision the
a. nutritional needs of entire villages in the global south
b. the needs of urban farmers
c. the demands of village elites
d. daily average consumption of calories across the world
Answer Location: Feeding the World, Sustainably
Page Number: 275
23. Catherine Badgley and colleague's study, cited in the text, found that organic farming in the global North produces _______ of conventional agricultural yields, while in the global South, organic farming produce ________ more than conventional agriculture.
a. 92 percent; 80 percent
b. 80 percent; 92 percent
c. 90 percent; 80 percent
d. 80 percent; 92 percent
Answer Location: Feeding the World, Sustainably
Page Number: 275
24. Critiques of agroecological organics argue that they are too expensive compared with conventional farming. Their argument however ignores the fact that
a. conventional farming inputs are more expensive than those of organic farming
b. organic farming is the cheapest since it relies on local inputs
c. conventional farming benefits from huge subsidies to industrial agriculture for energy and conservation purposes
d. conventional farming benefits from government lobby.
Answer Location: Feeding the World, Sustainably
Page Number: 276
25. Babu has been a farmer for over 40 years until the agro-industrial farming changed his landscape, making it more difficult to sustain his local firm. Recently he has decided to move away from agro-industrial farming and its associated debt, and refocus on local organic farming. He is engaging in the process called:
a. localization
b. domestication
c. peasantization
d. repeasantization.
Answer Location: Feeding the World, Sustainably
Page Number: 276
26. The core principles of agro-ecology include all of the following except:
a. recycling nutrients and energy on the farm
b. recycling external inputs
c. enhancing soil organic matter
d. biological diversity
Answer Location: Feeding the World, Sustainably
Page Number: 276
27. While energy privatization reversals are spreading, the countries with strongest commitments to renewable energy are those with strong, publicly owned electricity sectors (for example, Netherlands, Austria and Norway). This occurs because
a. public sector is more reliable since it is not tied to the uncertainties of the market
b. private energy monopolies, because of shareholder interest and high profits, do not prioritize emission reductions
c. public sector is more reliant on renewable energy activists
d. public sector is suspicious of reliability of the private sector
Answer Location: Urban Industrial Greening
Page Number: 264
28. Which city plans to be the first large city in the world to use all renewable sources to generate electricity by 2025?
a. Amsterdam
b. Hungary
c. Munich
d. Oslo
Answer Location: Urban Industrial Greening
Page Number: 264
29. Publicly managed renewable energy regimes are now entirely possible. This optimism is based on all of the following recent developments, except:
a. drastic drops in the capital cost of solar photovoltaic modules
b. reduction in the price of wind turbines
c. drops in the price of biofuel
d. price of kerosene is equivalent to that of solar energy in global south
Answer Location: Renewable Energy/Green Technologies
Page Number: 265
30. All of the following are examples of Greening efforts, except:
a. Fuel substitutes
b. Carbon Capture and Storage
c. Heat Loss Reduction
d. Use of Greenify Appliances
Answer Location: Renewable Energy/Green Technologies
Page Number: 266
31. According to Gaia hypothesis, the earth is a physiological system that behaves as if it were alive.
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Sustainable Development
Page Number: 249
32. The Chinese use word "Wumai" (meaning fog) to describe the role of high-mass consumption and industrialization at the expense of environment.
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Challenge of Climate Change
Page Number: 250
33. A “business-as-usual” approach to climate change views it as an opportunity, claiming “the world must adapt to what it has become.
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Responses to the Sustainability Challenge
Page Number: 253
34. Sustainable rice intensification (SRI) approach is a good example of high-input conservation agriculture.
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Sustainable Intensification
Page Number: 256
35. Mixed farming and cover crop are methods of sustainable high-input conservation
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Sustainable Intensification
Page Number: 256
36. The irony of the plans for developing eco-cities is that all cities being considered already have a substantial carbon footprint
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Urban Industrial Greeing
Page Number: 264
37. Countries with the strongest commitments to renewable energy are those with strong, publicly owned electricity sectors
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Urban Industrial Greeing
Page Number: 264
38. According to evidence cited in the text, publicly managed renewable energy regimes are dreams of a distant future when the needed science advances.
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Renewable Energy/Green Technologies
Page Number: 265
39. Several recent studies have concluded that the relative yields of organic/agroecological versus nonorganic farming are insufficient to provide the current daily average consumption of calories across the world
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Sustainable Development
Page Number: 275
40. In many ways, repeasantization confronts the dreams and illusions of globalization and its promises
a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Sustainable Development
Page Number: 274
41. What is the Gaia Hypothesis and why is it important for sustainable development?
Answer Location: Sustainable Development
Page Number: 249
42. Why is climate change a security concern?
Answer Location: Challenge of Climate Change
Page Number: 250
43. Why does climate change effects such as Arctic melt represents an opportunity for industry.
Answer Location: Responses to the Sustainability Challenge
Page Number: 253
44. What is the difference between the Emissions Trading Scheme and Clean Development Mechanism?
Answer Location: Business as Usual
Page Number: 254
45. Biofuels are a crime against humanity. Discuss.
Answer Location: Biofuels
Page Number: 261
46. In what ways does the Alliance for a Green Revolution for Africa (AGRA) incorporate the goals of the globalization project? Is the shift from ‘old’ to ‘new’ green revolution similar to the World Bank’s shift towards ‘development with a human face’? Explain.
Answer Location: Sustainable Intensification
Page Number: 258
47. Discuss the rationale and goals of the National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA). In what ways does its action contribute to 'carbon imperialism'? Is this an example of the ‘solution as problem’ syndrome? Explain.
Answer Location: Business as Usual
Page Number: 253-254
48. Discuss whether the promises of conversation have stood up to the realities of such projects. Using sustainable rice intensification as an example, explain the myth of sustainability and how it illustrates the idea of development as rule.
Answer Location: Sustainable Intensification
Page Number: 256-257
49. Critically but briefly evaluate World Bank's "agriculture for development" program.
Answer Location: Sustainable Intensification
Page Number: 257
50. “The relative yields of organic/agroecological versus nonorganic farming are sufficient to provision the current daily average consumption of calories across the world.” Discuss the rationale behind this statement.
Answer Location: Sustainable Development
Page Number: 275
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Complete Test Bank Development and Social Change 6e with Answers
By Philip McMichael