Test Bank Docx | Like The Plague: Public Health In – Ch.12

Chapter 12: Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) was created during what conflict?
   1. World War I
   2. World War II
   3. Korean War
   4. Vietnam
2. What agency is considered to be the lead federal agency for public health?
   1. Center for Disease Control
   2. National Hygienic Laboratory
   3. National Institute of Health
   4. Department of Health and Human Services
3. The administrative head of the Public Health Service is _____________________.
   1. the U.S. President
   2. the CDC director
   3. the Secretary of the Navy
   4. the U.S. Surgeon General
4. What agency is the lead regulator of medications and medical devices in the United States?
   1. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
   2. Food and Drug Administration
   3. National Institutes of Health
   4. Department of Health and Human Services
5. What agency is the lead federal agency for health and medical research?
   1. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
   2. Food and Drug Administration
   3. National Institutes of Health
   4. Department of Health and Human Services
6. _________________ is a public health activity in which officials ask infected individuals about the people with whom they have recently had close contact.
   1. Herd immunity
   2. Contract Tracing
   3. Coronavirus
   4. Mobile laboratories
7. Which vaccine listed below was distributed in the single largest vaccination campaign in American history?
   1. Smallpox vaccine
   2. Polio vaccine
   3. Varicella vaccine
   4. COVID-19 vaccine

True/False

1. Pandemics have affected the world for centuries.
   1. True
   2. False
2. The United States has a history of using isolation and quarantine to stop the spread of disease.
   1. True
   2. False
3. The U.S. Public Health Service was created in 1942.
   1. True
   2. False
4. When public health initiatives are paid by the federal government, those programs are always executed by the federal government.
   1. True
   2. False
5. The U.S. Public Health Service is one of the uniformed services of the United States, alongside the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard, and Space Force.
   1. True
   2. False
6. The U.S. Department of Defense operates in the public health space.
   1. True
   2. False
7. The Spanish influenza was known to be transmitted on respiratory droplets through the air by coughing, sneezing, and loud talking.
   1. True
   2. False
8. Public health responsibilities are shared among several government agencies.
   1. True
   2. False

Short Answer

1. Explain the mission and role of the U.S. Public Health Service.
   1. Its mission is to “advance the health and safety of the nation,” and its officers serve across the United States, its territories, and around the world. The commissioned corps of Public Health Services is made up of medical professionals representing a range of disciplines, including dietitians, environmental health specialists, physicians, and scientists.
2. Describe the role the CDC plays in public health.
   1. The CDC is charged with protecting the United States from a range health, safety, and security threats. The work it carries out to fulfill this mission is vast in scope, from performing research on deadly viruses to distributing health tips and travel warnings. The CDC is also the nation’s leading aggregator and publisher of public health statistics.
3. Explain how the Department of Homeland Security supports public health.
   1. DHS has a wide-ranging but supporting role in public health that scales depending upon the demands of the particular incident or crisis in question. For example, as the lead distributor of disaster relief funding, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may have a part in supplying state governments and U.S. territories with the money they need to meet specific demands triggered by public health crises. Frontline agencies which routinely interact with the public and have border management responsibilities such as the U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and Transportation Security Administration, may also have significant roles to play in screening vessels, vehicles, and travelers to prevent the spread of certain diseases. DHS’s Science and Technology directorate also has the potential to contribute to public health crisis responses by innovating and distributing information to partner agencies and organizations.
4. Describe an instance when the U.S. public health apparatus was fortunate with their outcome in dealing with a potential health crisis.
   1. Student answers will vary, but should include SARS, H1N1pdm09, or Ebola - CDC notes that during the SARS outbreak, only eight people in the United States developed laboratory-confirmed evidence of SARS. The H1N1pdm09 virus was new only in the sense that it was a novel strain of an old and well-known pathogen. This meant that, rather than having to develop new antiviral treatments, medical professionals could adapt antiviral drugs that had been used to treat other strains of H1N1 for H1N1pdm09. Moreover, the time and effort required to develop a vaccine for H1N1pdm09 was relatively short—just a few months—as was the amount of time that passed from the first identified infection of H1N1pdm09 and the first vaccines against the virus being distributed. While four individuals tragically succumbed to Ebola in the United States, the nation was able to avoid far worse consequences during the 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic for several reasons. The single most consequential decision in the fight against Ebola was to focus on detecting and stopping Ebola in West Africa. By bolstering public health capacity and capabilities in Western Africa, where many governments have inadequate training, resources, and facilities, the United States, operating for the most part through the Department of Defense, was able to give those nations a fighting chance at containing the epidemic. The rapid development of vaccines for Ebola, and their use in clinical trials in West Africa, was an indispensable part of this strategy. And, in focusing upon West Africa, the U.S. government made it less likely that the Ebola virus would reach the United States.
5. Explain the turning point in the Ebola virus epidemic.
   1. The turning point in the Ebola virus epidemic, however, was the remarkable development of vaccines to prevent the illness in the midst of the 2014-2015 epidemic. NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) collaborated with foreign governments, such as the nation of Liberia and the Public Health Agency of Canada, as well as pharmaceutical companies like Merck and GSK, to develop multiple forms of inoculation against Ebola. While none of these vaccines has been approved for use in the United States, they have been generally effective in clinical trials abroad. For example, NIAID helped to produce an Ebola vaccine candidate called cAd3-EBO Z that was “well-tolerated” and created an immune response in adults and children in Liberia.

Short Essay

1. List and describe some of the agencies that operate in the public health space.
2. Describe how U.S. public health agencies have gotten involved in the COVID-19 pandemic.