Test Bank Docx Families In Later Life Ch14

Chapter 14: Families in Later Life

14.1 Quick Quiz

1. __________ refers to the average number of years a person can expect to live.
   1. Life expectancy
   2. Life fitness
   3. Living trajectory
   4. Living will

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain how and why the older U.S. population is changing.

Topic: Our Aging Society

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following is true of Alzheimer’s disease?
   1. It is a degenerative disorder that diminishes the white blood corpuscles count.
   2. It is a degenerative disorder of the lungs.
   3. It is a degenerative disorder that attacks the brain and impairs thinking.
   4. It is a degenerative disorder of muscle fibers.

Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain how and why physical and mental health and ageism affect older people.

Topic: Health and Ageism

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is true of social security?
   1. It is a public retirement pension system.
   2. It is an investment plan for older people.
   3. It is a federal health insurance program for people age 65 and older.
   4. It is a financial benefit provided exclusively to custodial caregivers.

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following describes an important difference regarding retirement income between older men and older women?
   1. Older men are not eligible for Medicare.
   2. Older women have a lower median income than older men.
   3. Older men have a lower median income than older women.
   4. Older men have more financial support from children than older women.

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following would be an example of an involved and influential grandparent?
   1. Megan’s grandfather helps her get away with the mischievous things she does and supports her when her father scolds her.
   2. Rachel’s grandfather takes her for walks during which he helps her with problems that she’s facing at school and at home.
   3. Henry’s grandmother lives far away from where he does, but she calls him on the weekends to speak to him.
   4. Jack’s grandmother invites him to spend the weekend with her a few times a year and he is pampered with gifts.

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. The customary outward expression of loss is called __________.
   1. grief
   2. mourning
   3. depression
   4. remorse

Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe how people deal with dying, death, and bereavement.

Topic: Dying, Death, and Bereavement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following is true of the differences between widowed women and their male counterparts in the age group of 65 and older?
   1. Men are more likely to want to remain single than women.
   2. Women are more likely than men to remarry.
   3. Men are more likely to be divorced or separated than women.
   4. Women are three times more likely than men to be widowed.

Learning Objective: 14.6 Compare older women’s and men’s repartnering choices and constraints.

Topic: Later-Life Divorce, Widowhood, and Repartnering

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following individuals would be an example of sporadic caregiver?
   1. John, who visits his aged mother whenever he is in town
   2. Alex, who has always helped his sister when it comes to taking care of their aged parents
   3. Rita, who tells her younger brother that she won’t be able to help with looking after their father during summer break
   4. Jake, who has taken up the responsibility of buying his parents’ medications for them every single week

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. In the __________ style of caregiving, a brother or sister might step in when help is needed but would not initiate involvement.
   1. routine help
   2. backup
   3. sporadic
   4. disassociated

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. What influential political lobbying group represents the older people in the United States
   1. AAP
   2. AARP
   3. AHA
   4. ASA

Learning Objective: 14.8 Explain why there’s competition for resources in caring for our graying population.

Topic: Competition for Scarce Resources

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Difficulty Level: Easy

14.2 Test Questions

1. A scientist who studies the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging is known as a(n) __________.
   1. gerontologist
   2. chronologist
   3. enologist
   4. cytologist

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain how and why the older U.S. population is changing.

Topic: Our Aging Society

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. In which of the following age groups is a person categorized as young-old?
   1. between 50 and 64
   2. between 75 and 84
   3. between 85 and 90
   4. between 65 and 74

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain how and why the older U.S. population is changing.

Topic: Our Aging Society

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. People between ages 75 and 84 are called __________ people.
   1. young-old
   2. old-old
   3. oldest-old
   4. young-senior

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain how and why the older U.S. population is changing.

Topic: Our Aging Society

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. The people of Marksenia have high-pressure jobs and most of them die at the average age of 60. This number would be referred to as the __________ of Marksenia.
   1. living will
   2. life fitness
   3. life expectancy
   4. old-age dependency ratio

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain how and why the older U.S. population is changing.

Topic: Our Aging Society

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Latinos generally have lower education levels and household incomes but higher life expectancy. Which of the following is the reason for their higher life expectancy?
   1. Latinos are more likely to have a stronger social support system that helps them when they get sick.
   2. Foreign-born Latinos don’t tend to return to their country of origin when they fall ill.
   3. U.S.-born Latinos, compared with other populations, are more likely to smoke and abuse prescription drugs.
   4. Most Latinos who emigrate tend to be people in the young-old age group.

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain how and why the older U.S. population is changing.

Topic: Our Aging Society

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Mary’s grandfather has just turned 68 years old. He would be categorized under the __________ group.
   1. old-old
   2. young-old
   3. oldest-old
   4. young-senior

Learning Objective: 14.1 Explain how and why the older U.S. population is changing.

Topic: Our Aging Society

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Jack’s grandfather has started leaving his things in awkward places. At times, he asks Jack over and over again where he is. He misplaces his money and doesn’t remember payments that he has already made. Jack’s grandfather is showing symptoms of __________.
   1. Alzheimer’s disease
   2. schizophrenia
   3. Parkinson’s disease
   4. dyslexia

Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain how and why physical and mental health and ageism affect older people.

Topic: Health and Ageism

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is true of death and disability issues among Americans over the age of 65?
   1. There has been an increase in the death rates for heart disease and stroke.
   2. There has been an increase in chronic and long-term illnesses.
   3. There is an inversely proportional relationship found between better education and good health.
   4. There is a steep decrease in disability rates.

Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain how and why physical and mental health and ageism affect older people.

Topic: Health and Ageism

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is found to be one of the most common mental health problems among older people?
   1. dementia
   2. ADHD
   3. paranoia
   4. dyslexia

Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain how and why physical and mental health and ageism affect older people.

Topic: Health and Ageism

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following conditions is a leading cause of death among older adults in the United States?
   1. depression
   2. heart disease
   3. schizophrenia
   4. Alzheimer’s disease

Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain how and why physical and mental health and ageism affect older people.

Topic: Health and Ageism

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. __________ is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain and impairs memory, thinking, and behavior.
   1. Doublethink
   2. Dyslexia
   3. Alzheimer’s disease
   4. Cognitive dissonance

Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain how and why physical and mental health and ageism affect older people.

Topic: Health and Ageism

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Ageism refers to the __________.
   1. gradual loss of memory as a person gets older
   2. study of the aging process
   3. discrimination against people based on their age
   4. transition of an individual from work life to retirement

Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain how and why physical and mental health and ageism affect older people.

Topic: Health and Ageism

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. __________ is a federal health insurance program for people age 65 and older that provides almost universal health coverage.
   1. Public offering
   2. Social capital
   3. Medicare
   4. Living will

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. __________ is a public retirement pension system administered by the federal government.
   1. Public offering
   2. Social capital
   3. Social Security
   4. Living will

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Why do people in higher social classes have more income during retirement?
   1. They don’t have pensions.
   2. Then generally have more property.
   3. They depend on Social Security for retirement.
   4. They don’t receive employer retirement programs.

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand The concepts

1. What is the retirement age to receive full Social Security benefits for people born after 1959?
   1. 62
   2. 65
   3. 66
   4. 67

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. In the 2000s, __________ destroyed 40 percent of Americans’ personal wealth, including rising unemployment, falling home values, eroding stock portfolios, higher debt, and plummeting interest rates on savings.
   1. Medicare
   2. the Great Depression
   3. Social Security
   4. the Great Recession

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which racial-ethnic group has the highest rate of retirement income?
   1. Asians
   2. whites
   3. blacks
   4. Latinos

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following is the most significant factor in explaining older women’s lower retirement income?
2. the gender pay gap
3. ineligibility for Social Security
4. entering the workforce later in life than men
5. inability to work long hours

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand The concepts

1. Max’s grandparents live far apart from him, but they send him a birthday card on his birthday with a $10 note in it. Every summer, Max goes to his grandparent’s house and spends 2 days with them. Max’s grandparents show an example of a __________ grandparenting style.
   1. companionate and supportive
   2. formal
   3. decentralized
   4. remote

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Jenny lives with her grandparents after they gained legal custody of her, after her mother was incarcerated. Which of the following best describes this relationship?
   1. living with grandparents
   2. custodial grandparents
   3. day care grandparents
   4. advisory grandparents

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is true of remote grandparents?
   1. They live far apart from their grandchildren and see each other infrequently.
   2. They tend to provide emotional and instrumental support but don’t interfere with parenting.
   3. They can be spontaneous and playful and exert authority at times.
   4. They serve as advisors to their grandchildren.

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Melody’s grandmother takes her to the park every Wednesday evening and visits her on weekends. Despite being close to Melody, she stays out of decisions that Melody’s parents make with regard to her well-being. Melody’s grandmother shows an example of a(n) __________ grandparenting style.
   1. authoritative and advisory
   2. companionate and supportive
   3. authoritative and companionate
   4. remote and uninvolved

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Kelly claims that her grandmother used to follow an involved and influential grandparenting style. Which of the following statements would strengthen her claim?
   1. Kelly’s grandmother used to make her do her homework first and only then take her out to the park.
   2. Kelly’s grandmother used to spend most of her time in and out of rehab for alcohol addiction.
   3. Kelly’s grandmother used to only come visit her on her birthday every year and buy her a gift.
   4. Kelly’s grandmother used to live with her, pay for her school tuition and for her ballet classes, and make the rules of the house.

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Henry claims his grandparents follow an advisory and authoritative style of grandparenting. Which of the following statements would support his claim?
   1. Henry’s grandfather lives in a different state and only meets him on holidays.
   2. Henry’s grandmother doesn’t speak to him much as she spends most of her time in a group home for dementia patients.
   3. Henry’s grandfather visits him frequently and takes him to ball games and movies.
   4. Henry’s grandmother pays his tuition fees and helps him with his homework at times.

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following is true of involved and influential grandparents?
   1. They live far apart from their grandchildren and see each other infrequently.
   2. They don’t talk to their grandchildren due to indifferences with their parents.
   3. They can be spontaneous and playful but exert authority at times.
   4. They only serve as an advisor to their grandchildren.

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. __________ grandparents have a legal relationship with their grandchildren through adoption and guardianship.
   1. Remote
   2. Custodial
   3. Supportive
   4. Living-with

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Leon claims that his grandparents follow a more companionate and supportive style of grandparenting rather than remote. Which of the following statements would strengthen his claim?
   1. Leon’s grandfather lives in another state and sends him a $20 note on his birthday.
   2. Leon’s grandfather lives in another state and comes to visit him every Christmas.
   3. Leon’s grandfather visits him every weekend and takes him out for a movie or ball game.
   4. Leon’s grandfather views Mark, Leon’s brother, as the favorite of all his grandchildren.

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. __________ grandparents assume responsibility for the physical care of their grandchildren.
   1. Sporadic
   2. Apathetic
   3. Day care
   4. Remote

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Jessica’s grandparents visit her family on occasional holidays and usually send a card or present for Jessica’s birthday. They live in a different state than she does and have relatively little contact otherwise. Jessica’s grandparents show an example of a(n) __________ grandparenting style.
   1. authoritative and advisory
   2. companionate and supportive
   3. authoritative and companionate
   4. remote and uninvolved

Learning Objective: 14.4 Compare grandparenting styles and describe grandparent–grandchild relationships.

Topic: Grandparenting

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. A __________ refers to the speed with which a person dies.
   1. living will
   2. dying trajectory
   3. dying velocity
   4. quantum trajectory

Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe how people deal with dying, death, and bereavement.

Topic: Dying, Death, and Bereavement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. According to Kubler-Ross, the first stage of dying is __________.
   1. depression
   2. bargaining
   3. denial
   4. anger

Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe how people deal with dying, death, and bereavement.

Topic: Dying, Death, and Bereavement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. A(n) __________ refers to a place for the care of terminally ill patients.
   1. infirmary
   2. hospice
   3. sanatorium
   4. foster home

Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe how people deal with dying, death, and bereavement.

Topic: Dying, Death, and Bereavement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. A legal document that specifies the medical treatments a person would like to receive if incapacitated is known as a __________.
   1. medical power of attorney
   2. living will
   3. codicil
   4. medical contract

Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe how people deal with dying, death, and bereavement.

Topic: Dying, Death, and Bereavement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. When Walter’s wife Ellen died, Walter found himself widowed. Walter also passed away within 10 months of Ellen’s death. This is an example of __________.
2. bereavement
3. Alzhiemer’s disease
4. widower effects
5. mourning

Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe how people deal with dying, death, and bereavement.

Topic: Dying, Death, and Bereavement

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. __________ refers to the process of recovery after the death of someone one felt close to.
   1. Accommodation
   2. Resentment
   3. Bereavement
   4. Indictment

Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe how people deal with dying, death, and bereavement.

Topic: Dying, Death, and Bereavement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. __________ has been found to be the most important reason for dating in widowhood.
   1. Peer pressure
   2. Maintaining financial stability
   3. Need for companionship
   4. Boredom

Learning Objective: 14.6 Compare older women’s and men’s repartnering choices and constraints.

Topic: Later-Life Divorce, Widowhood, and Repartnering

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Evalyn is a self-sufficient widow who has a solid retirement income, a strong social circle, and a lot of hobbies. Which of the following best describes her likelihood of remarriage?
2. Evalyn has few incentives to remarry, so will likely remain single.
3. Evalyn will marry quickly to gain companionship.
4. Evalyn won’t marry but likely desperately wants to.
5. Evalyn will remarry but quickly divorce.

Learning Objective: 14.6 Compare older women’s and men’s repartnering choices and constraints.

Topic: Later-Life Divorce, Widowhood, and Repartnering

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. __________, a type of repartnering, is an intimate relationship between unmarried individuals who live in separate homes but identify themselves as a committed couple.
2. Living apart together
3. Cohabitation
4. Remarriage
5. Separation

Learning Objective: 14.6 Compare older women’s and men’s repartnering choices and constraints.

Topic: Later-Life Divorce, Widowhood, and Repartnering

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concept

1. Which of the following best describes the impact of cohabitation on older men and women?
2. Older men benefit significantly more from cohabitation than older women.
3. Older men benefit from cohabitation but women do not.
4. Older women benefit from cohabitation but men do not.
5. Older women benefit significantly more from cohabitation than older men.

Learning Objective: 14.6 Compare older women’s and men’s repartnering choices and constraints.

Topic: Later-Life Divorce, Widowhood, and Repartnering

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Every week, Melissa buys her elderly parents their provisions and anything else that they may require on a daily basis. Which of the following styles of caregiving does Melissa follow?
   1. sporadic style
   2. routine help style
   3. circumscribed style
   4. contingent style

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Rachel prepares and delivers breakfast to her mother every day. She also visits her every evening to make her tea. However, on days when Rachel is unable to deliver the breakfast, she asks her brother, Steve, who lives nearby, if he could help. Steve is generally ready to help out unconditionally. Which of the following styles of caregiving does Steve follow?
   1. sporadic style
   2. backup style
   3. routine help style
   4. circumscribed style

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. In the __________ style of caregiving, siblings provide services to their parents at their convenience.
   1. disassociated
   2. sporadic
   3. contingent
   4. backup

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. In the __________ style of caregiving, sisters and brothers know that they can’t count on each other at all.
   1. sporadic
   2. circumscribed
   3. contingent
   4. disassociated

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Caroline drops in to visit her elderly parents once or twice a month and gives them some money for their upkeep. However, there are certain months where she doesn’t visit them at all and just calls them occasionally. Which of the following styles of caregiving does Caroline follow?
   1. contingent style
   2. circumscribed style
   3. sporadic style
   4. backup style

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Greg has made it clear to his sister that he would not be able to offer her any help toward taking care of their parents, who stay with her, as he has a very stressful work life and will be travelling a lot. Which of the following styles of caregiving does Greg follow?
   1. disassociated style
   2. contingent style
   3. backup style
   4. circumscribed style

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Calvin claims that his siblings follow a circumscribed style of caregiving to their parents, both of whom stay with him. Which of the following statements would strengthen Calvin’s claim?
   1. His siblings incorporate assistance into their ongoing activities and are regularly available.
   2. His siblings’ caregiving is limited to a predictable once-a-week call to their parents.
   3. His siblings are always ready to step in and help him when he has other obligations.
   4. His siblings never make attempts to regularly contact their parents, nor are they available in times of need.

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Jeni lives with her elderly mother who has serious health problems. Her brother Dave lives in another region and doesn’t provide any financial or practical support for his mother. Dave is an example of which of the following caregiving styles?
   1. sporadic style
   2. disassociated style
   3. routine help style
   4. circumscribed style

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Laura believes that her siblings follow a sporadic style of caregiving. Which of the following statements would strengthen Laura’s claim?
   1. Her siblings are only ready to help out if it doesn’t affect any of their other obligations.
   2. Her siblings never make attempts to regularly contact their parents, nor are they available in times of need.
   3. Her siblings’ caregiving is limited to a predictable once-a-week call to their parents.
   4. Her siblings are always ready to step in and help her when she has other obligations.

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Kimberly believes that her brother follows a backup style of caregiving. Which of the following statements would strengthen Kimberly’s claim?
   1. Her siblings only help out if it’s convenient for them.
   2. Her siblings step in to help whenever needed.
   3. Her siblings are never ready to help out.
   4. Her siblings stay geographically far away.

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Michelle has taken up the task of cleaning her aged mother’s house once a week and taking her to the doctor for regular check-ups once a month. However, at times when Michelle is not able to take her mother to the doctor, she asks her sister Samantha, who willingly obliges to help her. On the other hand, she states that Samantha would never initiate any help unless she is asked to do so. Which of the following styles of caregiving does Samantha follow?
   1. sporadic style
   2. backup style
   3. routine help style
   4. circumscribed style

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. What year did Congress Pass the Social Security Act?
2. 1935
3. 1945
4. 1955
5. 1965

Learning Objective: 14.8 Explain why there’s competition for resources in caring for our graying population.

Topic: Competition for Scarce Resources

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Medical care for patients in the last year of life accounts for more than __________ of annual Medicare spending.
2. 10 percent
3. 20 percent
4. 25 percent
5. 40 percent

Learning Objective: 14.8 Explain why there’s competition for resources in caring for our graying population.

Topic: Competition for Scarce Resources

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Oscar argues that increasing immigration would help to curb healthcare costs in the U.S. John disagrees and argues the allowing more immigrants to work legally in the U.S. would cause healthcare costs to rise. Which of the following accurate statement supports Oscars position?
2. Immigrants who work pay taxes and increase social security contributions.
3. Immigrants who work don’t have access to healthcare.
4. Immigrants who work don’t usually retire in the U.S.
5. Immigrants who work pay lower taxes than citizen.

Learning Objective: 14.8 Explain why there’s competition for resources in caring for our graying population.

Topic: Competition for Scarce Resources

Difficulty Level: Analyze It

Skill Level: Difficult

1. In what year is Medicare funding expected to run out?
2. 2020
3. 2026
4. 2033
5. 2045

Learning Objective: 14.8 Explain why there’s competition for resources in caring for our graying population.

Topic: Competition for Scarce Resources

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. List a few behaviors that increase the likelihood of living to an advanced age.

An ideal answer would include:

• • 1. Exercise physically and mentally.
    2. Eat a healthy diet and don’t smoke.
    3. Control your blood pressure and avoid diabetes.
    4. Establish strong social networks.

Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain how and why physical and mental health and ageism affect older people.

Topic: Health and Ageism

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. List four reasons why older Americans work full time or part time past the age of 65.

An ideal answer would include:

• • 1. Social Security cuts mean that since Social Security replaces only about 42 percent of the average older person’s preretirement income, many must continue to work. Additionally, the retirement age for full Social Security benefits has risen to age 67 for those born after 1959. As a result, Americans must work longer to receive full retirement benefits.
    2. The Great Recession destroyed 40 percent of Americans’ personal wealth. Since then, many older people have been unemployed; their health-care costs and debt have surged; interest rates on savings have plummeted; they’ve dipped into their retirement savings to pay for everyday expenses; and of the pre-retirement workers who consulted professional financial advisors, only 27 percent followed the advice about investments.
    3. Medicare, created in 1965, is a federal health insurance program for people age 65 and older that provides almost universal health coverage. However, the higher one’s retirement income, the higher are the monthly premiums. Also, Medicare doesn’t cover dental and eye care, long-term care, and coverage of prescription drugs is minimal. This means that low- and middle-income retirees must pay these costs themselves or postpone retirement.
    4. Since the early 1990s, many companies (especially in the steel, airline, and auto industries) have reduced or eliminated their employee pension plans. As a result, many older people plan to continue working indefinitely.

Learning Objective: 14.3 Explain how and why work patterns and retirement income vary for older people.

Topic: Economic Security, Work, and Retirement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Discuss the various phases of grief.

An ideal answer would include:

1. People respond initially with shock, numbness, and disbelief. The grieving person may be unable to sleep, lose interest in food, and not answer phone calls or even read sympathy cards because of an all-encompassing sorrow.
2. In the intermediate stage of grief, people often idealize loved ones who have died and may even actively search for them. A widow may see her husband’s face in a crowd. Recent widows or widowers may also feel guilty, regretting every lapse: “Why wasn’t I more understanding?” “Why did we argue that morning?”
3. Survivors may also become angry, blowing up at children and friends over little things in a seemingly irrational way.
4. The final stage of grief, recovery and reorganization, may not occur for several years, although many people begin to adjust after about 6 months. In later life, grieving is often more complex than it is for younger people because an older person may experience, over a few years, the deaths of many people who were important to him or her.

Learning Objective: 14.5 Describe how people deal with dying, death, and bereavement.

Topic: Dying, Death, and Bereavement

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Discuss the general strains of caregiving for “sandwiched caregivers.”

An ideal answer would include:

1. Sandwiched caregivers frequently experience a lower quality of life because daily routines are disrupted and parent–adult child conflict may increase.
2. Parents who are mentally impaired, can’t perform basic daily self-care tasks, or engage in disruptive behavior are the most difficult to care for.
3. The most common difficulties include always feeling rushed, social isolation, exhaustion, spending an average of more than 10 percent of one’s annual income on caregiving expenses, and missing work, which, in turn, decreases pay, retirement savings, and Social Security income.
4. Moreover, employed caregivers of older family members who are chronically ill experience increased physical and psychological problems such as high blood pressure, weight gain or loss, sleep problems, continuous anxiety, and depression.

Learning Objective: 14.7 Describe family caregiving in later life and explain how and why caregiving styles differ.

Topic: Family Caregiving in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Dr. Jackson is a scholar who is developing a plan to address the financial costs of an aging society. Identify some recommendations Dr. Jackson should make regarding how to curb healthcare costs in his report.

An ideal answer would include:

1. Reform immigration laws to allow more people to work legally and pay taxes.
2. Require higher-income people to pay a larger share of the cost of all healthcare.
3. Standardize health care costs nationally; decrease fraud and waste; and closely monitor doctors’ and other medical professionals’ unnecessary treatments and deliberately inflating their bills.
4. Providing people, especially boomers, with incentives for healthier behaviors—including reducing smoking and obesity—would also lower health care costs in the future.

Learning Objective: 14.8 Explain why there’s competition for resources in caring for our graying population.

Topic: Competition for Scarce Resources

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It