Test Bank Docx Enlightenment Chapter 11

Chapter 11

Enlightenment

1. The belief in a mechanistic universe fashioned by a Creator God who does not directly intervene in its affairs is called ______.

A. atheism

B. agnosticism

C. animism

D. deism

Learning Objective: Identify the historical foundations of the Scientific Revolution

Topic: Philosophy and Religion

2. What does the title of Francis Bacon’s landmark work, Novum Organum, mean?

A. "Inductive logic"

B. "New method"

C. "Not organic"

D. "Social contract"

Learning Objective: Define inductive reasoning and discuss Francis Bacon's understanding of its importance

Topic: History

Topic: Scientific Revolution

3. What was Francis Bacon's term for the false dogmas or teachings that hindered clear thinking?

A. Icons

B. Identities

C. Idols

D. Ironies

Learning Objective: Define inductive reasoning and discuss Francis Bacon's understanding of its importance

Topic: History

Topic: Scientific Revolution

4. In his Novum Organum, what did Bacon object to?

A. The corruption of science by superstition and theology

B. An overreliance on inductive reasoning

C. The use of science to question Christian dogma

D. Knowledge based on faith rather than on reason

Learning Objective: Define inductive reasoning and discuss Francis Bacon's understanding of its importance

Topic: History

Topic: Scientific Revolution

5. Which figure famously recanted his scientific theories in 1633 after having been put on trial for heresy?

A. Galileo

B. Newton

C. Copernicus

D. Descartes

Learning Objective: Identify the historical foundations of the Scientific Revolution

Topic: History

Topic: Scientific Revolution

6. What was a reason that both Protestants and Catholics opposed the heliocentric theory?

A. It had no empirical basis.

B. It contradicted Scripture.

C. It was introduced to Europe by Muslim astronomers.

D. It was a form of pagan Sun God worship.

Learning Objective: Identify the historical foundations of the Scientific Revolution

Topic: History

Topic: Scientific Revolution

7. What description of Diderot’s Encyclopedia is accurate?

A. It was written entirely by Diderot himself.

B. It was the largest compendium of knowledge produced in the West.

C. It was an attempt to limit access to technical knowledge and philosophical truth.

D. It was an attempt to unite the science of the Enlightenment with Christian scripture.

Learning Objective: Describe major economic, social and political theories from the Enlightenment

Topic: History

8. Which of the following men was NOT a significant figure in the movement known as the Scientific Revolution?

A. Copernicus

B. Hogarth

C. Galileo

D. Newton

Learning Objective: Identify the historical foundations of the Scientific Revolution

Topic: History

Topic: Scientific Revolution

9. What does Descartes’ proposition, “I think, therefore I am,” demonstrate?

A. His debt to the empirical method

B. His respect for the theories of Francis Bacon

C. A premise he could not doubt

D. His rejection of scientific inquiry

Learning Objective: Define Rene Descartes use of deductive reasoning

Learning Objective: Describe major economic, social and political theories from the Enlightenment

Topic: History

Topic: Scientific Revolution

10. Who were often the organizers of the French salon, the center of intellectual debate?

A. Noblewomen

B. Artisans

C. Priests

D. Government officials

Learning Objective: Describe major economic, social and political theories from the Enlightenment

Topic: History

11. “Whatever is, is right” reflects the philosophic optimism of which Enlightenment thinker?

A. Jonathan Swift

B. Voltaire

C. William Hogarth

D. Alexander Pope

Learning Objective: Describe major economic, social and political theories from the Enlightenment

Topic: Philosophy and Religion

12. Which author satirized the philosophic optimism of Enlightenment figures in Candide and other writings?

A. Diderot

B. Voltaire

C. Descartes

D. Jefferson

Learning Objective: Describe major economic, social and political theories from the Enlightenment

Topic: Philosophy and Religion

13. Which of the following statements about the French Revolution is FALSE?

A. It degenerated into a Reign of Terror followed by a military dictatorship.

B. It resulted largely from social inequality and economic turmoil.

C. It served as a model for the American Revolution that shortly followed.

D. It witnessed the mobilization of women in pursuit of greater sexual equality.

Learning Objective: Discuss the relationships between the Enlightenment and the American Revolution

Learning Objective: Recognize the historical roots of the French Revolution

Topic: American Revolution

Topic: French Revolution

Topic: History

14. All of the following figures are generally considered painters of the Rococo style EXCEPT who?

A. Fragonard

B. Boucher

C. Greuze

D. Watteau

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Topic: Art and Architecture

15. What was a principle of John Locke's?

A. Legitimate government required the consent of the governed.

B. Security lay in conferring power upon a single ruler.

C. Revolution is never justified.

D. Religion is the bedrock of the social contract.

Learning Objective: Describe major economic, social and political theories from the Enlightenment

Topic: Philosophy and Religion

16. Neoclassical art and classical music share what characteristics?

A. Clarity and formal structure

B. Freedom of form

C. Spontaneity and emotion

D. Religious themes

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Learning Objective: Recount the development of Classical music in the eighteenth century

Topic: Art and Architecture

Topic: Music and Dance

17. Henry Fielding and Samuel Richardson were both noted eighteenth-century writers of which new literary form?

A. The essay

B. The novel

C. The epic poem

D. The short story

Learning Objective: Recognize major literary and philosophical accomplishments from the Enlightenment

Topic: Literature

18. Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of traditional sonata form?

A. Recapitulation

B. Composition

C. Exposition

D. Development

Learning Objective: Recount the development of Classical music in the eighteenth century

Topic: Art and Architecture

19. What characteristic separated the operas of Mozart from his those of his predecessors? 

A. Sentimentalism

B. Improvisation

C. Sympathetic, flesh-and-blood characters

D. Use of symphony form

Learning Objective: Recount the development of Classical music in the eighteenth century

Topic: Art and Architecture

20. What was the predominant theme of Rococo paintings?

A. Pursuit of pleasure

B. Nobility of patriotic self-sacrifice

C. Dignity of the common peasant

D. Ubiquity of death and suffering

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Topic: Art and Architecture

21. What scenes are typically depicted in genre painting?

A. Classical history

B. Military conquests

C. Ordinary life

D. Religious events

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Topic: Art and Architecture

22. In what way did Ingres’ Grande Odalisque deviate from the principles of Classical art?

A. Depicted female nudity

B. Painted with rough brushstrokes

C. Used murky colors that obscured objects in the composition

D. Disproportionately elongated the body of his female subject

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Topic: Art and Architecture

23. The fusion of art and politics that exalted the ideal of service and sacrifice to one’s country is exemplified by which landmark?

A. Hogarth's The Marriage Transaction

B. David's The Oath of Horatii

C. Greuze's Village Bethrothal

D. Watteau's Departure from the Island of Cythera

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Topic: Art and Architecture

24. What subject was common to both Rococo art and Hindu art?

A. Union of the body and spirit

B. Patriotic duty

C. Lives of ordinary people

D. Love and intimacy

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Topic: Art and Architecture

25. Which nineteenth-century composer, who wrote the piece nicknamed “The Surprise,” is often called the “father of the symphony”?

A. Paul Anton Esterházy

B. Ludwig von Köchel

C. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

D. Franz Joseph Haydn

Learning Objective: Recount the development of Classical music in the eighteenth century

Topic: Music and Dance

26. Defend the following statement by focusing on five landmark works of the European Enlightenment: “The Enlightenment marks the divide between an essentially medieval view of the world as dominated by divine truths and the principles of religious faith, and the modern view of the world as governed by scientific truths and the principles of human reason.”

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Learning Objective: Describe major economic, social and political theories from the Enlightenment

Learning Objective: Recount the development of Classical music in the eighteenth century

Topic: Art and Architecture

Topic: Literature

Topic: Music and Dance

27. Compare the Rococo and Neoclassical styles, explaining the ways in which each reflects the aims, ambitions, and tastes of the European Enlightenment.

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Topic: Art and Architecture

28. Progress, human perfectibility, and political equality were among the ideals of Enlightenment thinkers. Which landmark works asserted or defended these ideals? Which offered a critical view of these ideals?

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design

Learning Objective: Describe major economic, social and political theories from the Enlightenment

Topic: Art and Architecture

Topic: Music and Dance

Category # of Questions

Learning Objective: Define inductive reasoning and discuss Francis Bacon's understanding of its importance 3

Learning Objective: Define Rene Descartes use of deductive reasoning 1

Learning Objective: Describe characteristics of Rococo art, architecture, and design 10

Learning Objective: Describe major economic, social and political theories from the Enlightenment 8

Learning Objective: Discuss the relationships between the Enlightenment and the American Revolution 1

Learning Objective: Identify the historical foundations of the Scientific Revolution 4

Learning Objective: Recognize major literary and philosophical accomplishments from the Enlightenment 1

Learning Objective: Recognize the historical roots of the French Revolution 1

Learning Objective: Recount the development of Classical music in the eighteenth century 5

Topic: American Revolution 1

Topic: Art and Architecture 12

Topic: French Revolution 1

Topic: History 10

Topic: Literature 2

Topic: Music and Dance 4

Topic: Philosophy and Religion 4

Topic: Scientific Revolution 7