Test Bank Docx Chapter 7 Energy and Nutrient Relations

Ecology, 8e (Molles)

Chapter 7 Energy and Nutrient Relations

1) Which group of organisms contains the most trophic diversity?

A) Plants

B) Animals

C) Prokaryotes

D) Fungi

E) Protists

2) What organisms use inorganic sources of both carbon and energy to synthesize organic compounds?

A) Photosynthesizers

B) Chemosynthesizers

C) Autotrophs

D) Both photosynthesizers and chemosynthesizers

E) Photosynthesizers, chemosynthesizers, and autotrophs

3) During the light dependent portion of photosynthesis, the energy found in photons is converted/transferred to

A) ATP.

B) NADPH.

C) PEP.

D) both ATP and NADPH.

E) ATP, NADPH, and PEP.

4) How are C4 plants and CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) plants similar?

A) They both open their stomata at night.

B) They both initially fix carbon into a four carbon molecule.

C) They both use more water to fix carbon into an organic compound than C3 plants.

D) They both have bundle sheath cells.

E) Both carbon fixation and PGA production occurs in mesophyll cells.

5) In order for terrestrial plants to undergo photosynthesis and produce a six carbon sugar, which of the following metabolic pathways must occur?

A) C3

B) C4

C) CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism)

D) Both C3 and C4

E) Both C4 and CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism)

6) C4 and CAM plants are best suited for

A) hot and moist environments.

B) cool and moist environments.

C) hot and dry environments.

D) cool and dry environments.

E) environments with moderate temperatures and moisture levels.

7) Herbivores, carnivores, and detritivores are all

A) omnivores.

B) autotrophs.

C) animals.

D) browsers.

E) heterotrophs.

8) Which kingdom has the higher carbon to nitrogen ratios?

A) Fungi

B) Animalia

C) Monera

D) Plantae

E) Protista

9) Which of the following is not considered a form of plant defense?

A) Silica

B) Thorns

C) Cellulose

D) Phenolic compounds

E) All the choices mentioned are plant defenses.

10) Müllerian and Batesian mimicries differ from one another because

A) in Müllerian mimicry, the mimic is actually harmless.

B) in Müllerian mimicry, the model is actually harmless.

C) Müllerian mimicry is a form of comimicry.

D) Müllerian mimicry is a form of camouflage.

E) None of the choices are correct.

11) Organisms which synthesize organic compounds using CO2 as a carbon source and inorganic chemicals as an energy source are

A) chemosynthetic heterotrophs.

B) chemosynthetic autotrophs.

C) photosynthetic autotrophs.

D) photosynthetic heterotrophs.

E) None of the choices are correct.

12) In general, among solitary predators, ________ is/are most often the determining factor in prey selection.

A) age

B) speed

C) numbers

D) health

E) size

13) Nitrifying bacteria, Nitrosomonas, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

A) are both heterotrophs.

B) are both chemoautotrophs.

C) are both parasitic.

D) use reduction as an energy yielding process.

E) All of the choices are correct.

14) A type 1 functional response curve would best represent

A) squirrels.

B) moose.

C) humans.

D) clams.

E) wolves.

15) The photosynthetic response curve is most similar to

A) type 1 functional response curve.

B) type 2 functional response curve.

C) type 3 functional response curve.

D) None of the choices are correct.

16) Several studies indicate that environmental conditions dictate plant biomass allocation; plants grown in infertile soils will allocate more energy into ________ biomass.

A) leaf

B) stem

C) root

D) flower

E) seed

17) The main force in the development and refinement of prey defenses is/are

A) nutrition.

B) predators.

C) the prey themselves.

D) mate choices.

E) All of the choices are correct.

18) Transpiration rates are highest in ________ plants.

A) C3

B) C4

C) CAM

D) C4 and CAM

E) C3, C4, and CAM

19) In ________ plants CO2 is fixed in the mesophyll cells using PEP carboxylase while sugar production occurs in the bundle sheath cells.

A) C3

B) C4

C) CAM

D) C4 and CAM

E) C3, C4, and CAM

20) The rate of energy intake by an organism can be limited by

A) availability of energy in the environment.

B) foraging time.

C) handling time.

D) All of the choices are correct.

E) both availability of energy in the environment and foraging time.

21) In a ________ functional response, initial feeding rates rise linearly at low food densities, rise more slowly at intermediate food densities, and then level off at high densities.

A) Type I

B) Type II

C) Type III

D) Type IV

E) Type V

22) The longer the wavelength, the more energy they carry.

23) Tropical plants and tropical seaweeds contain lower levels of alkaloid toxins compared to their temperate counterparts.

24) Dead leaves contain half as much nitrogen compared to live leaves.

25) Photosynthetic response curves examine photosynthetic rates and maximum irradiance.

26) Prokaryotic organisms are used for bioremediation such as converting organic sewage into CO2 and water, but unfortunately they cannot breakdown such toxins as benzene or cyanide.

27) PAR is an acronym for photosynthetically active ________.

28) The energy harvested in the light dependent reaction will eventually be used to run the C3 cycle and ultimately lead to the production of ________.

29) Generally, as predator size decreases prey size ________.

30) Organisms that use inorganic sources of both carbon and energy are called

A) heterotrophs.

B) autotrophs.

C) omnivores.

D) detritivores.

31) Which of the sources listed below is used by heterotrophs?

A) Organic molecules for carbon and energy

B) Inorganic molecules for carbon and energy

C) Organic molecules for carbon only

D) Inorganic molecules for carbon only

32) Werner and Mittelbach studied bluegill sunfish feeding habits and found which of the following to be true?

A) The optimal foraging theory is not supported in natural bluegill populations.

B) The optimal diet of bluegills matched the optimal foraging theory.

C) They concluded that there is no connection between optimal foraging and what animals actually eat in the wild.

D) They established that bluegills will only eat one size of insect in all habitats.

33) Cyanide and nitrates are residual contaminants left over from extracting gold.  What was added to the environment to help bacteria remove these so they are not pollutants?

A) Nitrogen

B) Carbon dioxide

C) Ammonia

D) Sucrose