Test Bank Docx Ch17 Foreign Policy Protecting The American

We The People, 13e (Patterson)

Chapter 17 Foreign Policy: Protecting the American Way

1) In what way did President Obama see the Trans-Pacific Partnership as beneficial to American security?

A) He believed it would lead to the placement of new U.S. military bases in the Pacific.

B) He believed it would help counter Chinese influence in the region.

C) He believed it would increase trade between the U.S. and China.

D) He believed it would undercut Chinese exports to the United States.

E) He saw it as a way of opening North Korea to trade and thus liberalizing that nation's militaristic regime.

2) NATO membership is primarily composed of

A) the U.S. and other countries in the Americas allied with it.

B) the U.S. and other nuclear weapon–armed nations.

C) the U.S., Russia, China, and smaller industrialized nations.

D) the U.S. and its European and Asian allies.

E) the U.S., Canada, and European countries.

3) Which agency has the primary responsibility for diplomacy?

A) Department of Defense

B) National Security Council

C) Department of Commerce

D) Department of State

E) Central Intelligence Agency

4) There are roughly ________ countries in the world.

A) 50

B) 100

C) 200

D) 300

E) 500

5) The phrase that best describes the shift in America's world position from the pre- to the post-World War II eras is "________."

A) internationalism to isolationism

B) isolationism to internationalism

C) containment to isolationism

D) interventionism to isolationism

E) None of these answers is correct.

6) The foundation of U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union after World War II was

A) détente.

B) unilateralism.

C) containment.

D) internationalism.

E) isolationism.

7) The basis for containment policy was the assumption that

A) the Soviet Union could be stopped from achieving its global ambitions only by the forceful use of American power.

B) the spread of nuclear weapons was a danger to the world and must be prevented.

C) economic trade should be tailored to benefit the fully industrialized nations through the formation of economic communities.

D) an arms race between the Soviet Union and the U.S. would inevitably escalate and therefore must be prevented through negotiations at an early stage.

E) terrorism could be identified and isolated in specific countries.

8) In foreign policy, President Harry Truman's actions suggested his belief that the Soviet Union was

A) a foe that required strong and sometimes active military opposition.

B) a regional threat.

C) not a threat to its neighbors, Europe, or the United States.

D) likely to evolve into a true democracy within a decade.

E) an economic threat but not a military threat.

9) Which of the following events in American foreign policy occurred first?

A) Korean War

B) war in Kosovo

C) Vietnam War

D) fall of the Soviet Union

E) Persian Gulf War

10) Which of the following is a true statement regarding the Cold War?

A) It never became an actual shooting war between the United States and the Soviet Union.

B) The U.S. pursued a policy of containment.

C) It included U.S. support for governments being threatened by communism.

D) The global power structure was bipolar.

E) All of these answers are correct.

11) Roughly how many American soldiers lost their lives in the Korean War?

A) 1,000

B) 5,000

C) 35,000

D) 155,000

E) 500,000

12) Which of the following is true about the Vietnam War?

A) U.S. combat forces left Vietnam in 1973.

B) North Vietnamese forces took over the country in 1975.

C) It was the most painful and costly application of the containment doctrine.

D) U.S. forces were technically superior in combat to the communist fighters, although the war had no front lines and few set battles.

E) All of these answers are correct.

13) Roughly how many American soldiers lost their lives in the Vietnam War?

A) 35,000

B) 58,000

C) 123,000

D) 427,000

E) 650,000

14) The U.S. lesson learned from the Vietnam War was that

A) public opinion could be ignored by leaders during wartime.

B) nuclear weapons had utility in a war of insurgency.

C) there were limits on America's ability to get its own way in the world.

D) the national interest of the United States required a total disengagement from Asian affairs.

E) constant bombing will force the enemy to concede defeat.

15) ________ described the Soviet Union as the "evil empire."

A) Richard Nixon

B) Ronald Reagan

C) Bill Clinton

D) Jimmy Carter

E) Gerald Ford

16) The communists took over China in ________.

A) 1917

B) 1929

C) 1935

D) 1949

E) 1962

17) ________ took a historic journey to the People's Republic of China in 1972.

A) Lyndon Johnson

B) Hubert Humphrey

C) George McGovern

D) Richard Nixon

E) Cyrus Vance

18) The SALT treaty

A) brought a settlement to the Korean War.

B) ended the Vietnam War.

C) reduced the nuclear weapons arsenals of the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

D) established zones of control in postwar Germany between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

E) limited the amount of standing forces that the Soviet Union could keep in Western Europe.

19) The Soviet Union eventually collapsed because of

A) its heavy defense expenditures.

B) its isolation from Western technology and markets.

C) its inefficient centralized command economy.

D) all of these: heavy defense expenditures; isolation from Western technology and markets; and its inefficient centralized command economy.

E) None of these answers is correct.

20) Which president called for a "new world order"?

A) Bill Clinton

B) Ronald Reagan

C) George H. W. Bush

D) Dwight Eisenhower

E) George W. Bush

21) Which of the following is a true statement about the 1990–1991 Gulf War?

A) It was a successful military operation.

B) It resolved the regional conflicts that prompted the original aggression by Iraq.

C) It was waged entirely by U.S. military forces.

D) It created a fiscal crisis because of the financial burden it placed on the United States.

E) None of these answers is correct.

22) The Dayton Accords

A) brought the deployment of peacekeeping troops to Bosnia.

B) ended the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

C) ended the placement of Soviet missiles on Cuban soil.

D) established the coalition that attacked Iraq in the Persian Gulf War in 1990.

E) brought a peaceful dissolution of the Soviet Union.

23) The idea that major nations should act together in response to problems and crises is called

A) the one-world concept.

B) détente.

C) multilateralism.

D) internationalism.

E) containment.

24) ________, the former president of Serbia, was tried for war crimes.

A) Slobodan Milošević

B) Mikhail Gorbachev

C) Saddam Hussein

D) Lech Walesa

E) None of these answers is correct.

25) Upon assuming the presidency in 2001, George W. Bush

A) declared that he would reduce America's military presence abroad.

B) embraced his father's multilateral approach to world affairs.

C) declared the United States would participate in the International Criminal Court.

D) declared the United States would participate in the Kyoto Protocol.

E) All of these answers are correct.

26) China's expansionist foreign policy is especially troubling for the United States today due to its relatively new but increasingly close relationship with

A) Russia.

B) Iran.

C) Japan

D) Latin America.

E) North Korea.

27) The first U.S. military action after the September 11, 2001, attacks was an invasion of

A) Afghanistan.

B) Kosovo.

C) Iraq.

D) Somalia.

E) Panama.

28) The longest war in American history has been

A) the Vietnam War.

B) World War II.

C) World War I.

D) the Iraq war.

E) the Afghanistan war.

29) In 2002, President George W. Bush labeled ________ "the axis of evil."

A) Cuba, China, and Vietnam

B) Ethiopia, Somalia, and Libya

C) Russia, China, and North Korea

D) Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Jordan

E) Iraq, Iran, and North Korea

30) Troops from which of the following countries fought alongside U.S. soldiers in America's war in Iraq in 2003?

A) Great Britain

B) Germany

C) France

D) Belgium

E) Russia

31) What three groups turned to infighting and internal violence after the U.S. removal of Saddam Hussein's old Iraqi regime?

A) Sunnis, Saudis, and Kurds

B) Sunnis, Shiites, and Kurds

C) Kurds, al Qaeda, and Saudis

D) Arabs, Shiites, and Sunnis

E) Kurds, Shiites, and Saudis

32) President Obama ordered bombing raids against a radical Sunni group that had seized large parts of territory in

A) Syria and Iraq.

B) Egypt and Libya.

C) Turkey and Armenia.

D) Afghanistan and Iran.

E) Morocco and Algeria.

33) The annual defense budget in the United States represents

A) about 15 percent of annual worldwide military spending.

B) about 5 percent of annual worldwide military spending.

C) about 67 percent of annual worldwide military spending.

D) about 55 percent of annual worldwide military spending.

E) about 35 percent of annual worldwide military spending.

34) Defense spending is second-highest in

A) Russia.

B) the United States.

C) China.

D) Great Britain.

E) Germany.

35) Defense spending is highest in

A) Japan.

B) the United States.

C) France.

D) Great Britain.

E) Germany.

36) The policy of deterrence is based on the idea that

A) when threatened, a nation should strike first so that its enemy is deprived of the option of a surprise attack.

B) economic links with another country will deter it from aggression.

C) modern warfare requires a flexible response policy.

D) a nation is deterred from launching a full-scale nuclear attack by the knowledge that it too would be obliterated.

E) preemptive strikes are preferable to passive behavior.

37) The nuclear triad consists of

A) land-based missiles, bombers, and tactical nuclear weapons.

B) bombers, jet fighters, and submarine-based missiles.

C) land-based missiles, submarine-based missiles, and bombers.

D) bombers, land-based missiles, and cruise missiles.

E) None of these answers is correct.

38) Since the cold war ended, U.S. policy makers' chief concern with nuclear weaponry has been

A) the possibility of a computer error in the U.S. or former Soviet weapons systems that could mistakenly launch a nuclear missile.

B) the spread of nuclear technology to rogue nations or terrorist groups.

C) the use of a tactical nuclear weapon in ethnic conflicts in Eastern Europe.

D) the possibility that, in the process of dismantling the U.S. and former Soviet arsenals, a nuclear warhead could be accidentally detonated.

E) the spread of nuclear technology to NATO forces.

39) When was the last time the United States fought an all-out conventional war that required a military draft and the full mobilization of the country's industrial capacity?

A) Iraq War

B) Vietnam War

C) Korean War

D) World War II

E) World War I

40) Which country possesses the most powerful military?

A) Great Britain

B) Russia

C) China

D) United States

E) France

41) What characteristic of states like Montana and Wyoming contributes to the comparatively high military recruitment from those areas?

A) a high number of military installations

B) rural, with few well-paying jobs available to young adults

C) a strong military tradition

D) state mandates for public service

E) enlistment bonuses offered to recruits from certain states

42) Which of the following is the measure of success in an unconventional war?

A) winning the support of the people

B) territory gained

C) enemy soldiers killed

D) combat units destroyed

E) enemy soldiers wounded

43) Which of the following makes America's war on terrorism a "new kind of war"?

A) Law enforcement plays a key role.

B) "Soft" targets such as airports and major events must be protected.

C) The terrorists are not seeking to take over specific regions or countries.

D) The focus of the war is on groups rather than nations.

E) All of these answers are correct.

44) America's war on terrorism is aimed primarily at

A) individuals.

B) groups.

C) regions.

D) nations.

E) nongovernmental organizations.

45) The term "asymmetric war" best applies to

A) regional wars.

B) transnational terrorism.

C) conventional wars.

D) nuclear war.

E) wars between neighboring countries with different population sizes.

46) Which president first warned of the consequences of the military-industrial complex?

A) Dwight Eisenhower

B) Richard Nixon

C) John F. Kennedy

D) Ronald Reagan

E) Jimmy Carter

47) The United States produces about ________ percent of the world's goods and services.

A) 5

B) 20

C) 50

D) 66

E) 75

48) The European Union produces about ________ of the world's goods and services.

A) 10 percent

B) a fifth

C) one-quarter

D) half

E) None of these answers is correct.

49) The three major economic centers of the world are the

A) United States, Canada, and Mexico.

B) Pacific Rim, China, and the United States.

C) United States, the Pacific Rim, and the European Union.

D) United States, Russia, and Brazil.

E) None of these answers is correct.

50) Which of the following is true about the trade imbalance in the United States?

A) The United States has not had a trade surplus since 1975.

B) Over the past decade, the U.S. trade deficit has exceeded $300 billion every year.

C) The United States has the largest trade deficit of the top three economic centers.

D) All of these are true: The United States has not had a trade surplus since 1975; over the past decade, the U.S. trade deficit has exceeded $300 billion every year; and the United States has the largest trade deficit of the top three economic centers.

E) None of these answers is correct.

51) Regarding the position of the United States in world trade, it can be said that

A) the United States has never had a trade surplus.

B) in recent years, the United States had trade surpluses more than deficits.

C) the United States has the most favorable balance of trade in the world.

D) the United States is a larger market than the European Union and the Pacific Rim combined.

E) None of these answers is correct.

52) Which of the following is NOT an economic element of the United States in relation to its position in the world economy?

A) Although it has a trade deficit with most competitors, it exports more goods than it imports.

B) It has a wide base of natural resources.

C) It has the most diversified economy among its major competitors.

D) It is the most economically competitive of its major competitors.

E) All of these answers are correct.

53) The European Recovery Plan is better known as the

A) Truman Doctrine.

B) Marshall Plan.

C) Carter Doctrine.

D) Clinton Manifesto.

E) Reagan Decree.

54) Which of the following terms most accurately describes the international economy today?

A) unilateralism

B) isolationism

C) interdependence

D) protectionism

E) insurgency

55) The United States pursues its economic policy goals through which of the following?

A) World Bank

B) foreign aid

C) International Monetary Fund (IMF)

D) all of these: the World Bank, foreign aid, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

E) None of these answers is correct.

56) America's trade deficit with China surpasses more than ________ annually.

A) $250 billion

B) $2 billion

C) $22 billion

D) $48 billion

E) $712 billion

57) Which of the following statements about recent developments in trade and protectionism in the United States is true?

A) Although Donald Trump made protectionism a big part of his campaign, he has not taken any concrete protectionist actions with respect to trade.

B) New protectionist measures in the United States have largely eliminated its trade deficit.

C) Most U.S. presidents have leaned toward protectionism over free trade since World War II.

D) President Donald Trump withdrew the United States from NAFTA in 2017.

E) The United States–Colombia Free Trade Agreement was passed with far more Republican than Democratic support in Congress.

58) Which country was the only one to side with Russia in a UN Security Council vote censuring Russia for its annexation of the Crimea?

A) France

B) Poland

C) China

D) Algeria

E) Nigeria

59) The two most important sources of imported oil for the United States are

A) Saudi Arabia and North Africa.

B) Iraq and the Persian Gulf.

C) Canada and Russia.

D) Venezuela and the Middle East.

E) None of these answers is correct.

60) The United States

A) spends the most on foreign aid in dollar terms, but several countries spend more on a per capita basis.

B) spends the most on foreign aid on a per capita basis, but several countries spend more in dollar terms.

C) spends the most on foreign aid both in dollar terms and on a per capita basis.

D) spends less on foreign aid both in dollar terms and on a per capita basis than several other countries.

E) None of these answers is correct.

61) Placing more emphasis on diplomacy, economic sanctions, and foreign aid as the means of protecting U.S. interests, rather than emphasizing the threat or use of military force, is known as what type of power?

A) hard power

B) soft power

C) modern power

D) economic power

E) true power

62) Define the term containment policy. What was the basis for this policy?

63) How does public opinion exhibit varying levels of importance in defense policy?

64) Describe the military-industrial complex and discuss its influence on defense spending.

65) Discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of the U.S. economy relative to those of leading competitor nations.

66) Describe how the U.S. relationship to global free trade has changed over time.