Chapter 16: Summary and Integration

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The authors remind us that theories, as representations of reality, are like ______.

A. springboards

B. gardens

C. paintings

D. maps

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Each of the theories discussed in the book ______.

A. has areas in which it overlaps with other theories

B. tries to predict optimal situations for clients

C. uses a variety of ways to help clients learn about themselves

D. all of these

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which theory describes vocational personalities and work environments?

A. Super’s

B. Gottfredson’s

C. Bandura’s

D. Holland’s

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Super is to ______ as Gottfredson is to ______.

A. rainbows; crosswalks

B. childhood; later life stages

C. later life stages; childhood

D. crosswalks; rainbows

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which theory shares some commonalities with Holland’s theory, yet emphasizes individuals’ abilities and needs?

A. social cognitive theory

B. the theory of work adjustment

C. career construction theory

D. the psychology of working theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which theory focuses on economic constraints and marginalization that often stems from social identities like sexism and racism?

A. social cognitive theory

B. the theory of work adjustment

C. career construction theory

D. the psychology of working theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which theory deals with reconstructing and co-constructing clients’ life portraits?

A. social cognitive theory

B. the theory of work adjustment

C. career construction theory

D. the psychology of working theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which theory emphasizes a person’s beliefs about his or her competence to do various tasks and considers expected outcomes?

A. social cognitive theory

B. the theory of work adjustment

C. career construction theory

D. the psychology of working theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A university career counselor, Dori, has a poster on her office wall featuring a hexagon with a letter beside each corner of the shape. She uses this often when talking to students. What theoretical perspective likely grounds Dori’s work?

A. Holland’s

B. Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)

C. Gottfredson’s

D. Super’s

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. In thinking about the case of Leslie, which theory highlighted her self-efficacy beliefs related to math and teaching?

A. career construction and life designing

B. cognitive career theory

C. Gottfredson’s

D. Super’s

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Which is true regarding the research support for Holland’s theory?

A. the theory is still relatively new, so research support is limited

B. research regarding this theory is mixed at best

C. this theory has been well-researched and has good empirical support

D. none of these

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which theory focuses on circumscription and compromise?

A. career construction and life designing

B. cognitive career theory

C. Gottfredson’s

D. Super’s

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Super and Gottfredson both articulated developmental theories. Briefly describe what makes these theories developmental and how are they different?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary and Comparison of the Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium